翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧

1. 重复法(repetition)

2. 增译法(amplification)

3. 减译法(omission)

4. 词类转移法(conversion)

5. 词序调整法(inversion)

6. 分译法(division)

7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation)

8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices)

1. 重复法(repetition)

1.汉语重复,英译时也重复;

2.根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传

达原文的生动性.

3.We have to analyze and solve problems.

4.我们要分析问题，解决问题。

5.Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

6.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。

7.Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.

8.先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。

9.Nels had it all written out neatly.

10.纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。

11.这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。

What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.

2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。

A large family has its difficulties.

3. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。

The sky is blue, blue;

And the steppe wide, wide;

Over grass that the wind has battered low;

Sheep and oxen roam.

4. 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。

(译文1）

Seek, seek; search, search;

Cold, cold; bare, bare;

Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.

Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,

How hard to calm the heart!

（译文2）

I seek but seek in vain,

I search and search again;

I feel so sad, so drear,

So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译）

5. 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。

Green grows the grass upon the bank,

The willow shoots are long and lank.

2. 增译法

为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.

增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。

英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。

从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。

I am looking forward to the holidays.

我们等待假日的到来。

Much of our morality is customary.

我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep;

moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

没有调查研究就没有发言权。

1 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation,

no right to speak.)

2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。”

Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”

3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。

Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。

The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.

(One man may steal a horse, while another

may not look over the hedge.)

6. 班门弄斧

Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe