Importance of New Findings About Charter Schools Argued
江苏高考英语卷子题型
江苏高考英语卷子题型目前,英语写作测试效度的研究多是针对高级写作或学术性写作而展开的,对高考写作的研究很少见到。
下面是店铺为你整理关于江苏高考英语卷子题型的内容，希望大家喜欢!江苏高考英语卷子题型第一卷注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力 (略)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑.例: We last night, but we went to the concert instead,A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study21. If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will22. What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're to be asleep. ,A. supposedB. knownC. thoughtD. considered23. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first.A. whatB. whoC. howD. why24. You are old enough to your own living.A.winB. gainC. takeD. earn25. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless.A. a desert may be dryB. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dryD. dry may a desert be26. The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put downB. put offC. put upD. put away27.- Would you like tea or coffee?- , thank you. I've just had some water.A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. Neither28. I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what IA. was doingB. am doingC. have doneD. had been doing29. He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering.A. sinceB. asC. whenD. than30. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. GatherB. To gatherC. GatheringD. To be gathering31. Bring the flowers into a warm room they'll soon open.A. orB. andC. butD. for32. When the news came the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.A. sinceB. whichC. thatD. because33. a strange plant! I've never seen it before.A. WhichB. WhatC. HowD. Whether34. By the time Jack r eturned home from England, his son. from college.A. graduatedB. has graduatedC. had beenD. had graduated35.- I probably shouldn't have any more cake.-Oh, . It won't kill you.A. go aheadB. hold on, pleaseC. you're welcomeD. that'll do第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各愿所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑.This year I decided to do something to regain my good name as a kindly uncle My 36 Tony; had never forgiven me for the dictionary I had bought him as a birthday present last year His 37 had no reason to be thankful to me either because the year before, I had 38 their dear son with a pot of paste and some funny picture instead of 39 them into a book, Tony had naturally covered every wall in the house with them. This year 40 , 1 decided to let him 41 for himself.We went into a big shop, but Tony was very particular about42 , Although I tried to show him toy after toy, he was not to be43 Then I saw: he suddenly became 44; he had discovered something he really liked: a large tin dram. I was quite happy too 45 I thought what Tony’s mother would say when she saw it. Nobody would get any 46 for weeks! I led Tony away 47 : saying that the dram was too expensive.Tony asked for permission to go off 48 and I made the most of my chance to sit down end 49 my aching feet. Fifteen minutes passed but there was still no sign of Tony I began to get 50 and got up to look for him I asked a young lady if she had seen a little boy in a grey suit. She looked 51 her helplessly and pointed out that there were so many 52 in grey suits. I was just going to call the police for hep. when I saw a strange 53 dressed in strange orange ciothes He was wearing a false beard and had a caveman’s axe in one hand: and a space gun in the other. It was, of course, Tony, who informed me 54 that he was the first 55 tofly into space.36. A. cousin B. daughter C. grandson D. nephew37. A. friends B. parents C. classmates D. brothers38. A. presented B. annoyed C. confused D. occupied39. A. entering B. dividing C. sticking D. drawing40. A. anyhow B. though C. again D. therefore41. A. guess B. choose C. pay D. see42. A. sweets B. toys C. clothes D. books43. A. pleased B. disturbed C. accepted D. disappointed44. A. surprised B. hopeful C. patient D. excited45. A. after B. until C. unless D. since46. A. shock B. trouble C. peace D. time47. A. happily B. eagerly C. cautiously D. quickly48. A. on his own B. in his way C. now and then D. more or less49. A. drag B. rest. C. lay D. step50. A. 8shamed B. angry C. worried D. doubtful51.A. about B. to C. at D. across52. A. young ladies B. new customers C. loving parents D. small boys53. A. figure B. actor C. man D. doll54.A. on time B. at once C. just now D. once again55.A. policeman B. spaceman C. caveman D. postman第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分柏分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑.AI got my first driver’s license in 1953 by taking driver education in my first year at Central High School in charlotte,North Carolina. Four years later when it was time to renew my license I was a married woman Henry and I were living in Batimore, Maryland Two weeks before my 20th birthday. Henry drove me to the motor vehicle office on a hot July afternoon. When I got to the office and showed to the man behind thè counter my North Catroina driver’s license ready to renew, the man told me that I was under age by Maryland law since I was not yet 21. “Mr Henry Smith your husband. to sign for you,” he saidI argued. pointing to a very large belly of mine, “I am married. I am having a baby. Why shoud I have to have someone sign for me to drive?’ He answered coldly, “it’s the law, madam?”Henry encouraged me to calm down, just go ahead and get the license and be done with it.“No” I said. I refused to have him sign for me . So I left without a Maryland license.I called the North Carolina Motor Whice Office and renewed my NC license by mail — using my name Susan Brown And thus it was for the next twelve years. Since Henry was in the army I could drive under my home state licene. By the time Henry left the army we were once again liviing in Maryland and I had to take the Maryland driver’s exam Since then I just go in and renew every four years - sign the name Susan Brown have my new picture taken, and walk out with a license to drive..56. Susan got her first driver's licenseA. before she got married to HenryB. when she was twenty years oldC. after she finished high schoolD. when she just moved to Maryland57. Susan failed to renew her license the first time in Maryland becauseA. she was forbidden to drive by Maryland lawB. she lacked driving experience in MarylandC. she was to give birth to a baby soonD. she insisted on signing for herself58. We can infer from the text that in the U.S.A. American males should serve in the armyB. different states my have different lawsC. people have to renew their licenses in their home statesD. women should adopt their husbands' family names after marriageBAbout 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.Instead, they receive their elementary and high school education by working at home on computers. The center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools” and that is about twice as many as two years ago.The money for students to attend a cybersehool cotes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools ieci money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.Whatever the judgment of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when.necesary.Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students finished studies at West ern Pennsvlvániä Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honour at their graduation.59, What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?A. They have to take long bus rides to school.B. They study at home rather than in classrooms.C. They receive money from traditional public schools.D. They do well in traditional school programs.60. What is a problem with cyberschoois?A. Their equipment co sts a lot of money.B. They get little support from the state government.C. It is hard to know students' progress in learning.D. The students find it hard to make friends.61. Cyberschools are getting popular becameA. they are less expensive for studentsB. their students can work at their own speedC. their graduates are more successful in societyD. they serve students in a wider age range62. We can infer that the author of the text is .A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschoolsB. excited about the future of cyberschoolsC. doubtful about the quality of cyberschooisD. disappointed at the development of cyberschoolsCMany people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile, almost every ear maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor inDetroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: "I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modem engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one."The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals，They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.63. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?A. He made good use of ideas from others.B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts.D. He invented the production line.64. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driving skills.B. To draw public attention.C. To learn about new technology.D. To raise money for his new company.65. “That sale” in Paragra ph 4 refers to .A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesB. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctorD. the sales target for the Ford Company66. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?A. Producing cars for average customers.B. Building racing cars of simple design.C. Designing more car models.D. Starting more companies.DThe Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population. and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home. According to the Coalition’s stu dies, of over two hundred million people living in th Uñited States, up to three million are home!ess—and the number is still growing since the late 1970s, fast rising house prices, large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and or unable to find new affordable homes.According to another research. families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it. The old idea of a homeless person, that of the single man who gets drunk all the time, is no longer true. A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it impossible to find a job, since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application67. The word “address” in the first line probably means .A. talk aboutB. deal withC. fight forD. write to68. How many people are homeless in the U.S. according tothe Coalition studies?A. 39% of the population.B. 200 million people.C. About 3 million people.D. About one-fifth of the population.69. Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because________.A. they have no home addressesB. they mostly have a drinking problemC. they aren't supported by government programsD. they often don't have enough work experience70. What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the U.S.?A. The passing of new housing laws.B. The fast growth of family size.C. The slow construction of houses.D. The ever-rising price of housing.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分l0分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试辽宁卷纯文本
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)英语本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（略）第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例: We last night, but we went to the concert instead,A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study21. If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will22. What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Y ou're to be asleep. ,A. supposedB. knownC. thoughtD. considered23. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first.A. whatB. whoC. howD. why24. Y ou are old enough to your own living.A.winB. gainC. takeD. earn25. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless.A. a desert may be dryB. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dryD. dry may a desert be26. The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put downB. put offC. put upD. put away27.- Would you like tea or coffee?- , thank you. I've just had some water.A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. Neither28. I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what IA. was doingB. am doingC. have doneD. had been doing29. He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering.A. sinceB. asC. whenD. than30. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. GatherB. To gatherC. GatheringD. To be gathering31. Bring the flowers into a warm room they'll soon open.A. orB. andC. butD. for32. When the news came the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.A. sinceB. whichC. thatD. because33. a strange plant! I've never seen it before.A. WhichB. WhatC. HowD. Whether34. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son. from college.A. graduatedB. has graduatedC. had beenD. had graduated35.- I probably shouldn't have any more cake.-Oh, . It won't kill you.A. go aheadB. hold on, pleaseC. you're welcomeD. that'll do第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各愿所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．This year I decided to do something to regain my good name as a kindly uncle. My 36 Tony,had never forgiven me for the dictionary I had bought him as a birthday present last year. His 37 had no reason to be thankful to me either,because the year before, I had 38 their dear son with a pot of paste(浆糊) and some funny pictures. Instead of 39 them into a book, Tony had naturally covered every wall in the house with them. This year, 40 , I decided to let him 41 for himself.We went into a big shop,but Tony was very particular about 42 . Although I tried to show him toy after toy,he was not to be 43 . Then I saw he suddenly became 44 ; he had discovered something he really liked: a large tin dram. I was quite happy too 45 I thought what Tony’s mother would say when she saw it. Nobody would get any 46 for weeks! I led Tony away 47 , saying that the dram was too expensive.Tony asked for permission to go off 48 and I made the most of my chance to sit down end 49 my aching feet. Fifteen minutes passed but there was still no sign of Tony. I began to get 50 and got up to look for him. I asked a young lady if she had seen a little boy in a grey suit. She looked 51 her helplessly and pointed out that there were so many 52in grey suits. I was just going to call the police for help,when I saw a strange 53 dressed in strange orange clothes. He was wearing a false beard and had a caveman’s axe(斧子)in one hand,and a space gun in the other. It was, of course,Tony, who informed me 54 that he was the first 55 to fly into space.36. A. cousin B. daughter C. grandson D. nephew37. A. friends B. parents C. classmates D. brothers38. A. presented B. annoyed C. confused D. occupied39. A. entering B. dividing C. sticking D. drawing40. A. anyhow B. though C. again D. therefore41. A. guess B. choose C. pay D. see42. A. sweets B. toys C. clothes D. books43. A. pleased B. disturbed C. accepted D. disappointed44. A. surprised B. hopeful C. patient D. excited45. A. after B. until C. unless D. since46. A. shock B. trouble C. peace D. time47. A. happily B. eagerly C. cautiously D. quickly48. A. on his own B. in his way C. now and then D. more or less49. A. drag B. rest. C. lay D. step50. A. 8shamed B. angry C. worried D. doubtful51.A. about B. to C. at D. across52. A. young ladies B. new customers C. loving parents D. small boys53. A. figure B. actor C. man D. doll54.A. on time B. at once C. just now D. once again55.A. policeman B. spaceman C. caveman D. postman第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分柏分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．AI got my first driver’s license(执照)in 1953 by taking driver education in my first year at Central High School in Charlotte,North Carolina. Four years later when it was time to renew my license I was a married woman. Henry and I were living in Baltimore, Maryland. Two weeks before my 20th birthday, Henry drove me to the motor vehicle office on a hot July afternoon. When I got to the office and showed to the man behind the counter my North Catrolina driver’s license,ready to renew, the man told me that I was under age by Maryland law since I was not yet 21. “Mr. Henry Smith, your husband, will have to sign for you,” he said.I argued,pointing to a very lage belly(肚子)of mine,”I am married. I am having a baby. Why should I have to have someone sign for me to drive?”He answered coldly, “It’s the law, madam?”Henry encouraged me to calm down,just go ahead and get the license and be done with it “No.” I said. I refused to have him sign for me. So I left without a Maryland license.I called the North Carolina Motor V ehicle Office and renewed my NC license by mail-using my name Susan Brown. And thus it was for the next twelve years. Since Henry was in the army I could drive under my home state license. By the time Henry left the army we were once again living in Maryland, and I had to take the Maryland driver’s exam. Since then I just go in and renew every four years-sign the name Susan Brown,have my new picture taken, and walk out with a license to drive.56. Susan got her first driver's licenseA. before she got married to HenryB. when she was twenty years oldC. after she finished high schoolD. when she just moved to Maryland57. Susan failed to renew her license the first time in Maryland becauseA. she was forbidden to drive by Maryland lawB. she lacked driving experience in MarylandC. she was to give birth to a baby soonD. she insisted on signing for herself58. We can infer from the text that in the U.S.A. American males should serve in the armyB. different states my have different lawsC. people have to renew their licenses in their home statesD. women should adopt their husbands' family names after marriageBAbout 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings. Instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers.The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools.”and that is about twice as many as two years ago.The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learn ing at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.Whatever the judgement of cyberschools,they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation.59, What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?A. They have to take long bus rides to school.B. They study at home rather than in classrooms.C. They receive money from traditional public schools.D. They do well in traditional school programs.60. What is a problem with cyberschoois?A. Their equipment costs a lot of money.B. They get little support from the state government.C. It is hard to know students' progress in learning.D. The students find it hard to make friends.61. Cyberschools are getting popular becameA. they are less expensive for studentsB. their students can work at their own speedC. their graduates are more successful in societyD. they serve students in a wider age range62. We can infer that the author of the text is .A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschoolsB. excited about the future of cyberschoolsC. doubtful about the quality of cyberschooisD. disappointed at the development of cyberschoolsCMany people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did notstart to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile, almost every ear maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: "I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modem engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one."The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals，They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.63. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?A. He made good use of ideas from others.B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts.D. He invented the production line.64. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driving skills.B. To draw public attention.C. To learn about new technology.D. To raise money for his new company.65. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to.A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesB. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctorD. the sales target for the Ford Company66. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?A. Producing cars for average customers.B. Building racing cars of simple design.C. Designing more car models.D. Starting more companies.DThe Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that of over two hundred million people living in the United States,up to three million are homeless—and the number is still growing. Since the late 1970s,fast rising house prices,large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession(经济衰退)have made it impossbile for many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes. According to another research,families with children appear to be thefastest-growing part of the homelesspopulation, making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person,that of the single man who gets drunk all the time,is no longer true. A much lager part of the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it impossible to find a job,since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job applicaton.67. The word “address” in the first line probably means .A. talk aboutB. deal withC. fight forD. write to68. How many people are homeless in the U.S. according to the Coalition studies?A. 39% of the population.B. 200 million people.C. About 3 million people.D. About one-fifth of the population.69. Homeless people often have difficulty f'mding a job becauseA. they have no home addressesB. they mostly have a drinking problemC. they aren't supported by government programsD. they often don't have enough work experience70. What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the U.S.?A. The passing of new housing laws.B. The fast growth of family size.C. The slow construction of houses.D. The ever-rising price of housing.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分l0分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
讲American edcation的六级阅读模拟题
讲American edcation的六级阅读模拟题America's education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and justice.It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers' ，unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28.How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher's performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That's an insult to students.Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.51. What do we learn about America's education system?A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy.B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations.D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools?A) Unqualified teachers.C) Unfavorable learning environment.B) Lack of financial resources.D) Subconscious racial discrimination.53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?A) Assist the city government in reforming schools.C) Demand higher pay for teachers.B) Give constructive advice to inner-city schools.D) Help teachers improve teaching.54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.D) It totally ignores students，initiative in the learning process.正确答案：51[B]【定位】根据题干中的 America's education system 定位至第 1 段。
高考英语阅读理解D篇
高考英语阅读理解D篇2004全国一卷Before a new type of airplane goes into service; every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.The first is called the “tank test". A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure 结构of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air; the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure 压力on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail; the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the plane; the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally; there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines 发动机are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.68. By doing the "tank test"; the engineers can find out _______.A. the amount of air in the planeB. the strength of the plane structureC. the pressure inside and outside the planeD. the power of the airplane engines69. What will happen to the plane under the "tank test"A. It will be broken.B. It will be made stronger.C. It will be filled with water.D. It will be tested by pilots;70. According to the text; why are test flights most dangerousA. The plane may explode in the air.B. The pilot may lose control of the plane.C. The engines may be damaged.D. Too much air may get into the plane.71. What might be the most suitable title for the textA. Two Important Tests on AirplanesB. The Importance of Flying SafelyC. The Danger of Testing AirplanesD. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested2005全国一卷As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows; there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping录像the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger; conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do; the higher the children’s IQ scores;” Lewis says. “And the more children there are; the less question-asking there is.”The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings兄弟姐妹. Lewis found that in families with three or four children; dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child; who has the most to talk about; and the youngest; who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible;” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner; chances are it’s the middle child. ” There is; however; one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on;” Lewis says; “dinner is a non-event.”66. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to ______.A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems67. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because ______.A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family68. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3; Lewis means that middle children ______.A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children69. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question ______.A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life70. Which of the following statements would the writer agree toA. It is important to have the right food for children.B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner2006全国一卷Since my retirement退休from teaching music in 2001; I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died; so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father; or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case; I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes风景画much influenced影响by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason; I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again; but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth; who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However; watercolors remained my first choice; and I think I did my best work there; showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world; and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said; “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”69. What is the text mainly aboutA. Learning to paint in later life.B. How to paint watercolors.C. An artist-turned teacher.D. Life after retirement.70. The author started drawing again in 1995 because .A. he hoped to draw a picture of his fatherB. he couldn’t stop missing his fatherC. he had more time after retirementD. he liked animals and landscapes71. We can infer from the text that the author .A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artistA. Very enjoyable.B.A bit regretful.C. Rather busy.D. Fairly dull.2007全国一卷Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir回忆录of Ralph W. Tyler; who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902; brought up and schooled in Nebraska; the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters; whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927; he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938; when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford; a position he held for fourteen years. There; he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent独立的spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967; he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives目标that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoirA. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 yearsA. the University of Chicago.B. Stanford University.C. Ohio State University.D. Nebraska University.71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year Study2008全国一卷Holidays68. What can you do if you like to go on holidays with petsA. Choose the holiday in Devon.B. Go to the Snowdonia CentreC. Join the World Sea Trip of 2008D. Visit Acapulco and Hawaii69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidaysA. It provides chances of family gatherings.B. It provides customers with good food.C. It offers a sport lesson.D. It offers comfortable room.70. What is special about the World Sea Trip of 2008A. You can have free meals on deck every day.B. You can sleep on a ship and tour many places.C. You will have chances to watch and act in a play.D. You have to do your own packing and unpacking.71. At the Snowdonia Centre; the beginners’ costs of ￡57 do not cover .A. foodB. roomsC. body exercisesD. walking shoes2009全国一卷It’s not easy being a teenager13至19岁青少年-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry; hurt; or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child; just not everything. Except for health and safety problems; such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something; don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist; the more likely that he’ll clean up. Instead ; let him attempt to solve解决things by himself. At the same time; remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy 隐私. Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long; tell him he can talk for15 minutes; but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls; but teaches your teenager moderation节制. Or if you are open to the idea; allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time job68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents .A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably meanA. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenagerA. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone quicklyD. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the textA. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugsB. Give him advice only when necessaryC. Let him have his own telephoneD. Not talk about personal things with him2010全国一卷Science can't explain the power of pets; but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure 血压and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack; reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some; an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress 紧张levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic 算术or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone; with a husband/wife; a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room; people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed 放松around pets; says Allen; who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average; people lost about I1 pounds; or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better; losing an average of 12 pounds; more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but; say researchers; got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.67. What does the text mainly discussA. What pets bring to their owners.B. How pets help people calm down.C. People's opinions of keeping pets.D. Pet's value in medical research.68. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well ifA. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often does mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family69. According to Allen; why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasksA. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.70. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpful2011全国一卷Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby业余爱好：She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden; MS. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants; and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house; its residents arriving next month. Last year; Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because; she said; “The cost of everything is going up and I Was looking to lose a few pounds; too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who; driven by higher living costs and a falling economy经济;have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin;Tex.;some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C.Ball Jr.;owner of a company ;said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40％over last year ;double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of The reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk; together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less; taking fewer vacations; so there is more time to garden.68. What does the word ”residents” in Paragraph l probably refer toA. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying “a win-win situation all around”;Ms. Gartin means that________.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popularA. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There’s a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the textA. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a Hobby2012全国一卷Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle; twinkle; little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning; which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something; additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming; bicycle riding; and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle; twinkle; little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables乘法口诀表are an exception to the general rule. That we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school; because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming突击学习for an examination; though it may result in a passing grade; is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming; a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination; but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning; on the other hand; is really necessary for one's future development.67. What the main idea of Paragraph 1A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.68. The author explains the law of overlearning byA. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples69. According to the author; being able to use multiplication tables isA. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies70. What is the author's opinion on crammingA. It leads to failure in college exams.B. It's helpful only in a limited way.C. It's possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases students' learning interest.2013全国一卷The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entranceLayout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings; and artists include Duccio; Uccello; Van Eyck; Lippi; Mantegna; Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings; and artists include Leonardo da Vinci; Cranach; Michelangelo; Raphael; Bruegel; Bronzino; Titan and Veronest.The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings; and artists include Caravaggio; Rubens; Poussin; Van Dyck; Velazquez; Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings; and artists include Canaletto; Goya; Turner; Constable; Renoir and Van GoghOpening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pmFridays 10anm to 9pmand is free; but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross2-minute walk. Leicester Square3-minute walk;Embankment7-minute walk;and Piccadilly Circus8-minute walk.68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintingsA．The 13th B．The 17th C．The 18th D．The 20th69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shownA．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.70．Which underground station is closest to the National GalleryA．Piccadilly Circus. B．Leicester Square.C．Embankment. D．Charing Cross.2014全国一卷As more and more people speak the global languages of English; Chinese; Spanish; and Arabic; other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact; half of the 6;000-7;000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century; according to the United Nations Educational; Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO.In an effort to prevent language loss; scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin; a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University; who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas; is following in that tradition. His recently published book; A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture; grows out of his experience living; working; and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin; who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India; Nepal; Bhutan; and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs; films; tape recordings; and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now; through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make such documents; for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet; Turin notes; the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer toA. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based onA. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describe Turin’s workA. Write; sell and donate.B. Record; repair and reward.C. Collect; protect and reconnect.D. Design; experiment and report.参考答案：04 BABA 05 CBBDC 06 DBCA 07 CABC 08 ACBD 09 DCAB 10 AACA 11 ABDB 12 ADAB 13 ABD 14 BADC。
2021高中英语一轮复习课标版专题十一 推理判断(试题部分)
专题十一 推理判断探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ2019 第26题,第27题,第31题,第32题 第23题,第24题,第26题, 第27题,第32题,第34题 第25题, 第29题, 第31题, 第34题, 第35题 2018 第25题,第26题,第28题,第32题,第35题 第25题,第27题,第34题 第24题, 第26题, 第28题, 第30题, 第34题 2017 第23题,第24题,第27题,第29题,第30题 第24题,第27题,第29题,第30题,第33题,第34题,第35题 第24题, 第26题, 第27题,第30题,第31题 2016 第24题,第26题,第28题,第32题,第33题 第26题,第28题,第29题,第33题,第34题 第27题,第31题,第33题 2015 第24题,第28题,第33题,第34题,第35题 第21题,第24题,第29题,第30题,第31题 —— 考点内容 要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断,判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的及性格特征,事件发生的前因后果等。
分析解读高考推理判断题主要考查考生:(1)推断隐含意义的能力．．．．．．．．．。
(2)推断作者的观点或态度的能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
(3)推断写作目．．．．．的的能力．．．．。
(4)推断文章出处的能力．．．．．．．．．。
(5)推断上下文内容的能力．．．．．．．．．．。
要求考生在阅读过程中贯通表面意思和内涵,并把已知和未知的信息联系起来,以文章所提供的事实为依据,经过分析思考而形成一定的观点。
考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实,在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推断。
【五年高考】A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:261As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies —like fingerprint scans —to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user ’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people ’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it ’s connected to —regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn ’t require a new type of technology that people aren ’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch ” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be prettystraightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?puters are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.It’ll be environment-friendly.B.It’ll reach consumers soon.C.It’ll be made of plastics.D.It’ll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage2(2019课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:313Before the1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America,usually$8to$10a year.Today$8or$10seems a small amount of money,but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.Accordingly,newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades.In addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.They were dull and visually forbidding.But the revolution that was taking place in the1830s would change all that.The trend,then,was toward the“penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.It meant any inexpensive newspaper;perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight.It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown.However,within a few years,street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities.At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents.But the phrase“penny paper” caught the public’s fancy,and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for“the man on the street” did not begin well.Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures.Publishers already in business,people who were owners of successful papers,had little desire to change the tradition.It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A.Local politicians.mon people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage3(2019课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:329Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate26clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with0~25drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone,who led the team,described the experiment:In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen,a symbol would appear,and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example,the number7would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have9and8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice;if they went for the circle,they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17in this example.After running hundreds of tests,the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time,indicating that they were performing a calculation,not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely,they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing,for example,a13over the sum of8and6.The underestimation was systematic:When adding two numbers,the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two,and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,” Dr.Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A.They fed them.B.They named them.C.They trained them.D.They measured them.2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A.By drawing a circle.B.By touching a screen.C.By watching videos.D.By mixing two drinks.3.What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?A.They could perform basic addition.B.They could understand simple words.C.They could memorize numbers easily.D.They could hold their attention for long.4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.cation.D.Science.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage4(2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:351We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in1997.And MP3players, smartphones,and LCD TVs entered homes in2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in1992to13 in2007.We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the1992to2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:368While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu,a49-year-old Chinese architect,won the2012Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA).His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园)of the university in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves(曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills,forming a unique view.Wang collected more than7million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,said Tadao Ando,the winner of the 1995Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.“Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice.Otherwise,the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty,he said.1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are.A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案1.B2.C3.D4.DPassage6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:290I work with Volunteers for Wildlife,a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However, when it works,it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.When Iarrived,I saw a2-to3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest,I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It’s unexpected.B.It’s beautiful.C.It’s humorous.D.It’s discouraging.答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesn’t sit quietly.Back in1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors,relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches,and so,in effect,was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighborsjust happened to“overhear”the cry.So information was exchanged,but it wasn’t a true,intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin,over150years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater,employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s75-year history.This time,however,the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is30 years old,most of the250seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.He added that the theater’s location(位置)was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However,these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm,which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.After75years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.答案1.B2.D3.C4.BPassage9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:293You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past100years?Jane Addams(1860—1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907—1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular1962book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor(1930—present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in1981,the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913—2005)On December1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,”said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.2.What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O’Connor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案1.A2.C3.D4.CPassage10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:293A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact,they were shot from1914through1916,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest,under freezing water,in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance,a small,tight,Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27men in all,to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in1912but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey,completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger,caught the world’s imagination,and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within100miles of the South Pole in1908,started a business before his1914voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images,most of which have never before been published.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the1914voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案1.D2.C3.CPassage11(2016课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:279If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph3mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.答案1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage12(2016课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:356Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails,Web posts and reviews,face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times’website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more。
高考英语阅读理解D篇
高考英语阅读理解D篇2004全国一卷Before a new type of airplane goes into service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.The first is called the “tank test". A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure (结构) of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure (压力) on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the plane, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines (发动机) are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.68. By doing the "tank test", the engineers can find out _______.A. the amount of air in the planeB. the strength of the plane structureC. the pressure inside and outside the planeD. the power of the airplane engines69. What will happen to the plane under the "tank test"?A. It will be broken.B. It will be made stronger.C. It will be filled with water.D. It will be tested by pilots,70. According to the text, why are test flights most dangerous?A. The plane may explode in the air.B. The pilot may lose control of the plane.C. The engines may be damaged.D. Too much air may get into the plane.71. What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Two Important Tests on AirplanesB. The Importance of Flying SafelyC. The Danger of Testing AirplanesD. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested2005全国一卷As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping(录像) the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.”The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings(兄弟姐妹). Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,”says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are it’s the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.”66. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to ______.A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems67. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because ______.A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family68. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children ______.A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children69. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question ______.A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life70. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children.B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner2006全国一卷Since my retirement(退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenced(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”69. What is the text mainly about?A. Learning to paint in later life.B. How to paint watercolors.C. An artist-turned teacher.D. Life after retirement.70. The author started drawing again in 1995 because .A. he hoped to draw a picture of his fatherB. he couldn’t stop missing his fatherC. he had more time after retirementD. he liked animals and landscapes71. We can infer from the text that the author .A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. Very enjoyable.B.A bit regretful.C. Rather busy.D. Fairly dull.2007全国一卷Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的) spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?A. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?A. the University of Chicago.B. Stanford University.C. Ohio State University.D. Nebraska University.71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year Study2008全国一卷HolidaysA. Choose the holiday in Devon.B. Go to the Snowdonia CentreC. Join the World Sea Trip of 2008D. Visit Acapulco and Hawaii69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays?A. It provides chances of family gatherings.B. It provides customers with good food.C. It offers a sport lesson.D. It offers comfortable room.70. What is special about the World Sea Trip of 2008?A. You can have free meals on deck every day.B. You can sleep on a ship and tour many places.C. You will have chances to watch and act in a play.D. You have to do your own packing and unpacking.71. At the Snowdonia Centre, the beginners’ costs of ￡57 do not cover .A. foodB. roomsC. body exercisesD. walking shoes2009全国一卷It’s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年) -nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clean up. Instead , let him attempt to solve(解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy (隐私). Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time job68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents .A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenagerA. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone quicklyD. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugsB. Give him advice only when necessaryC. Let him have his own telephoneD. Not talk about personal things with him2010全国一卷Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.67. What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their owners.B. How pets help people calm down.C. People's opinions of keeping pets.D. Pet's value in medical research.68. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well ifA. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often does mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family69. According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.70. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpful2011全国一卷Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby(业余爱好)：She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, MS. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I Was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济),have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin,Tex.,some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C.Ball Jr.,owner of a company ,said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40％over last year ,double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of The reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.68. What does the word ”residents” in Paragraph l probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying “a win-win situation all around”，Ms. Gartin means that________.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There’s a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a Hobby2012全国一卷Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after wehave learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. That we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.67. What the main idea of Paragraph 1A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.68. The author explains the law of overlearning byA. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables isA. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies70. What is the author's opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. It's helpful only in a limited way.C. It's possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases students' learning interest.2013全国一卷The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entranceLayout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van GoghOpening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm（Fridays 10anm to 9pm）and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross（2-minute walk）. Leicester Square（3-minute walk）,Embankment（7-minute walk）,and Piccadilly Circus（8-minute walk）.68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?A．The 13th B．The 17th C．The 18th D．The 20th69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?A．Piccadilly Circus. B．Leicester Square.C．Embankment. D．Charing Cross.2014全国一卷As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.参考答案：04 BABA 05 CBBDC 06 DBCA 07 CABC 08 ACBD 09 DCAB 10 AACA 11 ABDB 12 ADAB 13 ABD 14 BADC。
2014考研英语英语语法讲义(全国)(2013年3月修订)
2014考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题课程目的：词汇+语法=句子+句子=文章，故有了语法，解决根本问题。
引言：语法的意义何在（什么是语法）（1997年翻译）On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.（2006年阅读4）happiness more often than not ends in sadness.乐极生悲（2012年翻译）Chomsk y’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.指导：如何解决考研语法：一个核心：谓语三种残缺：非谓语动词to do, doing ,done两种顺序：定语(对于名词的修饰和限制)，状语（对于谓语动词发生状态的修饰和限定：时间、地点、起因，结果！人物，经过是谓语，不是可有可无，）五种从句：在另一个句子里做成分的简单句！从句不能独立存在！主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句五种结构：一.语法核心——谓语（一个核心）1.谓语的意义：（2002 年阅读）Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term.2.谓语判断原则：提示记录区：动词分类1）2）3）英语时态语态一览表： 时间 状态 备注3.谓语判断举例：（1996年翻译）This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.二.非谓语动词（三种残缺） 1. 非谓语动词来源： 非谓语动词 谓语类型谓语来源残缺部分谓语含义非谓语翻译可做成分to do doing done done doing2. 非谓语动词举例： 1）做主语+宾语（2012年翻译）To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.2）定语Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.（2012年阅读TEXT1）4）状语Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it提示记录区：简单句的成分提示记录区：done 和doing 作定语open for another 20 years.（2012年阅读TEXT2）3. to do 的形式用法1）形式主语（2005年翻译）It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.2）形式宾语：（2007年新题型）All these activities can prevent the growth of important communicationand thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.3）that形式主语（2004年阅读TEXT2）It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.4) 强调结构：（2009Text2）It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.三.定语与状语（两种顺序）1. 定语成分与顺序1）定语成分一览表定语成分形容词名词代词分词不定式介词短语定语从句前置定语后置定语2）定语翻译举例举例一：（2011年text1）The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since thesudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.举例二：（1997年text5）Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy toa soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.提示记录区：定语翻译顺序2. 状语分类与顺序1. 状语分类状语分类时间地点原因目的条件让步结果比较方式代表句前分隔主谓之间句尾部分2. 状语成分状语成分状语举例状语位置3.状语的翻译中文状语语序：英语状语语序：4. 条件状语的真伪（虚拟语气）情况条件结果备注现在真实现在虚拟过去真实过去虚拟将来真实将来虚拟真题举例一：（2003年text1）Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession提示记录区：状语翻译顺序提示记录区：介词短语的作用四.五种从句1. 从句概念与分类2. 引导词A.关系代词B.关系副词3. 从句特征一览表从句类型特征引导词举例翻译方式主语从句宾（表）语从句定语从句同位语从句状语从句4. 定语从句的特殊性1）限定性定语从句He likes his father who gives money to him.2）有介词的定语从句举例一（2003年text3）It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroadsin the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.举例二（2003年翻译)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thussubjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.3）使用关系副词的定语从句举例三（2010年text1）It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty toimagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-citynewspapers.举例四(2010年翻译)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.五.五种结构1. 代词指代核心三原则：1. 2. 3.（2012年翻译）Chomsky’s grammar should show pattern s of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.2. 平行比较结构1）平行原则：1. 2.（1995年翻译）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2）比较原则：1. 2.（1995年翻译）Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.3. 省略（1）重复省略1.In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.（2012年TEXT4）2.The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.（2012年TEXT4）3.Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? （2005年TEXT2）（2）简洁省略A B C DB. European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.（2010年TEXT4）C.The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.（2012年TEXT2）D.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.（2012年TEXT1）4. 分隔结构（1）Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term.（2002 年阅读TEXT1）（2）Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. （2012 年阅读TEXT4）（3）And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.（2012 年阅读TEXT1）5. 倒装结构1）部分倒装：a b c（1986年text1）Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.(2009年text3)Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.（1996年text5）And so it does -- and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.2）完全倒装:a. b. c.At the core of this debate was chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.（1997, passage 4）Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. (1998passage 5)。
电大学位英语试题真题（小编整理）
电大学位英语试题真题（小编整理）第一篇：电大学位英语试题真题北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2011.11.05PartⅠReading Comprehension（30%）Directions：There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage：The reflective towers of New York City，which is on the Atlantic migrating（迁徙的）route，can be deadly for birds.“We live in an age of glass，” said urel，an architect.（76）“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.” About 90，000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year.Often，they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks.Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds，after habitat（栖息地）loss，with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year.（77）As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade，so，too，have calls to make them less deadly to birds.San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July.The United States Green Building Council，a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings，will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process.There are no easy fixes，however.A few researchers are exploring glass designs thatuse ultraviolet（紫外线的）signals，but they are still in their infancy.Covers，dot patterns，shades and net are the main options available.Often，only one section of a building needs to be changed.“You don‘t necessarily have to treat every window，” urel said.“It would be too expensive to do the whole building.” The Jacob Convention Center，which has been undergoing alterations，is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes.The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns.1.What is the main idea of the passage？A.New York is a city of glass towers.B.Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds.C.New York adopted new safety standards for buildings.D.Glass towers are a new trend in the United States.2.What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds？A.Climate changeB.Habitat lossck of foodD.Crashing into buildings.innovation can really be taught is “an age-old argument”6.When Google and Facebook were established，the founders were still_____.A.in high schoolB.in the armyC.in primary schoolD.at college7.According to the passage，what is the main purpose of entrepreneurship education？A.To prepare students for future academic lifeB.To prepare students to find opportunities and seize them.C.T o prepare students for overseas career.D.To preparestudent to develop interpersonal skills.8.The word “prototype” in the fourth paragraph is most likely to mean_____.A.modelB.strategyC.methodD.stage9.What does Daniel S.Grennberg think of entrepreneurship education？A.Entrepreneurship，or at least certain elements of it，can be taught.B.An entrepreneurship program can help students find what they really like and entrepreneurship isn…t all about business.C.Entrepreneurship should be spread across different fields.D.Colleges shouldn…t put too much emphasis on entrepreneurship programs.10.What is the main idea of the passage？A.Entrepreneurship courses in business schools.B.Qualities of an entrepreneur.C.Entrepreneurship education in colleges.D.Kids in the information age.Passage 3Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage：Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear，and it can be nearly as powerful.So，in a new paper，two researchers set about trying to find out what the typical American regrets most.In telephone surveys，Neal Rose，a psychologist and professor of marketing at the School of Management at Northwestern Universtiy，and Mike Morrison，a doctoral candidate in psychology at University of Illinois，asked 370 Americans，aged 19 to 103，to talk about their most notable regret.Participants were asked what the regret was，when it happened，whether it was a result of something they did or didn‘t do，and whether it was something that could still be fixed.mon regrets is more important than love and hate.C.Why regret is more important than love and hate.D.How regret has shaped Americans.PartⅡVocabulary and Structure（30%）Directions：In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16.Mr Smith is com ing to visit us soon.We…d better get everything ready before he _______.A.arrivesB.arriveC.will arriveD.arrived17._______yesterday，you would have met Professor Jones.But now he has left for London.A.Did you comeB.Had you comeC.Should you comeD.Were you to come18.The man denied_____ into the neighbor…s garden and ______his cow.A.going……stealingB.going…stoleC.went…stealingD.went…stole19.Ted worked like a horse in his youth，______contributed to his great success later as a businessman.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.which20.A few hours ago，a small suitcase with some important papers _______ stolen from the general manager‘s office.A.isB.areC.wereD.was21.______ on the New World，he felt like ndndedC.To landD.Having landed36.The scientists are trying to find out the facts to _______ their theory.A.supportB.carryC.designD.raise37.The performance of the English team was ________.They played much worse than expected.A.disappointB.disappointingC.disappointedD.to disappoint38.You are welcome to order the goods now.But payment should be made________.A.for advanceB.from advanceC.in advanceD.to advance39.Speak louder so that you can make yourself _______.A.heardB.to hearC.hearingD.have been heard40.Now it won‘t be long before we meet again，________？A.will itB.do weC.won…t weD.does it41.Americans eat______ vegetables per person today as they did in the 1960s.A.more than twiceB.as twice manyC.twice as manyD.more than twice as many42.I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ______I picked up the phone.A.the momentB.sinceC.beforeD.while43.The education of ________ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.A./，/B.the，aC./，theD.the，the44.Dad wondered where I‘d been，and I ________ a story about being at Grandma’sA.made outB.made upC.looked outD.looked up45.Your sister doesn…t study as _______ as you do.A.hardB.hardlyC.harderD.hardestPartⅢ Identification（10%）Directions：Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A，B，C and D.Identify the one that isnot correct.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46.No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.ABCD47.As a graduate from high school，Tom is faced with three choices： attending college，finding aABCInformation on the Internet has made it easier for thieves to steal any information about you.Never 71 your full birth date.Never respond to e-mails 72 personal or financial information.Do not freely offer personal information to anyone 73 you are certain who you are dealing with.74 the necessary precautions（预防措施）is the best way to 75 you and your personal information stay protected.56.A.effectB.effortborD.matter57.A.proudB.trueC.honestD.creative58.A.accountsB.recordsC.directionsD.collectionsplexC.diligentD.elastic60.A.awayB.onC.outD.in61.A.respondB.resignC.restrictD.resemble62.A.numberB.amountC.pileD.piece63.A.withB.forC.aboutD.against64A.turned outB.turned inC.picked outD.picked up65.A.whichB.whileC.becauseD.although66.A.knowingB.readingC.inspecting67.A.impactedB.collectedC.repairedD.isolated68.A.lead toB.result fromC.see offD.make up69.A.outB.aloudC.onceD.twice70.A.resistanceB.statementC.invitaionD.struggle71.A.revealB.reviseC.resembleD.require72.A.threateningB.requestingC.worshippingD.delivering73.A.sinceB.asC.whenD.untiil74.A.ReplacingC.TakingD.Depending75.A.ensureB.separateC.spreadD.switchPart Ⅴ Translation（20%）Section ADirections： In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese.These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension.You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.76.It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.79.比方说，人的文化程度越低，对教育方面的遗憾就越强烈。
GMAT写作素材
GMA T Issue 写作官方题库第一类：环境保护与能源保护002 “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world‟s energy resources for future generati ons.”013 “Resp onsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”041 “The best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose penalties—whether fines, imprisonment, or other punishments—on those who are most responsible for polluting or otherwise damaging it.”042 “Sc ientists are continually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to eachnewrecommendation until those recommendations become government regulati ons.”047 “The primary responsibility for preventing environmental damage belongs togovernment, not to individuals or private industry.”091 “Government should establish regulations to reduce or eliminate any suspected health hazards in the environment, even when the scientific studies of these health hazards are incomplete or contradictory.”141 “Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for every one. ”第二类：建筑、历史建筑以及考古016 “Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today‟s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today‟s society.”078 “Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society‟s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.”In your opinion, which is more important—preserving historic buildings or encouraging modern development? Explain your position, using reasons and examples based on your own experiences, observations, or reading.083 “We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shapeus.”105 “All archaeological treasures should remain in the country in which they were originally discovered. These works should not be exported, even if museums in other parts of the world are better able to preserve and display them.”137 “So me people claim that in order to protect national parks and historical sites, public access to them should be greatly restricted. Others argue that there should be few restrictions, if any, because such places were intended for everyone to use.”第三类：大众传媒、信息、娱乐001 “In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.”In your view, to what extent should government or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position.015 “Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit children‟s access to adult material on the Internet.”**The Internet is a worldwide computer network.028 “Bec ause businesses use high-quality advertising to sell low-quality products, schools should give students extensive training in how to make informed decisions before making purchases.”032 “Y ou can tell the ideas of a nation by itsadvertisement s.”044 “All companies should invest heavily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or servi ce.”054 “Popu lar entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests. Superficiality, obscenity, and violence characterize films and television today because those qualities are commercially successful.”085 “Advertising is the most influential and therefore the most important artistic achievement of the twentieth century.”086 “Whe ther promoting a product, an event, or a person, an advertising campaign is most effective when it appeals to emotion rather than to reason.”107 “Peop le are overwhelmed by the increasing amount of information available on the computer. Therefore, the immediate goal of the information technology industry should be to help people learn how to obtain the information they need efficiently and wisely.”134 “Although many people object to advertisements and solicitations that intrude into their lives through such means as the telephone, the Internet, and television, companies and organizations must have the right to contact potential customers and donors whenever and however they wi sh.”138 “So me people claim that the growth of mass media has stifled intellectual curiosity. Others, however, argue that the availability of so much information and entertainment has encouraged individuals to expand their intellect and creativity.”145 “The increasing popularity of video games and the Internet suggests that consumers now want a more interactive entertainment experience than books, movies, and television can provi de. ”148 “Despite the violence and stereotypes present in many popular forms of entertainment created for children （such as books, movies, and video games）, we should still allow children to experience this kind of entertainment.”149 “Po rtrayals of violence have proven commercially successful in television programs, movies, songs, and other forms of popular entertainment. Therefore, those who create popular entertainment should continue to incorporate violence into their product s. ”第四类：成功006 “There is only one definition of success—to be able to spend your life in your own way.”011 “When someone achieves greatness in any field—such as the arts, science, politics, or business—that person‟s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”012 “Edu cation has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in lif e.”029 “Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about result s.”What do you think this piece of advice means, and do you think that it is, on the whole, worth following? Support your views with reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.039 “It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal lif e.”049 “Ask most older people to identify the key to success, and they are likely to reply …hard work.‟Y et, I would tell people starting off in a career that work in itself is not the key. In fact, you have to approach work cautiously—too much or too little can be self-defeating.”052 “Succe ssful individuals typically set their next goal somewhat—but not too much—above their last achievement. In this way, they steadily raise their level of aspirati on.”081 “No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or…get rich‟ in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking.”094 “If parents want to prepare their children to succeed in life, teaching the children self-discipline is more important than teaching them self-esteem.”102 “An advanced degree may help someone get a particular job. Once a person begins working, however, the advanced degree and the formal education it represents are rarely relevant to success on the j ob.”第五类：教育023 “Schoo ls should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values.”037 “S ince science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”062 “What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Eart h.”What do you think of the view of education expressed above? Explain, using reasons and/or specific examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.098 “In order to accommodate the increasing number of undergraduate students, colleges and universities should offer most courses through distance learning, such as videotapedinstruction that can be accessed through the Internet or cable television. Requiring students to appear at a designated time and place is no longer an effective or efficient way of teaching most undergraduate course s.”099 “If a nation is to ensure its own economic success, it must maintain a highly competitive educational system in which students compete among themselves and against students from other countries.”122 “Schoo ls should not teach specialized information and techniques, which might soon become outdated. Instead, schools should encourage a more general approach to learni ng.”125 “Formal education should not come to an end when people graduate from college. Instead, people should frequently enroll in courses throughout their lives.”135 “In business courses, professors should teach only factual information and skills, not ethics.”139 “So me experts maintain that students learn best in a highly structured environment, one that emphasizes discipline, punctuality, and routine. Others insist that educators, if they are to help students maximize their potential, ought to maintain an atmosphere of relative freedom and spontaneity.”Explain your position on the issue of structure versus freedom in an ideal learning environment. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第六类：科技020 “In this age of automation, many people complain that humans are becoming subservient to machines. But, in fact, machines are continually improving our lives.”087 “As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to busines s.”111 “Bec ause of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present tim e.”114 “Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together.”第七类：历史043 “The most important reason for studying history is not that knowledge of history can make us better people or a better society but that it can provide clues to solving the societal problems that we face today.”089 “The study of history is largely a waste of time because it prevents us from focusing on the challenges of the present.”第八类：建议、忠告007 “The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it.”055 “Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity.”073 “Peop le often give the following advice: “Be yourself. Follow your instincts and behave in a way that feels natural.”Do you think that, in general, this is good advice? Why or why not? Develop your point of view by giving reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第九类：社会问题059 “Juvenile crime is a serious social problem, and businesses must become more involved in helping to prevent it.”101 “The automobile has caused more problems than it has solved. Most societies would probably be much better off if the automobile had never been invent ed.”126 “Laws pertaining to relatively minor crimes must be vigorously enforced if a society hopes to stop more serious crimes.”140 “The primary responsibility of citizens is to obey their nation‟s civil and criminal laws. ”142 “Lying should be avoided primarily because it harms people‟s ability to live together in society. ”第十类：社会、国家096 “In order to understand a society, we must examine the contents of its museums and the subjects of its memorials. What a society chooses to preserve, display, and commemorate is the truest indicator of what the society values.”104 “The value of any nation should be measured more by its scientific and artisticachievements than by its business successe s.”130 “We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at wor k.”第十一类：政府、政府组织022 “Cl early, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to produce anything of value, government must place no restrictions on the art that is produced.”046 “Bus inesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, butbureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.”061 “E ven at its best, a government is a tremendous burden to business, though a necessary one.”063 “As government bureaucracy increases, citizens become more and more separated fromtheir government.”113 “It is essential that the nations of the world increase spending on the building of space stations and on the exploration of other planets, even if that means spending less on other government program s.”116 “A government should provide funding for the arts, but only for those artistic works that reflect the values and attitudes of the majority of the populati on.”131 “Governments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed most of the responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulati ons.”147 “Bec ause it is in the best interests of a society to promote integrity and moral behavior, governments should censor television and radio programs for offensive language and behavior. ”第十二类：人权、人性004 “Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most.”*manifestations: apparent signs or indicators040 “With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”057 “Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another‟s differences.”065 “The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity.* Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappeari ng.”* homogeneity: sameness, similarity074 “The people we remember best are the ones who broke therules.”075 “There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear.”077 “Although …geni us‟ is difficult to define, one of the qualities of genius is the ability to transcend traditional modes of thought and create new ones.”Explain what you think the above statement means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this definition of genius. In your discussion, be sure to include at least one example of someone who, in your opinion, exemplifies genius or a particular characteristic of genius.080 “As individuals, people save too little and borrow toom uch.”From your perspective, how accurate is the view expressed above? In your discussion, be sure to consider the conditions under which it is appropriate to save money and the conditions under which it is appropriate to borrow. Develop your position using reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.082 “Bus iness and government must do more, much more, to meet the needs and goals of women in the workpl ace.”088 “Each generation must accept blame not only for the hateful words and actions of some of its members but also for the failure of other members to speak out against those words and acti ons.”097 “In business, more than in any other social arena, men and women have learned how to share power effectively.”103 “Most people today place too much emphasis on satisfying their immediate desires. The overall quality of life would be greatly improved if we all focused instead on meeting ourlong-term needs.”112 “In most fields—including education, politics, and business—the prevailing philosophy never stays in place very long. This pattern of constantly shifting from one theoretical position to another is an inevitable reflection of human nature: people soon tire of the status qu o.”118 “People‟s loyalty to political parties and political leaders significantly hinders their ability to form their own opinions about an issue.”121 “Whe ther people accept or reject an idea depends more on the way it is presented to them than on the merits of the idea itself.”第十三类：工作与生活009 “E mployees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workpl ace.”030 “Co mpanies benefit when they discourage employees from working extra hours or taking work home. When employees spend their leisure time without …produci ng‟something for the job, they will be more focused and effective when they return to wor k.”067 “Work greatly influences people‟s personal lives—their special interests, their leisureactivities, even their appearance away from the workplace.”第十四类：商业产品010 “In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.”066 “Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for whatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury.”070 “So long as no laws are broken, there is nothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create new product s.”084 “A bus iness should not be held responsible for providing customers with complete information about its products or services; customers should have the responsibility of gathering information about the products or services they may want to buy.”090 “Peop le often complain that products are not made to last. They feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources. What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the consumer and stimulate dem and.”Which do you find more compelling: the complaint about products that do not last or the response to it? Explain your position using relevant reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十五类：商业发展056 “The s ecret of business is to know something that nobody elseknow s.”058 “What is the final objective of business? It is to make the obtaining of a living—the obtaining of food, clothing, shelter, and a minimum of luxuries—so mechanical and so littletime-consuming that people shall have time for other things.”—A business leader, circa 1930 071 “Co mmercialism has become too widespread. It has even crept into schools and places of worship. Every nation should place limits on what kinds of products, if any, can be sold at certain events or places.”100 “In order to force companies to improve policies and practices considered unethical or harmful, society should rely primarily on consumer action—such as refusal to buy product—rather than legislative acti on.”第十六类：商业管理003 “Corpo rations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A …fl at‟organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”005 “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work do ne.”014 “Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitles s.”018 “If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.”019 “Some employers who recruit recent college graduates for entry-level jobs evaluate applicants only on their performance in business courses such as accounting, marketing, and economics. However, other employers also expect applicants to have a broad background in such courses as history, literature, and philosophy.”021 “Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”024 “A po werful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official.”025 “The be st strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capablepeople and give them as much authority as possibl e.”026 “Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a business‟s success. The importance of location is not likely to change, no matter how advanced thedevelopment of computer communications and others kinds of technology becomes.”027 “A company‟s long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company‟s employees.”033 “Peop le are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability toperform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.”035 “Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short-sighted motives. We are so concerned with immediate results and short-term goals that we fail to lookbeyond them.”Assuming that the term “bu siness relati ons”can refer to the decisions and actions of any organization—for instance, a small family business, a community association, or a largeinternational corporation—explain the extent to which you think that this criticism is valid. In your discussion of the issue, use reasons and/or examples from your own experience, your observation of others, or your reading.036 “Bus inesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things don e.”045 “The most effective way for a business person to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.”048 “In matching job candidates with job openings, managers must consider not only such variables as previous work experience and educational background but also personality traits and work habits, which are more difficult to j udge.”What do you consider essential in an employee or colleague? Explain, using reasons and/or examples from your work or work-like experiences, or from your observations of others.050 “How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?”051 “The presence of a competitor is always beneficial to a company. Competition forces a company to change itself in ways that improve its practices.”060 “Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees‟ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees‟ permission.”064 “The goal of business should not be to make as big a profit as possible. Instead, business should also concern itself with the well-being of the public.”068 “S ince the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designe d.”069 “The most important quality in an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees.”072 “Companies should not try to improve employees‟performance by giving incentives—for example, awards or gifts. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well.”076 “For a leader there is nothing more difficult, and therefore more important, than to be able to make decisi ons.“092 “Employees should show loyalty to their company by fully supporting the company‟smanagers and policies, even when the employees believe that the managers and policies are misguided.”093 “To be successful, companies should trust their workers and give them as much freedom as possible. Any company that tries to control employees‟ behavior through a strictsystem of rewards and punishments will soon find that such controls have a negative effect on employee morale and, consequently, on the company‟s success.”095 “Companies are never justified in employing young children, even if the child‟s family would benefit from the income.”106 “The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whol e.”108 “E mployees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly.”109 “All personnel evaluations at a company should be multidirectional—that is, people at every level of the organization should review not only those working …under‟ them but also those working …over‟ them.”110 “The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standar ds.”115 “All employees should help decide how the profits of their company or business should be use d.”117 “The well-being of a society depends more on the success of small businesses than on the success of a few large, high-profile corporations.”119 “It makes no sense for people with strong technological skills to go to college if they know that they can earn a good salary without a college degree.”120 “Co mpanies should not allow the trend toward informality in dress and conduct at the workplace to continue; formality in dress and behavior helps create a more disciplined and productive work environment.”123 “The current trend of moving frequently from company to company has negative consequences: it causes instability in the workplace and, as a result, instability in society. Therefore, companies should require employees to make a long-term commitment to the organizati on.”124 “The most effective leaders are those who can solve complex problems by finding simple, immediate soluti ons.”127 “In general, a company‟s most valuable employees are those who are concerned morewith efficiency than with quality.”128 “Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”129 “When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate‟s résuméand education. Personalinterviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person‟s qualifications for a job.”132 “In any business or other organization, it is better to have managers with strongleadership skills than managers with expertise and work experience in a particular fiel d.”133 “Employees should not be asked to provide formal evaluations of their supervisor because they have little basis for judging or even understanding their supervisor‟s performance.”136 “In some companies, employees are allowed to express their feelings and opinions about the company by sending electronic messages to everyone in the company. In other companies, this type of communication is strictly prohibit ed.”What restrictions, if any, do you think companies should place on employees‟electronic communications? Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十七类：其他（货币制度、公共服务等）008 “For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the。
论点类英语作文
The Impact of Technology on Education: ACritical AnalysisIn the modern era, technology has revolutionized every aspect of our lives, and education is no exception. The integration of technology into the educational system has brought about significant changes, both positive and negative. While advocates of technological advancements argue that it enhances learning experiences and improves student outcomes, critics argue that technology can be a distraction and may not always lead to better learning outcomes. This essay aims to provide a critical analysis of the impact of technology on education, weighing the pros and cons and offering insights into how technology can be effectively utilized to enhance learning.**The Positive Impact of Technology on Education**Firstly, technology has greatly expanded access to education. With the advent of online learning platforms and virtual classrooms, students from remote areas and disadvantaged backgrounds now have the opportunity to access quality education. Online courses and resources provide flexibility and convenience, enabling students tolearn at their own pace and schedule. Additionally, technology has enabled teachers to create interactive and engaging lessons that stimulate student interest and foster active learning. Digital tools like Smartboards,interactive games, and simulation software make learning more fun and engaging, thus improving student engagement and motivation.Moreover, technology has transformed the way students learn and process information. With the help of digital tools and resources, students can now access a wealth of information instantly, enabling them to conduct research, analyze data, and solve problems more efficiently. Technology also promotes collaborative learning, as students can work together in online groups, share ideas and resources, and learn from each other's perspectives. This collaborative approach to learning fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills, preparing students for the challenges of the future.**The Negative Impact of Technology on Education**However, despite the numerous benefits of technology in education, there are also concerns about its negativeimpacts. Firstly, the overuse of technology can be a distraction, leading to decreased attention spans and a lack of focus. Students may become easily distracted by social media, video games, and other online distractions, affecting their ability to concentrate on academic tasks. Additionally, the constant flow of information and the instant gratification of online learning can lead to a lack of depth and understanding. Students may skim through materials without fully comprehending the concepts and principles involved.Moreover, the reliance on technology can erode the social and emotional aspects of learning. Face-to-face interaction and communication are crucial for building relationships, fostering trust, and developing social skills. However, with online learning, students may miss out on these important social experiences, leading to isolation and a lack of emotional support.**Effective Utilization of Technology in Education**To harness the potential of technology in education, it is essential to strike a balance between its positive and negative impacts. Teachers should utilize technology as atool to enhance learning experiences, rather than as a replacement for traditional teaching methods. Digital tools should be integrated into lesson plans to createinteractive and engaging learning environments that stimulate student interest and foster active learning.Additionally, students need to be educated about the responsible use of technology. They should be encouraged to use technology as a tool to enhance their learning, rather than as a distraction. Teachers and parents should monitor and guide students' online activities to ensure that they are using technology appropriately and responsibly.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on education, bringing about both positive and negative changes. While it has expanded access to education, improved learning experiences, and fostered collaborative learning, it has also led to distractions, a lack of depth in learning, and eroded social and emotional aspects of education. To harness the full potential of technology in education, it is crucial to strike a balance between its benefits and drawbacks, integrating it into teaching methods responsibly and effectively. By doing so, we canensure that technology becomes a powerful tool for enhancing learning outcomes and preparing students for the challenges of the future.**科技对教育的影响：深度分析**在现代，科技已经彻底改变了我们生活的每一个方面，教育也不例外。
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Importance of New Findings About Charter Schools Argued(1/2)
A new school year is beginning in the United States. And, with it, comes new
debate about charter schools, these are publicly financed, but privately
operated schools.
Charter schools can be found in most of fifty states and Washington D.C.. The
Department of Education says more than one million students attend charter
schools, that compares to almost fifty million in traditional public schools.
A charter school might be fully independent or connected to the local school
system. It might be operated by
a non-profit group or a profit-making company. In any case, charter schools do
not have to follow all of the same rules as traditional public schools. They have
greater freedom to decide what to teach and how to teach. Class sizes may be
smaller in charter school, but the teachers often have less power through
Unions than in traditional schools.
The Bush administration supports charter schools as a choice for parents whose
local schools are bad. But some educational officials, parent groups and Unions
argue that the money spent on charter schools could help traditional schools
improve.
Critics say studies so far have not shown enough gains for charter schools to
justify the possible loss of resources from traditional schools.
They say a study released last week but education department only strength
their arguements.
Suporters of charter schools,however, found much to criticize in the study.
The study used test scores from the 2003 National Assessment of Educatioanl
Progress.
The researchers compared the scores of four grades students in charter schools
with those in traditional public schools.
The traditional schools had a average score five points higher in reading and
almost six points higher in mathemetics than the charter schools.
But the study show that charter school connected with a public school system
performed about the same as traditional schools.
Fully independent charter schools had lower scores by comparison.
Supporters of charter schools say the results show nothing about students'
progress over time or about the individual schools.
And they say charter school students may not do well on tests because they
came from terrible on traditional schools.