从社会语言学角度思考女性语言的特点_英文_
社会语言学视阈下的英语语言性别差异现象分析
社会语言学视阈下的英语语言性别差异现象分析社会语言学视阈下的英语语言性别差异现象分析语言与性别之间的关系一直受到众多学者的关注和研究,它的产生是一篇极具影响力的文章《语言和妇女地位》引发的,自二十世纪六十年代开始,在美国社会语xxxx言学发展壮大起来,它是社会学和语言学的交叉学科。
同时,由于女性主义的诞生,更多的关注于语言与性别的文章涌现出来,语言性别差异的现象越来越引起人们的重视,掀起一股研究热潮。
经过几十年的发展,西方语言在性别差异这方面取得较大进展,对语言性别差异现象的研究也更科学合理地深入解释了错综复杂的语言现象,不仅丰富了语言变异理论的内涵,还提高了语言研究的准确性。
因此,通过对英语语言性别差异现象的研究和分析,有助于帮助我们了解不同性别在英语语言使用方面的异同,以及语言与社会价值观念、文化差异等因素之间的联系。
一、英语语言性别差异的含义英语语言性别差异是指英语在使用过程中,由于使用者的性别不同,导致使用的英语语言也存在差异,因性别不同所使用的语言形式、表达方法和词汇都不尽相同,它是在语言分析的基础上建立的一种语言性别模式,揭示了语言与性别之间的关系。
英语语言性别差异现象是社会发展的进步,它的产生体现了社会对人文的关注与关怀,从社会语言学的角度来说英语语言性别差异的存在已成为新兴的语言学研究对象,也慢慢发展成为一种社会语言学语体应用于不同领域。
二、英语语言性别差异现象的具体表现（一）在英语词汇方面的表现：（1）女性偏好使用带有色彩性的词语。
一般认为,女性对于色彩词汇的习得能力及使用频率高于男性,这是基于一般女性对色彩的喜好程度比男性要强的社会现象。
在英语语言中,关于色彩的基本词汇有红（red）、黄（yellow）、蓝（blue）、绿（green）、橙（orange）、黑（black）、白（white）、灰（grey）等。
各种色彩在语言中具有不同的象征意义,会给人带来不同的感受。
女性由于对美的外在形式比较在意,感受比男性深刻,因此,她们乐于使用带有色彩性的词汇。
方案-社会语言学视阈下的英语语言性别差异现象分析
社会语言学视阈下的英语语言性别差异现象分析'学视阈下的语言性别差异现象分析\xa0语言与性别之间的关系一直受到众多学者的关注和研究，它的产生是一篇极具影响力的文章《语言和妇女地位》引发的，自二十世纪六十年代开始，在美国社会语联盟言学壮大起来，它是社会学和语言学的交叉学科。
同时，由于女性主义的诞生，更多的关注于语言与性别的文章涌现出来，语言性别差异的现象越来越引起人们的重视，掀起一股研究热潮。
经过几十年的发展，西方语言在性别差异这方面取得较大进展，对语言性别差异现象的研究也更科学合理地深入解释了错综复杂的语言现象，不仅丰富了语言变异理论的内涵，还提高了语言研究的准确性。
因此，通过对英语语言性别差异现象的研究和分析，有助于帮助我们了解不同性别在英语语言使用方面的异同，以及语言与社会价值观念、差异等因素之间的。
一、英语语言性别差异的含义英语语言性别差异是指英语在使用过程中，由于使用者的性别不同，导致使用的英语语言也存在差异，因性别不同所使用的语言形式、表达方法和词汇都不尽相同，它是在语言分析的基础上建立的一种语言性别模式，揭示了语言与性别之间的关系。
英语语言性别差异现象是社会发展的进步，它的产生体现了社会对人文的关注与关怀，从社会语言学的角度来说英语语言性别差异的存在已成为新兴的语言学研究对象，也慢慢发展成为一种社会语言学语体于不同领域。
二、英语语言性别差异现象的具体表现（一）在英语词汇方面的表现：（1）女性偏好使用带有色彩性的词语。
一般认为，女性对于色彩词汇的习得能力及使用频率高于男性，这是基于一般女性对色彩的喜好程度比男性要强的社会现象。
在英语语言中，关于色彩的基本词汇有红（red）、黄（yellow）、蓝（blue）、绿（green）、橙（orange）、黑（black）、白（white）、灰（grey）等。
各种色彩在语言中具有不同的象征意义，会给人带来不同的感受。
女性由于对美的外在形式比较在意，感受比男性深刻，因此，她们乐于使用带有色彩性的词汇。
英语语言中女性地位体现及语言特点研究
校园英语 / 语言文化英语语言中女性地位体现及语言特点研究四川音乐学院/施维【摘要】语言是社会的一面镜子，反映出风俗习惯和人们的观点意识。
英语语言文化之间也存在着巨大的差异，这些差异具体表现在语音、语义、语法等方面。
英语作为一种国际上的通用语言，对于它在语言研究中，位置颇为重要。
同时，大家一直比较关注的是女性在英语语言中的地位，本文基于此对英语语言中女性地位体现及语言特点进行研究，希望能够有所帮助。
【关键词】英语语言 女性地位 语言特点 研究语言是人类思想沟通的工具，自古以来应该是没有太多的差异，但是在近代，由于封建残留的思想，导致在语言领域也出现了分歧，对于男尊女卑的年代所产生的后果对后世的影响也很深远。
一般来说，女性对于语言的理解和把握更是细腻和准确，使用的语言也是标准的礼貌用语，但是对于男性来说，则相反。
一、英语语言中女性地位现状分析长期以来，在英语语言中，容易看见性别歧视，女性地位的不同造成的一种扭曲状态。
而英语语言中，可以通过英语单词的构成和称谓、语法结构还有词语的意思之间构成女性受到歧视的现象。
1.从单词构成分析。
在英语中，很多的男性词汇相对来说都是较为固定的，但是特制女性的词汇一般会在男性词汇的基础上添加一定的后缀或者前缀来完成意思的表达，可是这样就透露出对女性的不对等现象。
比如说：男人male，女人female；男主人host，女主人hostess，还有在职业词汇上，如policeman，chairman，salesman等，都在一定程度上反映出在造词开始的时候，对于女性的考虑是比较简单，只是在后面或者前面随意加上前缀和后缀，换句话来说，女性不当在现实中作为男性的附庸，甚至就连在用词上也是附属，并没有将其作为平等地位来对待。
2.从人际称谓上分析。
在英语中，女性对于自己的上司称谓，如sir，Mr，不可以用随意的用daring等比较亲昵的称谓，来称呼上司，但是反过来，却是可以用较亲切的称呼，如Sweetie还有sugar等，如果有女性上司对于自己的下属，也不能随意的去称呼，这些都是在细节上显示出女性在英语语言中处于劣势的地位，这个微不足道虽然只是英语语言中小习惯，但是具体的表现在日常的生活中还是随处可见。
从社会语言学角度浅谈英语语言性别差异
从社会语言学角度浅谈英语语言性别差异作者：甘露来源：《青年生活》2019年第18期摘要：性别差异对语言的影响是社会语言学研究的主要内容。
本文从社会语言学的角度出发，论述了性别差异在英语语言使用中的表现，并分析了导致差异的原因，从而帮助英语学习者了解英语语用中的性别差异，避免交际中产生误解。
关键词：社会语言学;英语语言;性别差异引言语言与社会是紧密联系的，在社会交往中需要使用语言，同时各种社会因素在语言的发展和演变过程中也起着非常关键的作用。
不同的年龄、性别、教育和职业等因素都会影响语言的使用。
社会语言学就是从社会的角度来研究语言的使用，侧重研究社会因素对语言使用的影响。
20世纪60年代以来，社会语言学在语言性别差异现象的研究领域取得了显著成就。
不同性别的语言使用者在语音语调、词汇句法、话题选择和会话策略等方面都存在着明显的差异。
通过对英语语言性别差异的研究，有助于英语学习者了解不同性别在英语语言习得方面的异同，从而更好地运用英语，减少跨文化交际中的误解。
性别差异在语言上的表现社会语言学的研究表明男女两性在语言使用时表现出明显的差异，以下主要从语音语调、词汇句法、话题选择三个方面来分析性别差异带来的语言差异。
语音语调的差异在语音方面，一般来说，女性对语音有更高的敏感度，与男性的发音相比，更加规范，更接近标准发音（RP）。
而男性更倾向于使用非标准音，并不太注重细节变化。
在语调方面，女性喜欢使用升调，语调变化较多。
而男性偏爱使用平调和降调，并且没有太多语调变化。
语音语调的差异在一定程度上反映了男女性格特点的差异。
女性丰富的语调变化正表现出女性的情感丰富，礼貌委婉，同时也显得犹豫不决，缺乏信心。
而男性平淡的语调也反映出男性的果断、自信和大男子主义。
在很大程度上，男女在语音语调的选择上受到性格特点和社会地位等因素的影响。
词汇选择的差异（1）颜色词的选择由于女性对色彩和审美具有天生的认知优势，加上女性更加追求潮流时尚，因此与男性相比，女性对颜色词汇更为敏感。
社会语言学视域下性别因素在英语话语中的体现
社会语言学视域下性别因素在英语话语中的体现[摘要] 性别差异作为一种普遍存在的社会现象,在语言中得到了体现:在英语交际中,男女两性在话语语言形式方面和话语风格方面存在着很大的差异。
本文从社会语言学的角度出发,讨论了英语中性别差异在语音语调、词汇句法、言语交际等方面的具体表现。
[关键词] 性别差异话语影响一、引言语言是一种复杂的社会现象,从上个世纪60年代起,社会语言学蓬勃发展,英语交际中性别差异的研究成为社会语言学研究的一个重要课题。
美国语言学家Elaine Chaika(1982)把语言形象地比作反映杜会的一面镜子,无论在哪个时代,人们都可从中窥视出人类社会生活的方方面面。
社会人类学家早就注意到语言的性别差异问题。
性别角色是社会活动的产物,是社会关系和社会结构的体现,男女劳动分工的不同造成了男女在言语表达形式和风格的很大不同。
Lakoff(1989))对造成这些差异的原因的解释是:社会不平等,男人具有权力,包括政治权力和社会权力,而女人依附于男人,只是处于从属地位。
本文从语言形式结构和话语风格两方面入手,探讨性别差异对英语话语的影响。
二、性别差异对语言结构形式的影响1.语音语调的差异根据社会语言学的研究,女性语言不但有浓厚的感情色彩,而且在语音方面女性更注意发音的准确性和标准性。
在语调方面,女性的变化很大,比男性更富有表现力。
女性使用升降升或降升调式的频率比男性高。
女性倾向于以询问的口气说话,体现了女性的委婉、依顺,尊重体贴他人,也反映出女性犹豫不决的心理特征。
与此形成鲜明对照的是,男性在谈话时多用降调,语调变化少、平稳、坚定有力,表现出男性坚决、果断的性格特征。
2.在词汇句法方面的差异在词汇方面,女性比男性更多使用修饰语(intensifiers)、修饰语(qualifiers)、模糊措词(hedges)、补白词(fillers)。
女性常常过多地使用带有修饰性质的强化语如so、such、awfully、quite)等,修饰语如gorgeous,fabulous,terrific, adorable,fascinating, marvellous等。
英语教育论文：简议女性英语的特征
简议女性英语的特征1. 引言在现代社会中，英语成了世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，并且越来越多的人正在学说英语。
在这些人中，一般能非常容易地区分出哪些是外地人，哪些是本地人，哪些人讲的是美式英语，哪些人讲的是英式英语。
然而，一般情况下，人们却很少注意到男性英语和女性英语之间所存在的差异。
传统观念认为，只要自小生活在同一交际圈内接触的语言环境中，异性之间的语言就应当是完全一致的。
2. 女性英语的特征女性英语的特点是指那些女性常用的并且区别于男性的特色语言。
女性英语与男性英语的区别存在于语音和语调、词汇、语法以及交谈话题等方面。
2.1 语音和语调男女在语音方面的差异在各种语言里都可以找到。
同样，女性英语和男性英语在语音和语调上也存在差异。
此外，女性英语与男性英语的性别差异还表现为女性普遍对发音的正确与否保持着高度的敏感性，她们比男性更倾向于使用标准、权威的发音方式，对自己在这方面的要求也明显高于男性。
以talking, working, learning 中的-ing音为例，大部分男性把词尾-ing发成带前鼻音的/in/,而女性一般正确地发成带后鼻音的/iη/。
2.2 词汇和用语男女性别的词汇差异首先表现为男女常用词汇的不同。
女性有些喜爱的词汇，而且有些词汇已经几乎属于女性特有了。
和男性不一样，在满意和高兴的时候，女性经常毫无控制地表达自己的感情。
许多学者发现女性更喜欢使用一些夸张性的，强调性的副词，如so, vastly, perfectly, extremely, immensely, always 等。
叶斯帕森认为女性使用这类词语是一种肤浅。
而约翰·格雷认为，女性采用夸张的手法表达顷刻的感情，目的是希望给人留下深刻的印象或引起男人的注意，所以对于这类夸张性词语不能按字面意思去理解[3]。
爱美是女人的天性，因而女性对这个多彩的世界观察得细致入微。
就一般情况而言，对于表示颜色的词，女性往往比男性知道的多些。
社会语言学视角下英汉动物类谚语中的女性形象
2020年10月（总第138期）社会语言学视角下英汉动物类谚语中的女性形象□李金格黄凤鸰宁波大学科学技术学院[摘要]文章从社会语言学视角，采用定量、定性的方法对英汉动物类谚语所折射的女性形象进行分析，旨在探究两者的异同。
研究发现，在社会地位方面，英汉女性都处于受压迫的附庸地位。
汉语中多以家禽、马来强调女性任劳任怨，英语则以宠物猫狗凸显女性派生地位。
在婚嫁家庭方面，英汉女性都是家庭的工具，无话语权。
汉语强调贤惠忠贞，英语侧重附庸派生，女性心智性情都表现为愚昧多舌。
汉语多以蛇蝎体现女性的狠毒，英文则以猫羊表现女性的邪恶。
女性产生负面形象的原因主要有社会分工、文化传统和心理因素三方面。
[关键词]社会语言学；动物谚语；女性形象；英汉对比[中图分类号]H00-0[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1009-6167（2020）30-0045-041引言语言是社会文化和思想的重要载体，社会上一定程度的歧视在语言中也会有所反映，如近期的“饭圈女孩”“冠姓权”等。
而社会语言学则专门研究社会各方面对语言产生和使用的影响，以及语言给社会带来的变化，侧重于研究不同社会群体使用的语言的差异，并用来区分一个人在社会阶层中的地位。
谚语作为社会语言和文化的产物，能反映一定时期的思想观念和社会变化。
因此，从社会语言学视角，探讨谚语中的女性形象更具有代表性和说服力，有助于深入了解女性的地位、形象，避免语言上的性别歧视，更好地学习、应用谚语。
当前对谚语中的性别歧视已有一定研究，但聚焦于某一类谚语所折射出的特定女性形象的并不多。
综上，加强此类研究十分必要。
本文从英汉对比的角度，查阅相关词典，收集了动物类谚语中与女性相关的语料，分析其中所折射出的女性在社会地位、婚姻家庭及心智性情三方面的具体形象，并试图探究这些形象背后的社会因素。
2相关研究及本文研究方法2.1相关研究国外有关性别语言的研究者主要包括七十年代的Trudgill （1974）、Lakoff （1975）、West &Zimmerman （1983）等，他们主要关注男女语言在不同领域的用语差异。
女性语言文体特征 - female language(英文)
1 Contents ………………...…………………………………...…………… Abstract ………………………………………..……….….……….… 1. Introduction………………………………….…...…………….…..1 2.The Characteristics of Female Language……….………….………..2 2.1 Pronunciation and Intonation ………….….……..……...2 2.2 V ocabulary …………………………….……..……..…..4 2.3 Grammar……………………………………………….6 2.4 Conversation Topics………………………….……..……8 3. The Interpretation of the Female Language Characteristics…………………………………...10 3.1 Physiological and Psychological Factors ………....……10 3.2 Cultural Factors………………………………….…....11 3.3 Social Factors……………………….…………..….....12 3.4 Educational Factors……………………………….…..12 4. The Developments and Changes of Female Language………………………………..………...…15 4.1 Degradation of Sexual Discriminationin Language...... 15 4.2 Social Effect of Female Language (16)4.3 Changes in Women's Style of Speech………………..…195. The Reasons for the Changes in Female Language (24)6. Conclusion………………………………………….………………..27 o men. Through )2 Bibliography …………………………………………………………....28 Acknowledgements3 1Introduction The existence and development of language are intended to meet theneeds of communication in society. People in different social groups havetheir own special languages. In the English-speaking countries, we candiscover that female language always shows some interesting andexternal features of the language consciously or unconsciously in thecourse of language communication. With the rise of feminism and thecontinuous improvement of female social status, a great of changes havetaken place in female language. These changes are closely linked with the development of society. So the research of female language is a subjectvery worthy to be studied. This paper attempts to discuss thecharacteristics and some new changes of female language and analyzesthe reason of this phenomenon from the social, cultural and educational,etc. aspects. 15 4.1 DegradationP4 2The Characteristics of Female Language Female language has its own features. The following part will focuson pronunciation, intonation, vocabulary, grammar and topics to make abrief analysis. 2.1 Pronunciation and Intonation2.1.1 Pronunciation Phonological differences between men and women have beennoticed in varieties of languages. Women’s pronunciation sounds moreaccurate than men’s. In English-speaking countries, women’spronunciation is closer to Standard English Pronunciation than men's.When we read ―-ing‖, generally women can pronounce the accurate backnasal consonant /iη/. But a considerable number of men become more accustomed to pronounce front nasal consonant /in/. In Australia, theEnglish with Australian-accented is not usually considered StandardEnglish. After investigation, researchers come to the conclusion thatwomen are far less often than men when they speak the nonstandardEnglish. The reason is that more women pay attention to the accuracy of pronunciation than men, which is an important mark of their identity andculture for women. In the northeast Asian language, Yukaghir, women ot of changes and5 have /ts/ and /dz/ where men have /tj/ and /dj/. In Bengali men oftensubstitute /l/ for /n/ but women do not do this. Likewise, in a Siberian language, Chukchi, men, but not women, often drop /n/ and /t/ when theyoccur between vowels, e.g. female nitvaqenat and male nitvaqeat. 2.1.2 Intonation Generally speaking, women’s intonation is higher than men’s, whichis caused by physiological factors in fact. Women’s vocal cords arelonger than men, so their pronunciation frequency is higher. However,people often consider the high pitch is connected with women'scowardice and unsteady emotion. The range of intonation variety is large,which is another distinctive feature. Women are good at using the various intonations to express their feelings. Lakoff says that women may answera question with a statement that employs the rising intonation patternusually associated with a question rather than the falling intonationassociated with making a firm statement. And women are usually inclinedto be tactful and gentle and often use low rising intonation at the end of sentences, which seems to show that they lack of confidence and seek theopinions of the others. In contrast, men usually like using high fallingintonation at the end of the sentences, so their intonation sounds resoluteand affirmative. For example, when speaking the following sentence, menand women may u se different intonations. I wish you’d try it. be further discussed a`6 Men: . - .﹨. Women: . - . / . Men usually speak ending with a high falling intonation and their tonesare strongly firm. However, women will use the low rising intonation toend their speech and their tone is more moderate than men’s. Besides,women used to answer questions with rising intonation to express thattheir views is not a verdict and they are willing to listen to other's views.Such as: Husband: ―when will dinner be ready?‖Wife: ―oh …around six o’clock?‖The wife is the only one to know the answer. But she used an intonationwith consulting meaning —"Will that do?‖Of course, we can not get ridof her uncertain possibility. 2.2 V ocabulary Special feminine vocabulary in English that man may not, dare notand will not use. Women like talking about things exaggeratedly, so theylike using the exaggerated adjectives and adverbs and other words toemphasize the point. 2.2.1 Extravagant Adjectives Women in United States and Britain like using some exaggeratedadjectives frequently, like ―adorable, divine, gorgeous, charming, and r identity andcul7 lovely‖and so on. But men seldom use these words. ―What a divineidea!‖It’s manifestly out of a female’s mouth. But men will say ―what a terrific idea!‖2.2.2 Intensified Adverbs Such as―so, much, quite, terribly‖, etc. women use these wordsmore frequently than men. For example, women would say, ―It was so interesting!‖, ―It was terribly cold!‖But men often use ―very, really‖to intensify their tones. 2.2.3 Accurate Colour Words Women are good at portraying color accurately in comparison withthe men. Furthermore, they can use some unusual color vocabulary suchas ―mauve, magenta, beige, and lavender‖and so on. When facing a light purple skirt, woman cannot help sp eaking, ―It’s a beautiful lavenderskirt!‖2.2.4 Interjection Interjections used by women are more cautious and implicit thanmen. When using cursing words, women are usually more cautious andimplicit. Some filthy words or phrases such as ―God damn it!‖, ―Damn‖,―Fuck you!‖, ―Fuck you Charley!‖, ―Shit‖etc. often appear in men’s speech. In contrast, women often use ―Oh, dear!‖, ―Oh, God!‖, ―God bless me!‖, ―My God!‖, ―Great God!‖, ―God‖etc. to express their anger sing high falling d8 or surprise. For instance, men and women have different reactions whenthey face the scene of putting peanut butter in a wrong place. Female: ―oh dear. You’ve put the peanut butter in the refrigerator again. ‖Male: ―shit, you’ve put the peanut b utter in the refrigerator again.‖From thesetwo sentences we can see that men and women also felt unhappy about putting peanut butter in the refrigerator again, but theexpressions they used are different. The men used the rude word ―shit‖,but the woman used ―oh dear‖to express her dissatisfaction. This justshows the graceful feature of female language.2.2.5 Diminutives English women will sometimes say ―birdie‖instead of "bird" and―bookie‖instead of ―book‖. Otherwise, they use ―dearie, sweetie, auntie‖and other words to express affection frequently. But men rarely use thesewords.2.3 Grammar So far, there is not a rule that some specific grammar structuresbelong to women used only. But some analyses of language materialsshowed that women often use the following structures:2.3.1 Tag Question Women prefer to express their views or ideas by using tag questions,because it contains some intense consulting meanings and can avoid too t the end of the sez9 direct and absolute. For instance, when facing an article, husband wouldsay, ―This is better!‖but wife will say, ―This is better, isn’t it?‖or ―This is better, don’t you think so?‖Tag questions have three functions. First, itcan testify the reliability of information. For example, ―She is coming,isn’t she?‖Second, it can weaken the speech stone such as ―That waspretty silly, wasn’t it?‖or ―Open the door for me, could you?‖Maybe, the speaker doesn’t want to prove something but considers listener’s dignity.And women think this way can ease their own tones and requires. Third,neither the first nor the second, they only give a signal to listeners inorder to promote conversations. It is equal to ―It’s your turn to speak‖.For example, ―Quiet a nice room to sit in actually, isn’t it?‖Holmse 1984 made an investigation of using the tag questions. The result showed thatthe total of men and women using tag questions are roughly equal.However, about the second and third expressions, women used them considerably more than men. It suggested that women pay attention touphold the listener’s dignity and their tones are more euphemistic. Thisembodies ―cooperativeness‖of communication. 2.3.2 Modulation Modulation is a very polite and courteous sentence structure such as―I like, I suppose, well, you know‖, etc. women often use such uncertain structure to express their opinions. This suggested that they do not want10 to impose their views on others person, only a tentative views or suggestions. 2.3.3 Past Tense Women prefer to use past tense when they ask for help. They would say, ―I was wondering if you could possibly do me a favor.‖This becausepeople are accustomed to put the present tense together with the things of expressing present. But using the past tense, sometimes, can confuse thetimes and express the euphemistic and polite tones. 2.3.4 Embedded Imperatives When using imperative sentences, men like using more clear andsimple imperative sentences to express orders or make decisions. Butwomen prefer to use embedded imperative sentence and othereuphemistic sentence structures to request somebody do something. SuchasMale: ―Br ing that here!‖Female: ―Could you bring that here?‖2.4 Conversation Topics People always tend to choose the interesting topics they like. Dueto different division of work in society, the scope of activities of men andwomen are different. Generally speaking, when men talk to men, thecontent categories of their topics often focus on politics, sports, he listener’s dignit 11 automobiles, business, legal matters, taxes, stocks, aggression,competition, teasing and so on. On the other hand, when women talk towomen, their topics are about home, families, social life, life-style, lifetrouble, feelings, books, clothes, food and drink, cooking, sewing,affiliation with other etc. (Spolsky,2000) The above, the author discusses the characteristics of female languagewhich are different from men’s. But different languages mirror different societies, so these characteristics of female language should be related tonot only physiological factor but also the contemporary social and cultural,etc. factors.ereuphemiY12 3The Interpretation of the Female Language Characteristics Language is a product of human history, but also a socialphenomenon. It is a real reflection of different social cultures, customs,human sense and cultural consciousness. There are many reasons offorming these characteristics of female language. As follows: 3.1Physiological and Psychological Factors Some features of female language are related to their physiologicalch aracteristics. For example, women’s intonation is higher than men andthey are easy to understand the exact form of the language and so on. Toobtain the same right as men, women are struggling with the traditional discriminations. A sense of social roles leads to a language consciousness inevitably, so they do their best to use more of the standard andprestigious speech patterns in their own community. Comparing men,women are closer to the standard style and refined accent of language andtheir language must influence their children, so women are the pioneers inthe community of using standard style language. Otherwise, thepsychological tendency of improving their status makes them apt tomaster the standard language. In addition, the language style used bywomen is more euphemistic, restrained, and hesitant than men. From this13 point, we can believe that it is not only a reflection of lacking confidence,but also a symbol of feminine politeness and kindness.3.2 Cultural Factors From the points of society and culture, girls are taught to be gentleand quiet from children. Women’s role identity and their role behaviorwere formed in the process of socialization. The so-called socializationprocess is a progress in which everyone should study their culturesaround their community groups to keep pace with the developing society.Growing up in this culture, girls accept the behavior and thecommunication styles consciously or unconsciously, which has become apart of their personality characteristics. In western cultural traditions, women are unable to escape the samefate as oriental woman. In ―Bible‖, there are some depictions of women.Eve derived from a rib of Adam. There are two purposes of creating Evefor God. The first is to accompany with Adam in case of loneliness; thesecond is to give birth to the children of Adam. This also suggested thatwomen are the appendage of men since Genesis. As a tool for giving birthto children, women have to be controlled and be in a subordinate status. Traditional culture suppressed the development of women'sself-consciousness. As a result, their capabilities of independence andself-awareness became weaker and weaker. Women must take advantage ertain structure to ex14 of the communication network if they want to achieve the purpose ofphysical and mental needs. So, psychologically speaking, they aresensitive and their independent capabilities are very weak. And in theirspeech, their languages are very polite, indirect, modest and veiled.3.3 Social Factors On the one hand, the social position of women has been less securedtha n men’s since class society came into being. Women were oftenregarded as an appendage of men. For instance, girls are taught to begentle and cultivated from children. In order not to be looked down upon,women do their best to use very standard language. On the other hand,men’s and women’s different social roles and fields of activities are themajor containing factors in performance. In many countries men are ratedsocially by their occupation, income and other abilities while women’scapacities are underrated or denied. It seems natural that women’s duty isto be the wife and mother who supports and nurtures others. In gettingalong with people and being educated, more and more women are awareof their importance and strive to make their own language approximate to standard language.Traditional culture su15 3.4 Educational FactorsEducational factor is also an important reason of forming these characteristics. The following will focus on composition of membershipin educational field, way of education and educated level and majors tomake a brief analysis. 3.4.1 Composition of Membership in Educational Field Some linguists believed the differences of language between menand women derived from the influence of more and more female teachersin schools. Whatever in kindergartens, primary schools and secondaryschools, female teachers has an absolute advantage. Therefore, female teachers’ words and deeds will have a direct impact on the public. Female students will take teachers as their models and inherit the characteristicsof the language, whether intentionally or not.3.4.2 Way of Education Boys contact with guns, automobiles, and other toys symbolizingstrength and power from children. But girls were related to some dollsand other toys symbolizing gentle and kind features. From shooting game,boys were implied to be a brave and strong man. It is his role in society;girls in the game were implied to receive the traditional female role. Thus,these deep-rooted concepts influence women and their languagegeneration by generation. 3.4.3 Educated Level and Majors now‖, etc. women oftenW16 Educated level is an important influence of the different languagebetween men and women. For example, in the traditional Jewishcommunity of United States, men accept longer Jewish education thanwomen. So their Jewish and Hebrew languages are superior to women.But women were asked to accept some secular education. (张爱玲,1995)In Arab countries, the different languages between men and women aredue to the differences of accepting education. In our previous traditional education, the phenomenon of son preference is particularly serious. Sothe different language between men and women is also obvious.Wherever in the world, men learning science are more than womenobviously. This is also a reason of differences in language between menand women. Otherwise, there are many other explanations need us to discover. With the rise of the feminist movement and the continuous improvementof women’s social status, the characteristics of female language will alsohave a great of changes.ing game,boys w17 4The Changes and Developments of Female Language With the changes of times and the rapid development of modernsociety, some tremendous changes have taken place in every aspect ofwomen such as social status, outlook on life and values, etc. Of course,their language should change also. Now, the author will analyzes somechanges and developments briefly from women’s speech style,degradation of sexual discrimination and social effects of femalelanguage and so on. 4.1 Degradation of Sexual Discrimination With the advanc ement of women’s status and the rise of women'sliberation movement, the vocabulary and grammar of English haveemerged.4.1.1 The Word ―man‖Women want to change people's minds about the role of women insociety by change language such as, the concentration of the word ―men‖. Now, ―humankind‖is instead of ―man‖and ―mankind‖gradually. What’smore, there is a rule in British law: in the advertisement of recruitingworkers, people are not allowed to speak ―salesman‖or ―draftsman‖. The same as ―guard‖is instead of ―watchman‖and ―firefighter‖is instead of 18 ―fireman‖. In addition, there are many similar words, such as―chairperson, spokesperson, businessperson‖, etc. 4.1.2 The Disappearance of Some Negative Suffix Negative suffix is often regarded as a discrimination against women. This is a discourtesy calling black women Negress or calling Jewish women Jewess. Female writers like to be called ―author‖or ―poet‖and now ―authoress, poetess‖tend to disappear gradually. The word ―actress‖which has been used for a long times is replaced by ―actor‖some times.E.g. ―She is an actor.‖Of course, it’s difficult to abandon the negative suffix—―-ess‖, but we need work hard. 4.1.3 Grammar The contemporary feminist movement has affected grammar. At thepast time, the person pronoun ―he, him, his‖may be used to refer to menand women. So people can say ―Everyone must do his best.‖But now wecan say, ―Everyone must do one’s best.‖too and even ―Everyone must do their best.‖though it doesn’t meet the standard of syntax.4.2 Social Effect of Female Language In recent years, it's amazing that more and more people have donethe research of the female language. Many scholars studying the language consider that the feature of female language is the symbol, which denotesthat women are lack of social rights. However, there are some other women oftenW19 surveys concerning communication are contrary to the right's opinion.This is testified through making observations on the effect of femalelanguage and its social adaptability. It has once made a study showed that compared to men, who areusing their dominating language, women using the female language areable to better take on the assignment of persuading others. Someresearchers chosen a number of students, divided into groups of two. Thefirst group is a girl versus three boys who have different views, and theother group is one boy versus three girls also holding different minds. By observing and studying, it’s found that during debating, the first group iseasier to reverse their views than the second one. Girls attributed theirsuccess to take the attitude of accepting and understanding when theytried to persuade boys who were in defensive state. And when girlsdiscussed in a group, they paid attention to listen and put questions,which can form an atmosphere of friendly consulting. At the same time,girls were good at listening and accepting other’s views. In the field of communication, participants who are more capable ininterpersonal communication all have their own specific some skills, suchas:a. Sending information through contact by eyes, realization and definitehints of body language and other ways can show your interest andreply when you are listening to other person. of times and the rapid d20 b. Positive insight is a good method to judge others' communication hints. c. Self-exchange, personal sharing, understanding and acceptance of otherpeople's feeling are effectual ways to success. d. You should avoid snap judgment or negative evaluations. e. Putting forward your views explicitly can prevent other person from making various possible explanations on your opinions. Comparing the characteristics of the female language with theconcepts and techniques of successful social intercourse, we will findfemale language had oceans of unique features of establishing excellent relationship. When inspecting some important communication field insocial life, we will find unexpectedly that the female language is used fora long time not by women but by men, such as in labor negotiations,diplomatic and legislative activities even in campus and so on.Researchers also found that using female language ingeniously is aneffective avenue of gaining success in communication. Even in dealingwith ethnic, national and inter-regional issues, approach often taken bythe government is through regulation and compromise to seek a solutionof these problems. This language problem-solving mode is very close tothe female language communication mode. Some said,―Women are diplomats by nature.‖From this we can seewomen’s ability of providing a comfortable environment for conversation.They are good at promoting a harmonious speaking situation. In recent the differences of accep21 years, in the fields of public relations and foreign affairs, the femalelanguage's skills have been widely and rapidly popularized.4.3 Changes in Style of Speech Women will take into account their identities, social status and theirspeech patterns being gifted by society unconsciously when usinglanguage. Gradually, they formed their own speech style. But with therapid advance of society, women’s speech styles have a lot of changes.The following, the author will take the Chinese women for examples todiscuss some change s of women’s speech style. 4.3.1 Amount of Speech The application of language is related to the occasion ofconversation, which influences the amounts and forms of language. In the occasion of informal communication, the most contents of female speechare chat or gossip, in order to keep social relationship. Besides, theamounts of their speech are more than men’s and the form is casual orarbitrary such as discussion and argument, etc. On the contrary, in theformal occasion, the amounts of wome n’s speech are fewer than usual. Atthis time, they usually use standard language and their speech style isshort and brief. What’s more, they very pay attention to their speech anddignity but in the informal occasion they don’t. 4.3.2 Topics and Sp eech Style n seewomen’s ability22 Topics can affect the content and vocabulary of conversationdirectly. Women will show different speech style when discussingdifferent topics. We know, women like using some euphemistic, indirectand vague words such as ―should be?‖, ―I think it is‖, ―I don't dare to say‖and so on. Because using these words can weaken powerful stones andachieve the purpose of keeping a harmonious interpersonal relationship. However, the weight of topics can change the words they use. If facing an important topic, women's words will became standard, concise anddefinite. For example, at a negotiating table, women's words are asdefinite, direct as men's such as ―Concession is impossible!‖, ―We willnever give in‖, ―the decision can not be changed absolutely!‖With regard to topics discussed by women, there are a lot of changes.With the influence and impact of modern society, female topics were nolonger confined to the lives and affection and so on. Now their topics are changing diverse and various such as political affairs, economy,employment, development, latest news, etc. which are all included in the women’s topics. 4.3.3 Sentence Patterns and Tones Generally specking, the differences of language are related to theoccasion and individual. The most sentence patterns of female languageare questions and the tones are indirect and kind. Gaining these featuresare due to the purpose of female language. But when speakers are in recent ation. In recent23 different status or relationships, they will change their tones, sentence patterns, and words. Chambers put forward a view that ―Generallyspeaking, in a certain language environment, the different application ofspeech patterns is based on speaker’s d ifferent social power on the certain level.‖From this point, roles relationship is more important than genderwhen women choose language patterns. Women with a high status canform a powerful speech style, such as the conversations between femaleboss and her staff. 4.3.4 Other Changes In addition, there are some other changes in women's language. Intones and intonations, Chinese women tend to use low intonation. Their applications of cadence are reduced on the certain level and the rhythm is changing smooth but the frequency of using falling intonation isincreasing. Besides, the uses of tag questions and rising intonations arechanging fewer and fewer. In the communication within the scope ofcertain groups, women pay attention to the amount of speech and theirtones change absolutely. What’s more, the topics of discussing changefrom narrow to wide. These changes indicate that the speech style offemale language is tending to the men's to a certain extent, exactlyspeaking, ―neutra l trend‖. Because these changes abandoned somefeatures of original female language style and add some males’. Thus abrand new comprehensive style –―neutral style‖is coming into being. are in recent ation. In recent24 What's more, the style was already widely disseminated and accepted bymost women gladly in modern society. Of course, these changes alsocontain other aspects, such as women's clothes, make-up, communicationand individual behavior, and so on. In vocabulary, a large amount ofapplications of vulgar words and taboo have already broken thetraditional restraints about language, such as "Fuck you!", "damn" and soon. In addition, the extensive use of prevail words is a bright spot offemale language also. In the control of conversation, women tend tocontrol the topics discussed in the language communication frequently,。
谈女性在英语教学中的语言特点
毵 育一 谈 女 性 在 英 语 教 学 中 的 语 言 特 点
⑩ 刘媛媛
从 ｌ ７世纪开始 ，人类学就注意到 了女性和 男性在语言 们的观念里 ， 女性说话应该柔 声细语 ， 不 能声大气粗 ， 这也使 方面 的区别 ， 丹麦语 言家 叶斯 伯森 ， 在 ｌ ９ ２ ３年 出版 的《 英 语
前化 。所谓前化现象是指说话人在发音 时舌位前移 的现 地调 整教学 双方 的关 系。 如男性 一般会说 “ Ｐ ａ ｓ ｓ ｍ ｅ ａ ｃ ｕ ｐ 象， 它主要出现在女性语言 中。 ２ １世纪 ２ ０年代 著名语言学 家 ｏ ｆ ｔ ｅ ａ ． ” （ 给我 一杯 水 ） ， 而女性则会 说 “ Ｗ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄ ｙ ｏ ｕ ｇ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｍ ｅ ａ
（ ｓ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｎ ｇ ｅ ｘ ｐ ｌ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｓ ） ，甚 至咒骂的词语 ，如 ｓ ｈ ｉ ｔ、 ｈ ｅ ｌ ｌ 、 ｄ ａ ｍ ｎ
、
男 女语 言存 在 的 差 异
１ ． 男女在语音 、 词汇 、 语法等方面都有所不 同。英语 中就 等 ，而女性则 多用弱感叹词语 （ ｗ ｅ ｅ ｋ ｅ ｘ ｐ ｌ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｓ ） ，如 ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ 有一些分别为男子或妇女使 用的感叹词。如 男子 常常用的则 ｎ ｅ ｓ ｓ 、 ｏ ｈ 、 ｄ ｅ ａ ｒ ｍｅ 、 ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｇ ｒ ａ ｃ ｉ ｏ ｕ ｓ（ ｍｅ ） 、 ｍ ｙ Ｇ ｏ ｄ 、 ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ Ｇ ｏ ｄ 、 ｍ ｙ
社会语言学——女性语言
• 1964年，Rossi提出了一个不上述传统看法丌同的“双性化”概念，即“个体 同时具有传统的男性和女性应该有的人格特质”，幵认〖CM(28〗为双性化是 最合适的性别角色模式，而非传统的单一性别角色模 • 1974年Bem根据这个概念，以社会赞许性为基础，制定出了贝姆性别角色量 表，即BSRI(Be msexRolelnventory)，它包括男性分量表、女性分量表和中性 干扰量表，各20项，共60项。结果男性分量表不女性分量表得分的相关很低， 支持了男性特质不女性特质是两个丌同维度而非一个维度的两极的假设。她 用中位数分类法将被试分为四个性别角色类型：双性化类型，男性化类型， 女性化类型，未分化类型。 • Spence（Spence J T Gender_related traits and gender idenlogy evidence for a multifactional theory 1993.64（4）624_635）以社会刻板印象为基础 制定了类似的量表，但她未能重复Bem用亍验证性别图式理论的研究。她提 出性别角色是多维的，在特定的研究中哪个维度适用决定亍情境因素。 • 北京大学钱铭怡、张光健、罗珊红、张莘研究综合Bem和Spence的方法，以 社会刻板印象和社会赞许性为基础编制了中国大学生性别角色量表(心理学报 2001.1期)，同时使用正性和负性量表，测量了380名大学生，结果显示该量 表有较好的信度和效度，运用此量表将大学生分为男性化、女性化、双性化、 未分化四种性别角色类型，在男性中分别占24.7％，15.4、31.5％和28.4％， 在女性中分别占22.5％、28.0％、25.0％和24.5％。
• A man of srraw is worth of a woman of gold. (稻草男儿抵得上金玉女子) • If you see an old man ,sit down and take a lesson; if you see an old woman,throw a stone • Woman are the snares of Satan (女人是撒旦设下的陷阱) • A fair face is half a portion. (姿色艳 嫁妆半) • Long hai and short wit. (头发长见识短) • 男性称呼妻子为：贱内、糟糠（含贬义）
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
[作者简介]张艳双,女,河北唐山人,西安建筑科技大学文学院助教,硕士,研究方向:英语教学; 张富丽,女,山西太谷人,西安建筑科技大学文学院助教,研究方向:英语教学; 吴宇,西安建筑科技大学文学院助教,硕士,研究方向:英语教学。
Reflection on Characteristics ofW om en s Speech fro m the Perspective of SociolinguisticsZhang Y anshuang Zhang Fu li W u Y u(X i an University o f Architecture and Technology ,X i an,Shanxi ,710055)[A bstract] W o m en s language sho w s up i n all levels i n the soc i ety ,they are p l ay i ng im portant functions .F or the m ost part ,how ever ,w o m en s language has been ignored .In the U nited Sta tes duri ng the late 1960s and ear l y 1970s ,w o m en beg an to exam i ne and cr iti que socia l practices that supported gender d i scri m i nation i n consc i ousness -ra i s i ng g roups .It w ou l d be better to say that there are t w o conven tiona l sty les :one tends to predo m i nate i n m en s speech and the o t her i n w o m en s speech .So there is not a good way or a bad w ay t o defi ne m en s and w o m en s languages ,wh ich are i n d i spensab l e parts in the li ngu i stic stud ies .[K ey words] so cioli ngu istic ; wom en s language ; fe m i n i st; gender [中图分类号]H 313 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1672 8610(2010)05 0047 02I .IntroductionT he soc i o li ngu i stists think tha t l anguage is a soc ial pheno menon wh i ch has a close re l a ti ons h i p w it h t he society .Soc ial s ur roundi ngs and a ll k i nds o f re lati onshi ps are revea led i n language ;m eanwh il e ,they have g reat i n fluence on l anguag es .T he relation sh i p be t w een language and g ender has attrac ted consi derab l e at tention i n recent years ,large l y as a consequence o f public con cern ove r m ale and fe m ale equality .W o m en s speech has just been i gnored f o r a long ti m e ,whil e t here is now an a w areness of the w ay in wh i ch language can reflect and help t o m ainta i n socia l a ttitudes to w ard m en and w o m en .T his pape r re fl ected on w o m en s l anguag e fro m t he perspecti ve o f soc i o linguisti cs in ter m s o f the aspects o f the character i stics of w o m en s language ,and wom en s language revealed i n t he ir behav i ors .!.G ra mm atical Characteristics of W o m en s L anguage 2.1D ifferent uses of vocabularySevera l a reas o f g ramm ar and vocabulary have been c ited here .In Chi nese cu lture ,especia lly i n the f euda l soc iety ,peo p l e a l w ays regard ∀m en are super i o r t o w o m en #w hich i s deep-roo ted i n peop l e s though ts .W hen t hey are expressed i n lan guage ,usua ll y it is the men who are i n the first place and w o m en in the second ,for examp l e :男男女女;男女老少;男大当婚,女大当嫁;男女平等.W om en s language sho w s up i n all levels o f t he g ra mm ar of Eng lish .D ifferent cho ices and frequency of lex i ca l item can be f ound ;i n the sit uations in wh ich certa i n syn tactic ru l es are perfor m ed .Obv i ousl y ,no one cou l d force w o m en to use w ords ;t he so ciety should g i ve t hem the sam e oppo rt unityasm en to parti c i pate i n t he rea l dec i sions of life .2.2D ifferent uses of parti c les A part fro m spec ific l ex ica l ite m s li ke color na m es ,d iffe r ences bet w een the speech of wom en and tha t o fm en i n the use of particles t hat gra mm ar i ans o ften descr i be as ∀m ean i ng less #.By see i ng the fo ll ow i ng sentences ,we can consi der wh i ch i s spoken by a wom an .A:Oh dear ,you ve put t he peanu t butter i n the refri ge ra tor ag ain .B :Shit ,you ve pu t the peanut butter i n the refr i gerator aga i n .It is safe to pred i ct that peop l e w ou l d c lassify the first sen tence as part of ∀w o m en s language #,t he second as ∀m en s language #.It s true t ha t many self-respecti ng wom en are be com ing use sentences li ke B pub licly ,bu t th i s i s a re l atively re cent develop m ent .M aybe people w ill accept the use o f B f o r m en ;t hey w ill still disapprove of its use by wom en .It s of i nte r est to no te t hat m en s language is i ncreasi ng l y be i ng used by w o m en ,but women s l anguage i s no t be i ng adopted by m en .T he conventiona l soc i a l consc i ousness regards tha tw o m en should speak g entl y w ithout open i ng the ir m out h w ide ly .U sing nove l even rude w ords see m s to reveal m en s i ndependence and t he ir challeng i ng sp irit to t he i nherent socia l standard .H o w ever ,if w o m en speak like m en ,itw ill b reach wom en s such charac teris ti cs as g racefu,l m ell ow ,g entle ,etc .wh i ch a re accepted by m ost people .2.3D ifferent uses of nouns and pronouns∃47∃语文学刊%外语教育教学 2010年第5期Eng lish has rece i ved mo re d iscussi on t han any o t her lan guage ,larg ely because of the i m pact of ear l y Am er i can f em i n i s m.In gra mm ar ,the i ssue that has attracted mo st attenti on is the lack of a sex-neutra,l third person si ngu l a r pronoun i n Eng li sh ,espec iall y i n its use afte r i ndefi nite pronouns ,e .g .If any one w ants a copy ,he can have one .In t he plura l for m,there i s no prob le m for ∀t hey #is ava il able .Consequentl y ,t he co rre spond i ng sex -neu tra l nouns have appeared :hu m an be i ng o r peop l e ,chairperson .Considered fro m t he soc ioli ngu istic per spective ,these changes o f wo rds don t chang e the positi on of w o m en ,but it s i ndeed a k i nd o f progress i n l anguag e .&.W o m en s Language R evealed in their Behavior s 3.1N a m i ng conventions and for m s o f addressA n obv i ousw ay that g ender-d ifferentiated language use re fl ects soc i a l hierarch i es is through na m i ng conventions ,wh ich are o ften si m u ltaneous w ays of re ferri ng to people and address i ng them i n i nteracti on .For examp l e ,t here is on l y one for m of ad dress for m en ,M r .,regardless o f t he ir m arita l sta t us .H owever ,the m arita l sta t us o fw o m en w as distinguished by the addresses of M iss ∃for t he un m arried women and M rs .∃f o r t he m arr i ed w o m en ,wh i ch re fl ects the notion t hat w he t her or not a w o m an is in a heterosexua lm arr i age is her defi n i ng character istic .W o m en a re a lso m ore li ke l y t han m en to be addressed by the ir first na m es .W o m en o ften protest that ma le doctors ca ll the m by t he ir last na m es even on the fi rst consultation .M en ,ho w ever ,are m ore li ke ly to be addressed by a titl e pl us last nam e .It would break the rules o f address if wom en w ere to ca ll t he ir docto rs by the ir first na m es .In feudal soc iety of Ch i na ,w o m en even d i dn t have their na m es a fter m arriag e .Though now adays women don t change the ir na m es a fter m arr i age ,bu t ch ildren s na m es are a l w ays na m ed after the ir father but not t he ir m othe r .A nother ex amp l e o f the m a rking of women can be seen i n t he use o f titles such as lady /wom an /fema le doctor .In Ch i na ,t here are ad dress o f ∀女强人#but t here i s no address of ∀男强人#.3.2W om en and P oliteness Po liteness i s one pragma ti c do m a i n i n wh ich m any k i nds of soc i a l d ifferenti ations are m an ifest .P oliteness i s a spec ial way of treati ng people ,say i ng and do i ng thi ngs i n such a way as to take o t her person s fee li ngs i nto consi dera ti on .W o m en tend to be m ore po lite ,o r at least are perce i v ed as m ore po lite .W om en w ill tend to speak w ith reference o f the ru l es of po liteness ;othe r w isethey w ill be regarded t o be i m po lite .W hil e m en w ill tend tospeak w it h re ference to t he rules o f conversati on and straigh t factual co mmun ica ti on ,there is no si m ilar li m itati on to m en as to w o m en .W o m en w ou l d li ke to use m ore ∀e m pty #ad j ec ti ves (a dorab l e ,charm i ng ,nice)and tag questions t han men (e .g .T he w eathe r is rea ll y nice today ,isn t it ?).Such features a re proba b l y revea li ng t ha t wom an s speech sounds much m ore ∀po lite #than m en s .∋.Con clusi onIn concl usion ,t here i s no standard show i ng t hat m en s lan guages are better than women s ,bo th m en s and w o m en s lan guages are an i nd ispensab l e part of the li ngu i sti c stud i es .It is true t hat l anguag e is t he m irro r o f soc i ety ,w hich must take on so m e chang es w ith the deve l op m ent of the soc iety and needs the constant study by the li ngu i sts .D ue t o som e i nnate ,h isto rica,l and socia l reasons ,wom en s languages have for m ed the ir o w n characteristi cs in the aspects o f t he vo cabu l a ry ,parti c les ,nouns ,pronouns they use .F rom these character istics ,w e can have a better understandi ng why wom en s language i s mo re po lite than men s language .The i nfl uence o f g ender on l anguage w ill d iffer from culture to culture and it m ay interact w it h m any o t her so cial character i stics of speakers .T herefore ,to study the characteristi cs of women s language can m ake peop le have a bet ter understandi ng of the cult ures o f diff e rent countr i es .(References )[1]Crysta,l D.T he C a mbr i dge Encyclopedia o f Language [M ].Fore i gn L anguage T each i ng and R esearch P ress ,2002.[2]F ree m an ,R.&M cE lhi nny ,B .L anguage and G ender[C]//In M ckay ,S .L .,H ornberge r ,N.H.Soc i o li ngus ti c and L anguage T each i ng .Shanghai F oreign Language Educati on P ress ,2001.[3]Lakof,f nguag e and W o m en s P lace[M ].N e w Y ork :H arper &R ow,Pub lishe rs ,1975.[4]康卉等.英语语言性别差异的社会语言学初探[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2009(36).[5]梁鲁晋.性别身份在英语广告中的建构[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2003(2).从社会语言学角度思考女性语言的特点张艳双 张富丽 吴宇(西安建筑科技大学文学院 西安 710055)[摘 要] 女性语言表现在社会生活的方方面面,发挥着重要的作用。