2012年4月份英语二试卷
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
其他都不符合题意。
2.【答案】B【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。
3.【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。
4.【答案】A【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。
Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。
5.【答案】C【解析】not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。
所以选C。
6.【答案】D【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。
根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。
7.【答案】C【解析】GI。
在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。
这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。
选C。
8.【答案】A【解析】该句意思为，GI。
这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。
Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。
9.【答案】C【解析】空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。
2012年英语二(完整版)
I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part cannot be properly settled.
发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。英国、 加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。
诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向。2004 年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大 型调查，结果发现，近 40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而 25 岁以上的印度人只有约 3.3%受过中学以上教 育。“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他 们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产 品。
Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new dictionary that can work well. Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.
To sum up, the senior citizens enjoys more content than the young people. In order to improve this situation, and make life of those who are between 40s and 50s easier, the authorities, relevant departments and certain enterprises should adopt some measures to increase salaries and perfect welfare system. What’s more, adults under 40 themselves should also treat their work with a positive and proper attitude and spare more time on physical practice after long-hour work. Only in this way can we assure that as many people as possible will live a contented life.
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考研英语二真题
2012 年考研英语二真题（完整版）Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens ofbattle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States ha s 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary ofstate Joe。
2012考研英语二真题
2012考研英语二真题2012考研英语二真题文字版(网络版)Section1 Use of EnglishDirections:Millions of Americans andforeigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens ofbattle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4)of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign ofmurder.this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an averageguy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutalenemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. isjust a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was onall of the article 8) to soldiers .AndJoe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a workingclass name.The United States has 10)had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fightingGerman ,Japanese ,and Korean troops . He appers as acharacter ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story ofGI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of thesoldiersPyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for coveringthe (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, nothow many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, Hisreports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist BillMaulden. Both men(17)the dirt andback [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed[C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted[C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted[C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]onthe contrary [B] by this means[C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer thequestion after each text by choosing A,B,C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of astudent’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers areallowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for nomore than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework andsee vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well onstate tests without completing theirhomework, but what about the students whoperformed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what worksbest for their students, the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions abouthomework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing toensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willingto review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsiblefor setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts publichearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]resultin students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text couldbe______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Prettyin pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet itis pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsicallybad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrategirlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity toappearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, Idespaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, butaccording to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it isnot. Childrenwere not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in theera before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practicalmatter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’smore, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutraldresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered themore masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated withstrength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy andfaithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, whenamplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketingstrategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherentlyattractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for thefirst few critical years.I hadnot realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what isnatural to kins, including our core beliefsabout their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something expertsdeveloped after years of research into children’s beh aviour: wrong. Turnsout,acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it waspopularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Tradepublications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales,they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that itevolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, oradults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify genderdifferences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.Bysaying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author meanspink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development wasmuch influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.Wemay learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focuson infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A]clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C]mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. Thechief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it isunclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.ASthe industry advances ,however,other suits may have an evenpanies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNAmolecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking forcorrelations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict adrug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting thedits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suitrelated to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court willhear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which includedseddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meetingwaspacked.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting waspacked”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyer swere keen to attend conventiongs35.generallyspeaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but thisera of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,itwill likely change the life course and character of a generation of youngadults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, andthe character of our society for years.Noone tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this nationaleconomic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, hadimproved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and morefinancially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. Inlimited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At thevery least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches andbiggerhouses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.Butfor the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In TheMoral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedmanargues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economicstagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited andless inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights andfreedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflictbetween races and classes.Incomeinequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in thisone,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, anddecrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. Theresearch of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggeststhat not all people graduating into arecession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to wherethey otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is themasses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularlyeasy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin Americansociety. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these leantimes are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was moresocially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, anda variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixedresults. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshapeour social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer theyextend.36.Bysaying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that thejobless tryto___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.Accordingto Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.BenjaminFriedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights andfreedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.Theresearch of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from eliteuniversities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.Theauthor thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Readthe following text and answer the questions by finding information from theleft column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the rightcolumn. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplishedin this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly,Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This couldbe no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truthabout how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning fromforefathers and more interested in feelingtheir pain. Today, we want empathy,not inspiration.Fromthe earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recountingthe exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his ramblingwriting De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (orvirtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conqueringfortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition whichNiccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as theskills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes ofgreatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authorsof their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experiencerather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual SmileswroteSelf-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists andexplores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power ofself-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplishfor himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beaconsto guide the working man through his difficult life.Thiswas all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on thetruly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledgedas possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them,history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth norwaged battles:“It isman, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story ofthe masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate theeconomic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epochstood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as theyplease; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but undercircumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”Thiswas the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In placeof Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and EricHobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Wholenew realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — wereopened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And ittransformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating asupstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorersSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from Englishinto Chinese.Write your translationon ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worryabout migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure toSilicon Valley or to hospitals anduniversities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract byusing immigration rules that privilegecollege graduates .Lots of studies have foundthatwell-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian householdsin 2004 foundthat nearly 40%ofemigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of25.This "brain drain "has longbothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them ofmuch-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up withclever new products for their factoriesto make .10.0%Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSupposeyou have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customerservice center to1)makea complaint and2)demanda prompt solutionYoushould write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Donot sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei"instead .48 、write an essay based on the followingtable .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least150words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查满意不清楚不满意年龄-------满意度16.7% 50.0% 33．3%小于等于40岁41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it need to be. To the men and women who served 1in World War Ⅱand the people they liberated, the GI was the 2common man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3bore all the burdens of battles, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 necessities of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5but an average guy up 6into the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies in centuries.翻译：数以千计的美国人和其它国家的人都认为二战时期的美国兵是愚蠢的战争玩具，是美国军事冒险主义象征，但事实并非如此。
2012年英语二ext4
2012年英语二ext4In 2012, the English II exam posed several challengesfor students. One of the key issues was the time constraint. The exam required students to answer a series of questions within a limited time frame, which put pressure on them to think quickly and write efficiently. This time constraint made it difficult for some students to fully develop their ideas and arguments, leading to incomplete or rushed responses.Another challenge of the 2012 English II exam was the complexity of the questions. The exam included questionsthat required students to analyze and interpret complex texts, as well as questions that asked them to write persuasive and coherent essays. This level of complexity demanded a high level of critical thinking and writing skills, which some students may have found daunting.Furthermore, the 2012 English II exam may havepresented difficulties for non-native English speakers. Theexam required a strong command of the English language, including vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. For students whose first language was not English, this language requirement may have posed a significant challenge and affected their performance on the exam.In addition, the 2012 English II exam may have been emotionally taxing for some students. The pressure to perform well on a high-stakes exam, coupled with the fearof failure, may have caused anxiety and stress for many students. This emotional burden could have impacted their ability to focus and perform to the best of their abilities.Moreover, the 2012 English II exam may have highlighted disparities in educational resources and support. Students from different schools and backgrounds may have had varying levels of preparation and access to resources such as study materials, tutoring, and support from teachers. These disparities could have influenced the performance of students on the exam, creating an uneven playing field for all test-takers.Overall, the 2012 English II exam presented a range of challenges for students, including time constraints, question complexity, language requirements, emotional stress, and disparities in educational resources. These challenges may have affected the performance of students on the exam and raised important questions about the fairness and accessibility of standardized testing.。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题+详版答案-模板
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题真题试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the__2__ man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who __3__ all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the __4__of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid__5__an average guy ,up__6__the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation__7__Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article__8__to soldiers.And Joe? A common name for a guy who never__9__ it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has__10__had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a__11__career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a__12__of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle__13__ portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the__14__side of the war I, writing about the dirt-snow–and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were__15__or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports__16__the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men__17__he dirt and exhaustion of war, the __18__of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.__19__Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,__20__the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds hom ework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imaginat ion about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts de veloped after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)，a trade group，assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision，ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad，a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such asMyriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case，arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision，big questions remain unanswered. For example，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s e fficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----[A].their executives to be active[B].judges to rule out gene patenting[C].genes to be patcntablc[D].the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----[A].genetic tests are not reliable[B].only man-made products are patentable[C].patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon[D].courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----[A].establishing disease comelations[B].discovering gene interactions[C].drawing pictures of genes[D].identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----[A].the supreme court was authoritative[B].the BIO was a powerful organization[C].gene patenting was a great concern[D].lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----[A].critical[B].supportive[C].scornful[D].objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many res pects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless tryto___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimme d as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points) “Universal history, the history of what man has a ccomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approachthe past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the hist ory of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and the ir record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon V alley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.This"brain drain"has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their univer-sities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead . Part B48.Directions:write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查答案解析1．【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2012考研英语二真题
2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American military adventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who ___1___in World WarⅡand the people they liberated,the G.I.was the___2___iman grown into hero,the poor farm kid torn away from his home,the guy who___3___iall the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the___4___iof food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid, ___5___ian average guy,up___6___ithe best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much.G.I.is just a military abbreviation___7___Government Issue,and it was on all of the articles___8___to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never ___9___it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe Palooka,Joe Magrac…a working class name.The United States has___10___had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I.Joe had a___11___career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character,or a___12___of American personalities,in the1945movie The Story of G.I.Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle___13___ portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for covering the___14___side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers,not how many miles were___15___or what towns were captured or liberated.His reports___16___he“Willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men___17___the dirt and exhaustion of war,the___18___of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey, shelter,sleep.___19___gypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier,___20___he most important person in their lives.1.[A]served[B]performed[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]loaded[B]eased[C]removed[D]bore4.[A]necessities[B]facilities[C]commodities[D]properties5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]implying[B]meaning[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handed out[B]turn over[C]brought back[D]passed down9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]human[B]military[C]political[D]ethical15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]emphasized[C]avoided[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary[B]by this means[C]from the outset[D]at that pointSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student's academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling;teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than10% of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students'academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely, if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in Paragraph1that nowadays homework_______.[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is gaining more preferences[C]is no longer an educational ritual[D]is not required for advanced courses22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_______.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph3,one problem with the policy is that it may_______.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students'indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers'power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph4,a key question unanswered about homework is whether_______.[A]it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be_______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls'lives.It is not that pink intrinsically bad,but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls' identity to appearance.Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls'lives and interests.Girls'attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it's not.Children were not colour-coded at all until the early20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.What's more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.Blue,with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls,part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological development.Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children'sbehaviour:wrong.Turns out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they should create a“third stepping stone”between infant wear and older kids'clothes.It was only after “toddler”became common shoppers'term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying“it is…the rainbow”(Lines2-3,Para.1),the author means pink_______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls'innocence[C]cannot explain girls'lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls'lives and interests27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colors are encoded in girls'DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls.[C]White is preferred by babies.[D]Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_______.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph4that department stores were advised_______.[A]focuses on infant wear and older kids'clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers'terms30.It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be_______.[A]clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C]mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010,a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its panies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by2005some20%of human genes were patented.But in March2010a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a “preliminary step”in a longer battle.On July29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents'monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain.Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's panies are eager to win patents for“connecting the dots”,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.31.It can be learned from Paragraph1that the biotech companies would like_______.[A]their executives to be active[B]judges to rule out gene patenting[C]genes to be patentable[D]the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe that_______.[A]genetic tests are not reliable[B]only man-made products are patentable[C]patents on genes depend much on innovations[D]courts should restrict access to genetic tests33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for_______.[A]establishing disease correlations[B]discovering gene interactions[C]drawing pictures of genes[D]identifying human DNA34．By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Line4,Para.6)the author means that_______.[A]the Supreme Court was authoritative[B]the BIO was a powerful organization[C]gene patenting was a great concern[D]lawyers were keen to attend conventions35.Generally speaking,the author's attitude toward gene patenting is_______.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]scornful[D]objectiveText4The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways;they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economist in Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character.In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to_______.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]explore reasons for the unemployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph2,the recession has made people_______.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_______.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to_______.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others'[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is_______.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)“Universal history,the history of what man has accomplished in this world,is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly,Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze,but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past:less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today,we want empathy,not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance,the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men.In1337,Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men,highlighting the virtus(or virtue)of classical heroes.Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.This was the biographical tradition which NiccolòMachiavelli turned on its head.In The Prince,he championed cunning, ruthlessness,and boldness,rather than virtue,mercy and justice,as the skills of successful leaders.Over time,the attributes of greatness shifted.The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory.By contrast,the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explorers.“The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help,if patient purpose,resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and manly character,exhibit,”wrote Smiles,“what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.”His biographies of James Watt,Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle,who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther,Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast.“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,”wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto.For them,history did nothing,it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man,real,living man who does all that.”And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.As such,it needed to appreciate the economic realities,the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood.For:“Men make their own history,but they do not make it just as they please;they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves,but under circumstances directly found,given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past.In place of Thomas Carlyle,Britain nurtured Christopher Hill,EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm.History from below stood alongside biographies of great men.Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies.And it transformed public history too:downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text form English into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world.These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.A big survey of Indian households in2004found that nearly40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around3.3%of all Indian over the age of25.This“brain drain”has long bothered policymakers in poor countries.They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities,worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to make.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day.Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint,and2)demand a prompt solution.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.（10points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following table.In your writing you should1)describe the table,and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查参考答案及精析SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】A【精析】本题考查动词词义的区分。
2012年考研英语二真题及优化详解【试卷打印版】
2012年全国硕士研究生英语二入学统一考试Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who ___1___in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the ___2___ man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who ___3___ all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the ___4___ of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid , ___5___ an average guy ,up ___6___ the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation ___7___ Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article ___8___ to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never ___9___ it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has ___10___ had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a ___11___ career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character,or a ___12___ of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle ___13___ portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the ___14___ side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were ___15___ or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports ___16___ the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men ___17___ the dirt and exhaustion of war, the ___18___ of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. ___19___ Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, ___20___ the most important person in their lives.1. [A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed2. [A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal3. [A] bore [B] cased [C] removed [D] loaded4. [A] necessities [B] facilitice [C] commodities [D] propertoes5. [A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence6. [A] for [B] into [C] form [D] against7. [A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming8. [A] handed out [B] turn over [C] brought back [D] passed down9. [A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed10. [A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither11. [A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished12. [A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony13. [A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned14. [A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human15. [A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained16. [A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted17. [A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired18. [A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advancea19. [A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond20. [A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing [A] ,[B] ,[C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.a. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.a. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual[C] is not required for advanced courses [D] is gaining more preferences22.L.a. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education [B] have asked for a different educational standard[C] may have problems finishing their homework [D] have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A] discourage students from doing homework [B] result in students' indifference to their report cards[C] undermine the authority of state tests [D] restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated [B] it counts much in schooling[C] it places extra burdens on teachers [D] it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A] Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy [B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C] Thorny Questions about Homework [D] A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink_________.[A] should not be the sole representation of girlhood [B] should not be associated with girls' innocence[C] cannot explain girls' lack of imagination [D] cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A] Colours are encoded in girls' DNA. [B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders. [D] White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A] the marketing of products for children [B] the observation of children's nature[C] researches into children's behavior [D] studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to________.[A] focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes [B] attach equal importance to different genders[C] classify consumers into smaller groups [D] create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be________.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency [B] fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen [D] well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO),a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like________[A] their executives to be active [B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patcntablc [D] the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that________[A] genetic tests are not reliable [B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon [D] courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for________[A] establishing disease comelations [B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes [D] identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed” (line4,para6)the author means that_______[A] the supreme court was authoritative [B] the BIO was a powerful organization[C] gene patenting was a great concern [D] lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is________[A] critical [B] supportive [C] scornful [D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated inbetter times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to_______.[A] seek subsidies from the govemment [B] explore reasons for the unermployment[C] make profits from the troubled economy [D] look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people________.[A] realize the national dream [B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their lifestyle [D] reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_________.[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants [B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] Promote the advance of rights and freedoms [D] ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _______.[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities [B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others’ [D] recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A] certain [B] positive [C] trivial [D] destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extrachoices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT .(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stoo[D] For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their recordof struggle.45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEETDo not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、Directions:write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 wordsWrite your essay on on ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄满意度满意不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33.3% 41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0% 大于50岁40.0% 50.0% 10.0%2012年考研英语二真题答案1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子―他们解放的人们可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2012 考研英语二真题
2012考研英语二真题Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) GovernmentIssue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to studentswho do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpate ntsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable. Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atrade group,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepri ordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforeca stawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtheru lingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainrath erbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainst genepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnov ationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyri ad'styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefile dabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnatur e...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisuncl earwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit .ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees fromelite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)。
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绝密×启用前 2012年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语（二）试卷
(预防选择题顺序打乱，依据选项内容来考试，严禁带入考场，严禁
考场外众人前背诵，本次考试很严)
本试卷共9页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
一.单选题10分
1-5 she ...(begged)A； （Normally)D； we...（disclosing）B； he...(on)B； Even..
(rate)D ；
6-10 The..(ensure)C； I don`t..(either) A； Lnerary..(objective) D； Taking..(toward)
C；His..(investment) B 。
二、完形10分
A decision is a ....11-15 (reason)A 、(standing)A、 (involves)D、(Although) C、(must
consider) D
16-20 (chance)B、(slight) D、(But) D、 (into)C、(current) B
三、阅读 30分
ONE21-25The writer feels..(choose between..) C、A straight-A student.. (an
all-excellent..)C 、The writer thanks his..(their easy way..)A、 It is indieated..(to relax
with...)B、 In the passage..(his fully-schedled life)B
TWO 26~30 The word "gadget"..(a cell phone)D 、A cell-phone..(has a unit for..)D、
The American.. (it shuoldobtain..)B 、The issue...(Congress)B、The use of locational..
(privacy)C
THREE31~35According to pararaph1..(when toys were invented) B、The passage
indicates..(preare for..) C、The history..(liable to the...) D、Toys worldwide..(refecting
local..) D 、The development..(changing artistic..) A
四、.汉翻英 单词拼写 10分（注意首字母已经给出只需要拼写后面单词即可）
36.最大量maximum 37.可惜pity 38.贴标签lable 39.收入income 40.饥饿
hungry
41.顺利的smooth 42.真实的truly 43.金属metal 44.幸存survive 45.讨论
discuss
46.混乱confusion 47.音乐会concert 48.买得起afford 49.海滩beach 50.商业
的commercial
51.相等的equal 52.热带的tropical 53.仅仅merely 54.挤压squeeze 55.九
月September
五、WORD FORM 10分(将括号中的各词用适当的形式填入空白)
56.patience 57.dependent 58.frighten 59.manageable 60.providence
61.surprisingly
62.assembling 63.commitment 64.formal 65.verbal
六、.翻译成英文 15分
66.我认为哪部电影不值得看两遍I don't think that movie worth being watched
twice.
67.在东北住的时候你学过滑冰么？Have you ever learned skating when you lived
in northeast.
绝密×启用前 2012年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语（二）试卷
68.那些帮助他人的人值得我们称赞Those people who help others worth our praise.
69.我们说服了他放弃飞机而坐火车走We persuaded him to go by train instead of
plane.
70.通过节食和运动，他把体重减到了150磅He reduced his weight to 150 pounds
by dieting and
Exercise.
七、将下列短文翻译成中文15分
In order to solve the pollution problems began in the middle of the
twentieth Century, many environmental groups have set up. However, the
most important environmentalists may be everyone. If everyone can
contribute, pollution will be greatly reduced.
In daily life, by some way, some of the pollution problem can be controlled.
For example, solid pollution is the main cause of land pollution, but many
garbage, such as empty cans, glass bottles, old car tires and waste
newspaper, which can be recycled. In some places even hire the collection
of used goods for recycling. Also, the air pollution is one of the main
factors that many unnecessary to use the car, so the public transportation,
such as cycling, walking is an excellent choice for avoiding pollution.
为了解决从20世纪中期开始出现的污染问题，很多
环境保护组织纷纷成立，然而，最重要的环保斗士应该是我们大家，如果每个人
都做出努力，污染问题将得到很大程度解决。
某些污染在我们日常生活中就可以控制。例如，固体垃圾是土地污染的重要原
因，但是很多固体垃圾，比如：易拉罐、玻璃瓶、旧轮胎和报纸都是可以回收利
用的。某些地方会把人们的废旧物品有偿回收利用，还有空气污染的一个重要原
因，就是人们过多的使用汽车，有时是没有必要的，所以搭乘共用交通工具，骑
自行车或者步行都可以很好的控制空气污染。