Developing the DigiQUAL protocol for digital library evaluation
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Research_on_the_Construction_of_Teaching_Resource_
Journal of International Education and Development2022, VOL. 6, NO. 10, 85-88DOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250015.20220610Research on the Construction of Teaching Resource Library in Higher Education LibrariesLixin WangThe Circulation Department of Library, Taishan University, 271000, Tai'an, Shandong, ChinaABSTRACTWhile providing portable services for teachers and students, theuniversity wisdom library also lays a good foundation for the constructionof the teaching resource library of universities. Through the informationtechnology resource sharing platform, it integrates various types,teaching contents and teaching resources, establishes a more effectiveresource management system, facilitates teachers and students toconduct classification and retrieval, and thus helps universities developthe construction of university teaching resource library with their ownprofessional characteristics. This paper conducts relevant research basedon the construction of teaching resource library in college libraries,hoping to provide relevant suggestions for the development andconstruction of college libraries and promote the better development ofcollege teaching resource library.KEYWORDSUniversity; Library; Teaching Resource Library1 IntroductionWith the continuous construction and development of digital resources in colleges and universities, college libraries gradually provide more convenient services for teaching and learning in colleges and universities, use their own characteristic resources to effectively combine with professional disciplines in colleges and universities, continuously strengthen the construction of various information resource libraries, carry out targeted and personalized services, and meet the information needs of teachers and students in high colleges and universities. In the process of development and construction, many universities provide more specialized literature and data materials for key disciplines and specialties through self-built databases. In response to the information user needs of teachers and students, they provide the most cutting-edge and latest information data in a certain specialty or discipline field, and effectively integrate the data resources according to relevant standards, which greatly improves the retrieval and sharing ability of teaching resources.2 The Value of Teaching Resource Library in UniversitiesWith the continuous development of efficient digital construction, university libraries provide portable help for teachers and students to obtain information resources, but the teaching resource library of related professions is relatively lacking, which still restricts the development of school teaching activities. In the process of development and construction, libraries have accumulated a large number of various information resources with practical value, and effective integration ofLixin Wang 86these information resources can continuously optimize the teaching environment. Making full use of various advantages of university libraries, such as equipment, information, resources and talents, to build a more specialized teaching resource library can give better play to the intelligent service system of university libraries. College teaching resource library refers to the establishment of excellent digital media resource library in accordance with unified standards and technical specifications and following the inner logic of efficient curriculum. All kinds of presentations, lesson plans, exercises, test questions and other materials used by teachers in the daily teaching process can be displayed in the form of documents, and such teaching resources are a valuable asset for colleges and universities. However, in the long-term development and construction, universities lack effective management of such teaching resources or adopt looser management mode, so that teaching resources are only used or managed by teachers personally, which cannot effectively improve the quality of teaching resources and realize the effective sharing of information resources, which is a waste of teaching resources of university teachers. As the collection manager of university materials, the library only provides simple library information lending service, which cannot meet the diversified needs of teachers and students in teaching and learning. By collecting and organizing the teaching resources of university teachers and establishing a scientific and effective teaching resource library, it can ensure the effective improvement of our teaching resources, diversified sharing and extended development, give full play to the resource advantages of university special disciplines, greatly enhance the core competitiveness of university libraries, and also provide better help for the development and construction of university libraries and intelligent services of schools.3 The Development Status of Teaching Resource Library Construction in Colleges and UniversitiesMany colleges and universities have gradually realized the importance of establishing teaching resource libraries in today's continuous development of intelligent services, but there are still many problems in the actual development and construction. When the teaching resource library of undifferentiated colleges and universities is constructed, it lacks certain education. The core of relevant teaching resources is to be able to help teachers and students to provide better teaching services, and the purpose of establishing teaching resource library is also to provide portable help for teachers and students in colleges and universities. Therefore, in the process of building an efficient teaching resource library, the principle of educationality should always be followed so that teaching resources can be used rationally and better reflect the value of the educational subject. Due to the lack of scientific and reasonable planning and design at the early stage of construction, the development of relevant teaching resources is not deep enough, making the form of teaching resources too single, and the construction management of relevant resources is loose, lacking effective resource audit mechanism, which also causes the phenomenon of lack of teaching resources to occur. Due to the lack of effective management, no unified management specification and construction standard are set when teaching resource library construction is carried out, and the definition of relevant professional resource library is not clear enough. Therefore, when auditing the teaching content, the relevant content, technology and standards of teaching resources do not reach the unified specification, which leads to the teaching resource library not being able to provide better services when carrying out the use. The construction of some teaching resource libraries is not sound enough in terms of system and the lack of investment in related funds makes the research and development team of resource libraries lack professional talents and intermediate technical strength. This is due to the lack of effective propaganda and promotion in the scope ofJournal of International Education and Development87colleges and universities, the lack of sufficient awareness of teachers and students about the construction of the resource base, the lack of participation and attention, resulting in the quality of the teaching resource base has been affected to a certain extent.4 Promoting the Construction of Teaching Resources Library in Colleges and UniversitiesThe construction of a teaching resource base in higher education is a more complex project, therefore, when building the resource base, it is necessary to carry out scientific and systematic planning and gradually carry out in-depth construction. The number of specialties involved in the scope of higher education is large and complex, so how can specialized knowledge points be effectively integrated in the database to facilitate the use of teachers. In the process of developing the resource base, it is necessary to make use of the characteristics of integration and interactivity of information data, take the syllabus and the direction of professional development as the basis, make effective classification and search according to various knowledge points, and establish resource bases of different categories according to certain specifications for different levels and teaching needs of different teachers and students.(1) Getting enough supportSince the teaching resource library involves several disciplines and various teaching resources of teachers and students when carrying out construction, it is necessary to seek more support from schools when carrying out the construction of the resource library and collect and organize data resources through top-down organized planning. We need to develop a practical implementation plan, obtain the support of schools, and clarify the importance of related work, and carry out effective division of labor to ensure the smooth development of the repository construction work.(2) Standardizing the format and collection method of teaching resource dataWhen the construction of teaching resource database is carried out, the corresponding data resources need to be effectively organized, so the format and collection method of data resources have an important impact on the final quality of the database. In the process of conducting the collection of teaching resources, uniform standards must be set and collected and organized according to an effective format for easy preservation. The collection of relevant digital resources should also be organized in a certain disciplinary order, from simple to complicated, and in a gradual manner. For the classroom lectures and courseware test questions used by teachers, they can be organized in a certain format, and the relevant classroom videos and videos, etc., can be classified through specialized disciplines or more detailed entries, and imported into the database in batches.(3) Teaching resource management softwareAfter the corresponding teaching resources are collected and organized, they can be managed by professional software to ensure the normal use of services such as uploading, downloading and sharing of data resources. The teaching resource management software should be able to meet the needs of teachers and students for data organization, collection and format conversion, and match with the characteristics of our teaching resource library. This kind of software can be developed by universities or entrusted to professional data development companies to set up, and after sufficient testing and acceptance, ensure that the software can operate normally and provide support forLixin Wang 88follow-up services.(4) Ensuring effective operation and maintenance teamAfter the construction of the teaching resource library is completed, a certain operation and maintenance team is needed to carry out operation and maintenance of the resource library, to carry out daily inspection of the server, and to backup, restore and troubleshoot the data in daily management. It helps students and faculty to collect and organize more data resources, format conversion, and solve various problems in the use. The relevant operation and maintenance team can carry out certain training work for teachers and students to help them better master the operation of data uploading and management, and carry out teaching for the use of database to help teachers and students better master the use of teaching resource library.5 ConclusionIn the construction of professional teaching resource library, college libraries need to pay attention to the standardized construction which is the basis for the sustainable development of college teaching resource library and the realization of effective sharing of information resources. In the process of construction, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of intellectual property rights and meet the needs of teachers and students for various services, so it is necessary to have a powerful search function. In the construction process, it can make full use of library resources to effectively combine with the specialties of colleges and universities, and effectively integrate the scattered and disorderly teaching resources, so as to effectively provide powerful support for the improvement of teaching quality of colleges and universities.References[1] Xing Chunmei. Research on the Construction of Professional Teaching Resource Library in College Library under theBackground of "Double High Plan"[J]. Information and Computer (Theory Edition),2020,32(24):238-240.[2] Wang Jingjing, Zhu Benjun, Xiao Long. The Evolving Academic Environment and the New Direction of LibraryResource Construction-A Review of the Conference of the Third China-US College Library Cooperation and Development Forum[J]. Journal of University Libraries,2015,33(05):5-11.[3] Lin Lan, Wu Xiaoyin, Fu Ruirui. Field Research Analysis of Library Resource Library Construction in NationalDemonstration High Vocational High Schools: An Example of Four High Vocational High Schools including Ningbo Vocational Technology College[J]. Library intelligence work,2015,59(17):79-83+112.[4] Li Lan, Wang Rongxiang, Ma Li. Discussion on the Construction of Professional Teaching Resources in Libraries ofHigher Vocational Colleges and Universities: An Example of the Construction of Accounting Resources in Suzhou Vocational College of Economics and Trade[J]. Science and Technology Information Development and Economy, 2013,23(23):87-90+112.[5] Li Chen, Hu Yuanyuan. The Organization and Service of Online Teaching Resources in University Libraries Based onVirtual Learning Environment: A Case Study of 985 Universities[J]. Modern Intelligence,2012,32(06):67-71.。
英语文章
This article begins with the problems with the existing analog broadcasting studio in Tianjin TV College, and then combines current advancement in broadcasting studio technology. Finally, it summarizes the features and advantages of broadcasting studio digitalization and digital production equipment. It also provides us with a plan to restructure and update the broadcasting studio to digital grade.Key words: broadcasting studio system; analog; standard definition digital (signal); high definition digital (signal);☐An Analysis of the Social Zoology of University Students’ Community and Its Features☐Abstract: One of the important features of the alteration from traditional campus society to modern university society is that the university students’ commu nity is getting increasingly mature. The condition of the social zoology of university students’ community may have great influence on the students’ character molding, moral tropism, behavior criterion, psychological quality, cultural engraving, and even the future trend of mainstream culture. The social zoology of community is a special and complex system, which results from the mutual effect and harmonious intergrowth of various social aspects: material, system, culture and social psychology. The systematic and profound knowledge and mastery of this particular system not only has a great theoretical significance, but also practically contributes a lot to the survey of the direction of university student affairs reform.☐Key words:university students’commun ity; social zoology；student affairs☐The Exploration of the Essence of Poetry TranslationZhang Guoping☐(Class 1, Grade 2002, Foreign Languages Dept., Nanjing University of Finance & Economics)☐Abstract: No translation of any poem can be excellent if it only expresses the literal meaning. What should be done is to read between the lines and try to convey the implied spirit of the poem. This paper puts its focus on the translation of Chinese poems, emphasizing that good translation should catch the essence of the original verse by picking out four important factors that consist of the essence of poetry translation. It also explains how to grasp the essence of poetry translation by providing some possible methods.☐Key words:poetry translation; image; artistic conception; style; poetic senseThe Contrast in English and Chinese Cultural Thinking Styles and China’s EFL TeachingLiu Hao☐Abstract: Language alone is not enough for successful learning and communication with the target language. The awareness of cultural difference, particularly the differences between English and Chinese cultural thinking styles also plays an important role in EFL teaching. Therefore, the differences between English and Chinese thinking styles and linguistic forms are explored from such perspectives as linear vs. circular, direct vs.indirect, objective vs. subjective, particular vs. general, accurate vs. vague, individualist vs. collectivist, abstract vs. concrete. In the meantime, the possible impact of the differen ces between English and Chinese cultural thinking styles on China’s EFL teaching is discussed in the hope of arousing sufficient attention to differences in cultural thinking styles among English teachers and learners in China’s EFL teaching and learning.☐Key words: cultural thinking style; contrast; English; Chinese; China’s EFL teachingToday many Chinese people want to improve their English in different ways. Some people think that sing songs is a good way to practise their english.And they are glad to show themselves in a big Pop music game.Others think that watch movie,read book also can help them.Besides,you can jion some organization ,like Beijing Speaks Englisb program.If you look hardenough,you'llfind a good way to learn English better.To protect the Gmail and warn users of suspicious activity, Google has used new security features. Google says that they will give a warning to the users who be found used a similar system to prevent fraud. And the new service will help them to find the suspicious one. On the other hand, the IP tracking allows users to get the IP addresses and detect the abroad area, although, the accuracy are wait to be improve. Google won’t lock the users who might share their accounts because of work. Instead of a warning an d prompts, Google’s post will take notes about those users and get feedback from them. Moreover, other advantage of the new feature is that the "Sign out all other sessions" button will help the users to log out to protect their informaWhat is corporate culture?The word "culture" is originally coming from a Latin verb with the meaning of "to cultivate", and alter the meaning during the develop of the society.In nowadays life, corporate culture is described as the personality of a organization or a company. It makes the employees of the same company or the members of the same organization having the same thinking of the way they do things around there.About a decade ago,electronic books are predicted to replace the traditional text books.But now it turn out that these devices are not that good for reading,in spite of their large capacity.On Wednesday, I went to renew the registration for my car and overpaid for my transaction. That night, Mr.Beckford call me and check if I had overpaid. I went down again and recieve the extra $3,000. I thank Mr.Beckford for his integrity and feel very happy to see that there many honest people committed to society.The Old CatAn old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."Jodi Marquette is poor. But on her first venture into the chic art world of New York City, the highly influential gallery owner Morgan Smith rejects all of her lovely bird paintings. Still, from the galleries of Manhattan and elegant beach houses of the Hamptons, in gritty lesbian bars and exclusive private parties, the attraction between the two women is too powerful to resist. Morgan and Jodi come together only to pull apart again, finding both fleeting harmony and tragic misconceptions in one another. In the tradition of Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice, EGRET tells the story of an intelligent, inexperienced young woman who must confront her own insecurities before she can meet a wealthy, powerful older lover on equal ground.《the Little Prince》"the Little Prince" narrates is lonely, the sad child's story, he lives ona young star. One day, he left the star which he lives, starts totravel. He passed through various star, afterwards, he arrived theEarth, finally, he returned to his star.In the travel, the young prince saw the of all forms person in thesociety confused:King, loves the vanity personThe drunkard, for put behind ashamed drinksThe industrialist, only likes calculating the astronomy number typemoney Their only common ground, in the heart fills the vanityIn the travel, the young prince discovered that, the people arethe places which always does not will satisfy oneself lives, they arepursuing happiness with hardship, but actually frequently crudelyhappily expels from the sideHe and the author met one another in the desert, they graduallyhave become the friend. Seeks naive which loses to that, with move.Cinderella (French: Cendrillon) is a well-known classic folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world.The title characteris a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances which suddenly change to remarkable fortune. The word "cinderella" has, by analogy, come to mean one whose attributes are unrecognised, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect. The still-popular story of Cinderella continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, and tropes to a wide variety of media.The husband of aviation engineer Kyle Pratt has just died in Berlin. Now she is flying back to New York with his coffin and their six-year-old daughter Julia. Three hours into the flight Kyle awakens to find that Julia is gone! It's a big double-decker plane, so very concerned mother has a lot of territory to cover in order to find her daughter. But as Kyle fights to discern the truth, she takes matters into her own hands.Life is beautiful:Guido lives in a pre-WWII Italy. He wins over the woman of his dreams with his sense of humor and ability to make any situation positive. They have a son. He teaches his son with the same zest for life. When they are thrown into a concentration camp together, he tells his then 6-year old son that it is a game and if they play by the "rules" and win all the "points" that they will win a real tank. Guido never reveals the horrors of what is really happening all around them.<Curb Your Enthusiasm>>He's got it all: a loving wife, good friends, a successful career, a great home..what could possibly go wrong for Larry David? Seinfeld co-creator Larry David stars as himself in this hilarious, off-kilter comedy series that presents an unflinching, self-depreciating depiction of his life。
翻译
自动检测语言自动检测语言自动检测语言中→ 英英→ 中中→ 日日→ 中翻译结果（英> 中）复制结果双语对照查看* Corresponding author. Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia*通讯作者。
网络地址的电子microbiologiaprotezione迪Applicata, University of Bari, via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy. Tel.: þ39 80 544applicata，巴里大学附近，通过165/70126，巴里，意大利。
电话：þ3980544 2948; fax: þ39 80 544 2911.2948；传真：þ39805442911。
E-mail address: f.minervini@agr.uniba.it (F. Minervini).电子邮件地址：f.minervini@agr.uniba.it（F .梅诺菲尼）。
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect内容列表可在科学Food Microbiology食品微生物学journal homepage: /locate/fm网页：/locate/fm杂志0740-0020/$ – see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.0740-0020/ $–看到前面的问题2009爱思唯尔公司保留所有权利。
doi:10.1016/j.fm.2009.03.008内政部：10.1016/j.fm.2009.03.008自动检测语言中→ 英英→ 中中→ 日日→ 中翻译结果（英> 中）复制结果双语对照查看Fermented goats’ milk produced with selected multiple starters as a potentially发酵山羊'牛奶选用多首先作为一个潜在的functional food功能性食品Fabio Minervini a,*, Maria Teresa Bilancia b, Sonya Siragusa a, Marco Gobbetti a, Francesco Caponio b法比奥梅诺菲尼，*，玛丽亚特蕾莎bilancia乙，索尼娅席拉哥沙，马可·高贝蒂，弗朗西斯科卡波尼奥乙a Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, University of Bari, Bari, Italy一个网络地址的迪protezione电子microbiologiaapplicata，巴里大学，巴里，意大利b Dipartimento di Progettazione e Gestione dei Sistemi Agro-zootecnici e Forestali, Sezione Industrie Agro-alimentari, University of Bari, Bari, Italy乙部设计电子受过系统agro-zootecnici电子绿洲林业庭，工业agro-alimentari，巴里大学，巴里，意大利a r t i c l e i n f o一个是我我我的啊Article history:文章历史：Received 4 September 20084九月2008Received in revised form在修订的形式13 January 200913一月2009Accepted 21 March 200921月2009Available online 27 March 200927月2009在线Keywords:关键词：Fermented goats’ milk发酵山羊奶GABA氨基丁酸ACE-inhibitory activityACE抑制活性Functional功能自动检测语言自动检测语言中→ 英英→ 中中→ 日日→ 中翻译结果（英> 中）复制结果双语对照查看a b s t r a c t一个共和A screening among five lactic acid bacteria, used alone or in combination, led to select a mixed starter筛选五乳酸菌，单独使用或组合使用，导致选择混合起动(Streptococcus thermophilus CR12, Lactobacillus casei LC01, Lactobacillus helveticus PR4, Lactobacillus（嗜热链球菌Cr 12，干酪乳杆菌lc01pr4，瑞士乳杆菌，乳酸菌plantarum 1288) capable to prod uce a fermented goats’ milk containingg-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and1288）能够产生发酵羊奶含有g -氨基丁酸（γ-氨基丁酸）和angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides. The fermented milk was characterized by血管紧张素转换酶（酶）抑制肽。
OBE工程教育理念下的实验教学
国家级基础课程教学基地： 电工电子教学基地
国家级工程实践教育中心： 北京交通大学-郑州铁路局
主要内容
工程教育专业认证的背景 成果导向教育模式的内涵 基于OBE模式的实验教学 实验教学改革的一些体会
工程教育专业认证的背景
这些年中国高等教育做了几件事
教学评估——学校 专业规范——教师 专业认证——学生 专业标准——国家
我国本科工程教育认证历程
历年参加及通过认证专业数量
主要内容
工程教育专业认证的背景 成果导向教育模式的内涵 基于OBE模式的实验教学 实验教学改革的一些体会
成果导向教育模式的内涵
成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,OBE)
按照“学生中心、成果导向、持续改进”的理念，促进 专业教育改革，从教师中心转为学生中心，从知识导向 转向能力导向。 以学生为中心，确定专业培养目标和毕业要求，相应地 配置课程，师资和资源，并通过持续改进保障专业人才 培养质量。
轨道交通控制与安全 下一代互联网互联设备 轨道交通运行控制系统 电磁兼容
国家级实验教学示范中心： 电工电子实验中心 电子信息实验中心
国家级虚拟仿真实验中心： 轨道交通通信与控制实验教学中心
国家级特色专业建设基地： 通信工程专业
自动化类专业
国家级专业综合改革试点： 通信工程专业
国家卓越工程师培养基地： 轨道交通信号与控制专业
成果导向教育模式的内涵
传统工程专业教育—课程导向：从学科出发，强调知识的系统性。 工程教育专业认证—成果导向：从需求出发，强调学生的学习成果。
OBE强调下列5个问题：
※ 我们让学生取得什么样的学习成果？
（目标）
※ 我们为什么要让学生取得这样的学习成果？ （需求）
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Developing the DigiQUAL Protocol for Digital Library Evaluation Martha Kyrillidou Association of Research Libraries 21 Dupont Circle, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 296-2296 martha@arl.org Sarah Giersch Association of Research Libraries 312 Severin St. Chapel Hill, NC 27516 (919) 960-8208
sgiersch@bellsouth.net
ABSTRACT The distributed, project-oriented nature of digital libraries (DLs) has made them difficult to evaluate in aggregate. By modifying the methods and tools used to evaluate traditional libraries’ content and services, measures can be developed whose results can be used across a variety of DLs. The DigiQUAL protocol being developed by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) has the potential to provide the National Science Digital Library (NSDL) with a standardized methodology and survey instrument with which to evaluate not only its distributed projects but also to gather data to assess the value and impact of the NSDL.
Categories and Subject Descriptors J.4 [Computer Applications]: Social and Behavioral Sciences -- economics, psychology, sociology
General Terms Measurement, Human Factors
Keywords Digital Library Service quality; Evaluation; Libraries; Educational Digital Libraries
1. INTRODUCTION As digital libraries (DLs) have evolved, so have the documented efforts of evaluating DL system design, implementation and use. For the most part, early research examined if and how people were using DLs; this data was fed into the design and development cycle. Very little work has been done to evaluate DLs in the context of teaching, learning or research. DL evaluation efforts are hindered by a lack of tools and methodologies such that “the conceptual state-of-the-art of digital library evaluation is not sufficiently developed to start with” [7].
Although they use different metrics and methods of data gathering, traditional libraries evaluate features that are paralleled
in DLs, such as library use, effectiveness of services and patron demographics. Only recently have traditional, primarily academic, libraries begun to consider how to incorporate new measures of digital content and services, which will allow comparisons across different library settings and operations [5]. At the same time, traditional library evaluation “will be made even more complicated as teaching, learning and research become even more integrated with libraries’ resources and services” [3].
The intersection between digital and traditional libraries provides fertile territory for adapting traditional library measures for use in the digital environment. This paper describes the Association of Research Libraries’ (ARL) development of the DigiQUAL protocol for use in the National Science Digital Library (NSDL). DigiQUAL will measure DL service quality by building on the technical experience of, and using a similar mixed-methods design employed in, the LibQUAL+™ protocol, which is used to measure service quality by traditional libraries. NSDL is collecting data about usage and content with standardized methods. Data from the DigiQUAL protocol will provide an additional perspective on NSDL’s relative performance and importance to its users. Ultimately, these combined measures will be used to assess the value and impact of NSDL.
2. CHALLENGES TO EVALUATING NSDL NSDL was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2000 to provide educational resources for science, technology, engineering and mathematics education and to deepen and extend science literacy. Since its inception, NSDL has been challenged to demonstrate its value and impact. Initial efforts by the NSDL Education Impact and Evaluation Standing Committee (EIESC) highlighted how the distributed, project-oriented nature of NSDL posed competing challenges to evaluating NSDL as an entity and evaluating contributions of individual projects [1, 8]. One of the recommended solutions was to develop common methodologies and reporting instruments for sharing data. Recently, the EIESC has undertaken another pilot study to measure usage with standardized methodologies and tools across multiple DLs [4]. The DigiQUAL protocol will provide another standardized methodology and tool set for NSDL.
3. DIGIQUAL DEVELOPMENT Both the LibQUAL+™ and DigiQUAL protocols build on the theoretical foundations of the gap theory of service quality, and in particular, on the SERVQUAL measurement of the gap between customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality.