超声波测距仪要点

2015届本科毕业设计（论文）

题目：超声波测距仪

Title：Ultrasonic rangefinder

学号姓名

学院

指导老师专业

完成时间

摘要

本设计的核心是89C52单片机，用它来实现超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方案。整个电路采用模块化设计，由主程序、各模块子程序等模块组成。由超声波模块发射和接受超声波，送回单片机，并通过DS18B20温度模块进行补偿，避免因客观环境的温度变化而影响波速，提高测量精确度。单片机计算距离，显示测量结果。各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理，实现超声波测距仪的各种功能。在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图。

超声波测距在近年来得到了广泛的应用。本设计的优点在于超声波明显特征是方向性好，穿透性强，并且成本低廉，可操作性强。

关键词：89C51、超声波、测距

Abstract:

The core of this design is the 89C52 single chip microcomputer .The design scheme of hardware circuit and software to implement it using the Ultrasonic range finger .Uses the modular design of the whole circuit ,composed by the main programed each modelsubprogram .The transmission and reception of Ultrasonic come time sent to MCU by Ultrasonic module ,and temperature compensation by DS18B20 temperature module. Avoid the change of objective environment .temperature affect velocity ,improve the accuracy of . MCU calculate distance and display the results . The probe signal by MCU integrated.processing of various functional circuits. with the relevant parts of the circuit diagram and program flow diagram .

Ultrasonic distance measurement has been widely used in recent years. The utility model has the advantages of good direction,strong permeability , low cost and strong operability.

目录

摘要 (i)

Abstract: (ii)

1引言...................................................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.1 课题研究的背景以及意义........................................................................................... - 1 -

2 超声波的介绍及测距原理...................................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1 超声波的介绍............................................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1.1 超声波................................................................................................................ - 2 -

2.1.2 超声波的特性.................................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1.3 超声波的应用.................................................................................................... - 4 -

2.2 超声波测距原理以及误差分析................................................................................... - 4 -

2.2.1 超声波测距原理................................................................................................ - 4 -

2.2.2 超声波测距仪的误差分析................................................................................ - 5 -

3 超声波测距系统硬件设计...................................................................................................... - 5 -

3.1 超声波测距系统的结构设计....................................................................................... - 5 -

3.2 超声波测距系统的主控芯片STC89C52 .................................................................... - 6 -

3.3 超声波收发模块........................................................................................................... - 7 -

3.4 温度补偿电路............................................................................................................... - 8 -

3.5 显示电路....................................................................................................................... - 9 -

3.6 声音报警电路........................................................................................................... - 10 -

3.7 超声波测距系统总括................................................................................................. - 11 -

4 软件设计................................................................................................................................ - 11 -

4.1 程序流程图................................................................................................................. - 12 -