高中英语语法复习之复合句
高考英语二轮专题语法总复习-复合句
高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精品复合句怎样理解名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句？The question is when they won the game. 表语从句When they won the game is the question. 主语从句I have the question when they won the game. 同位语从句I wonder when they won the game. 宾语从句表语、主语、同位语和宾语通常由名词充当，所以表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句统称为名词性从句。
Do you know the time when they won the game? 定语从句定语通常由形容词充当，所以定语从句也叫形容词从句When they won the game, I had just finished my job. 状语从句状语通常由副词充当，所以状语从句也叫副词性从句。
结论：从句的分类是依据其在主句中的句子成分而定的。
三类从句的引导词有所不同定语从句引导词有：疑问代词和疑问副词（但不包括what和how）名词性从句引导词：①所有定语从句使用的引导词；②what和how；③少量连词：whether/if, as if/though;④以-ever结尾的疑问词：whatever, whenever等状语从句引导词有：①所有连词；②以-ever结尾的疑问词：whatever, however等定语从句引导词数量最少，状语从句引导词最多。
名词性从句引导词与定语从句引导词最接近（但范围更大），状语从句引导词与定语从句引导词差别最大。
状语从句引导词与名词性从句引导词有部分交叉（以-ever结尾的疑问词）。
另外，when 和where是这三类从句有可以使用的公共引导词。
引导词的理解定语从句引导词没有自己的字面意义，只有指代意义：指代先行词，也就是说引导词意义等于先行词词义；但名词性从句和状语从句引导词不同，它们都具有自己固定的字面意义。
东海高级中学高三英语语法知识复习复合句
东海高级中学2009届高三英语语法知识复习(复合句)一、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，有时可以省略从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句１.由从属连词引导的主语从句：①Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.那个国家是否应该建立核电站……②That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播….２.由连接代词引导的主语从句：①What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是……②Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书……３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：①When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞……③How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……4.关于形式主语it①It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…有必要…… It is important that…重要的是…It is obvious that…很明显…… It is likely that….很可能②It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believe d that…人们相信……It is known to all that…众所周知…It has been decided that…已决定……③It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是…… 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。
高中英语知识点归纳主谓一致的复合情况与应用
高中英语知识点归纳主谓一致的复合情况与应用主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它要求句子中的主语和谓语之间在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
然而，有时在复合句中，情况会变得稍微复杂一些。
本文将对高中英语中主谓一致的复合情况进行归纳总结，并给出相应的应用例句。
一、主语是一个复合结构的情况1. 主语是由两个或更多个单个词或短语构成，且以并列连词“and”连接时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例：Apples and oranges are my favorite fruits.2. 主语是由两个或更多个单个词或短语构成，且以连词“either...or”、“neither...nor”、“not only...but also”连接时，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近谓语动词的词语一致。
例：Either the girl or her friends were responsible for the mistake.3. 主语是由两个或更多个单个词或短语构成，且以“one of...”、“a number of...”、“a group of...”等短语开头时，谓语动词的单复数形式与后面的名词一致。
例：One of the students has already submitted the assignment.二、主语中包含有定语从句的情况1. 当主语中包含有定语从句时，谓语动词的单复数形式与定语从句中的先行词一致。
例：The book that she recommended is very interesting.2. 当主语中包含有定语从句，并且先行词是表示部分的名词，如“a part of...”，“a fraction of...”，“a percentage of...”等时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据定语从句中的谓语动词与后面的名词一致。
例：A fraction of the students have passed the exam.三、主语中包含有带有“one of...”的定语从句的情况1. 当主语中包含有带有“one of...”的定语从句时，谓语动词的单复数形式与定语从句中的谓语动词一致。
高考语法填空知识点专题8：复合句(9页)
8. 复合句1）复合句从句作什么成分就是什么复合句。
I like music that I can dance to.复合句分为三大类：形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句2）关系词就是连接词，一般没有汉语意思（除whose和as）3）先行词被从句所限定修饰的词或句子A.关系词作用特别要理解作句子成分的作用。
B.关系词的分类可概括为“两类两特殊”两类是关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom. 关系副词：when, where, why 两特殊：whose、asC.关系词的选择关系代词和关系副词没有汉语意思，因此要根据句子成分做选择Whose和as有汉语意思，根据意思做选择。
关系代词：从句不完整（即从句缺主语或宾语）一定用关系代词，然后再看先行词。
关系副词：从句完整（即从句不缺主语或宾语）一定用关系副词，然后再看先行词。
注意：区分及物动词和不及物动词。
不及物动词后可以不接宾语。
如：visit和arrive的区别Whose和as根据句子的意思做选择：Whose：“.....的”。
I live in a house whose windows face south.As:“像......一样”。
As is known to all, English is an important subject.D.特殊情况1）关系代词that和which中，只能用that不能用which的情况。
●先行词有最高级、序数词修饰或不定代词修饰时The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.●先行词即有人又有物The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.2）关系代词that和which中，只能用which不能用that的情况。
高中英语语法主从复合句
高中英语语法主从复合句高中英语语法主从复合句主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)【考点分析】状语从句1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句;3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;9. in case引导的状语从句;10.where引导的状语从句;11.once引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
名词从句1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;2.名词从句的语序和时态;3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;4.宾语从句的否定转移;5.whether和if的用法区别;6.what在名词性从句中的使用;7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;9.连接词that的省略;定语从句1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;8.含有插入语的定语从句;9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
高中英语语法主从复合句
高中英语语法主从复合句以下是网给大家的高中英语语法主从复合句，快来看看吧。
1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句;3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;9. in case引导的状语从句;10.where引导的状语从句;11.once引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;2.名词从句的语序和时态;3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;4.宾语从句的否认转移;5.whether和if的用法区别;6.what在名词性从句中的使用;7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;9.连接词that的省略;1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;8.含有插入语的定语从句;9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
高中英语语法个人总结：复合句
复合句概念：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能做句子的一个成分。
从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的从句。
根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
一、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句四种。
(从属连词：用来连接主句和从句的连词称为从属连词)从属连接词：that/whether/if 不充当从句的任何成分连词连接代词：who/whom/whose、what、which当主/宾/表/定语(标签) 连接副词：when/where/how/why 充当从句的状语⚫主语从句1.由连接词引导eg: That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.Whether he will come or not is not yet known.2.由连接代词引导eg: Who will go is not important.What we need is more practice.3.由连接副词引导eg: Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided.When he will return is an important question.4.另外也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语放句子后面eg: It’s a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.It’s reported that three people were killed in the trafficaccident.It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.⚫表语从句1.由连接词引导eg: The question is whether we should ask them for help.2.由连接代词引导eg: China is not what it used to be.3.由连接副词引导eg: That is why he didn’t pass the exam.4.表语从句还可以由as if /as though/ as/because来引导eg: It looks as if it were going to rain.Things are not always as they seem to be.It’s because you eat too much.⚫宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、形容词的宾语。
高中英语语法复合句复习练习
高中英语语法复合句复习练习单句语法填空1．Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________ is not good for the health.2．But Sarah,______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her education.单句改错1．Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.2．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.3．I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.4．Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.填空：①It was time for her to have a new baby,________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.②But the river wasn’t changed in a few days _____ even a few months.①The short road, the easy path_______ the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life.②Smoking not only does harm to their health ______ to others’.③Readers may go to special websites to read a chapter _____ download it to their phones.④Each person sees the same scene, ______each perceives something different about it.⑤Everything was cheap there,________ we did a lot of shopping.⑥Some people believe that loose leaf teas have a fresher flavor than tea bags_______ others prefer tea bags because they’re much easier to use and carry around.改错：⑦Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.⑧If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.⑨In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship.填空：①Choose to be happy,________ we can have a lot of good and happy days continually.②The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass_______ it began to rain heavily.③The air hostess was about to serve lunch _________ a small mouse stole out from the bag of a young man.改错：④I was wandering down the sidewalk while there went a loud crash.⑤I was about to leave while the owner of the shop waved at me.填空：①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree.②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.③The old man has three sons, none of ________ is a doctor.④The old man has three sons, but none of ________ is a doctor.①______ you take the medicine, you will be all right.②Take this medicine, ________ you will be all right.③________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.④Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can’t buy happiness.填空：1．We learn words not by ourselves, ______ in sentences.2．Avoid eating______ drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea or energy drinks.3．Give them a Chinese lunar calendar_____they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.4．It’s hard for parents to bring up their children _____ many students just ignore it.5．The winter in Beijing is very cold_______ that of Kunming is warm.6．Well, I wish I could agree with you._____ I do think Samantha was the best.7．Then we showed our thanks to our parents who brought us up ______ the teachers who have been educating us.8．We were told four ways to the top of the mountain, each of ______ took 60 minutes to complete.9．People from all walks of life come to my house, from________ I’ve gained lots of social experiences.10．Sun Yao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school ________the lift suddenly came to a stop.单句改错1．They are warm, generous but ready to offer help.2．Upon arrival, all of us fell to the ground, tired and delighted.3．Then I was about to leave while all of a sudden, I thought of something.4．I hope my first model experience will be both enjoyable or unforgettable.5．In my memory, my grandma was a hardworking but strong woman full of energy.6．He wanted to take a taxi to school, and he didn’t have any money on him.7．He is always ready to give a hand to others, but he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood.8．One day, some children were playing hideandseek while they heard a boy names Tate shouting: “Help！”9．Many scientists got hurt when they were doing experiments, so they didn’t give up.10．Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of it was very reasonable.填空：1. Maybe you have a habit _______ is driving your family crazy.2. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.3. He came from a family _____ had been rich for at least one hundred years.4. The history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, ___ named it Londinium.5. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, ____ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.6. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.改错：1. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.2. For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, that can decrease the traffic flow.3. They have set up a useful nature park in Sichuan, where is called “Pandas’ Home”．4. I ended up working at McDonalds, which I met some customers who didn’t like Indians and treated me badly.单句语法填空Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue, ______ calls for great concern.2．This could be Mary Moe’s motto — the expression___________ best represents her spirit.3．Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants __________ you can eat many different kinds of food.4．We first attended the opening parade, for _______ our class had made a lot of preparations.5．No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, ______ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.6．Then he was sent to his current home, ________ there were many other giant pandas.7．It makes no difference from ordinary events, in ______candidates go around to seek supports.8．____ is known to all, “Yesterday is history.Tomorrow is mystery.But today is a gift.”9．There is a lady at my school_______ job is to prevent students from leaving the campus without permission.10．Though you learn a lot of English grammar, you are afraid to speak English, especially with foreigners, with________ you have to work.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Mr.Turner, that liked to help his grandfather grow flowers in the garden, was looking forward to the job offered by the company.2．And I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.3．I find it interesting to live in the countryside, which there is very beautiful scenery.4．Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later.5．Which is known to all, nowadays the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.6．Besides, lucky money is the most attractive part for children, it forms the good memory of our childhood.7．It can be very unpleasant in winter which it is cold and the wind is blowing heavily.8．I stay in a dormitory with three other girls, all of them are kind and nice.9．Yesterday our club held an English speech contest, which theme is “ Challenge Myself ”．10．At 16, I left home to do parttime jobs, where made me understand “East or west, home is the best” better.填空：1. By chance, the professor knew _________ the student complained about.2. However, __________ impressed me most was not the natural scenery but the scene of a grandma bathing a little baby in a wooden basin with the door open.3. We should make full use of time to do _______ should be done.4. It is cheerful ______ the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.5. I’m glad to hear________ you’re coming to Sichuan in August.6. They told me ________ these beggars were not worth showing mercy to because most of them cheated people.7. It’s not easy for us to accept the fact ______ we are going to leave our beloved school.8. When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at _______ I saw.9. I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to_______________ the milk was hot or not.10. My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to__________ I live.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It is not a secret________trees are vital to our life.2．Children learn violence behavior from adults or from ________ they see on TV or on the Internet.3．If we want to truly understand _____ animals are eating plastic in the ocean, we will have to think about how animals find food.4．Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine ______ their children should do with their lives.5．Thus, after the spare tire (备胎) was fitted, I asked _________ much I owed him.6．When we have no resources left, we’ll then start to take care of _________ we have.7．But the truth is_____ they still have an influence on our lives today, even if we don’t realize it most of the time.8．However, ________ impressed me most is the International Spy Museum, which I visited on the third day of the trip.单句改错1．Now I’d like to tell you that took place in my school last Thursday.2．From his lesson, we came to a conclusion what it is not so difficult to learn English if we find a good way.3．The reason why I admire him is because he starts every day with a smile.4．I could hardly believe my ears when the news came I was admitted into a key university.5．There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life.7．The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems.8．True friendship will always live on no matter where far apart we are.9．Secondly, we should show our respect for our parents and do which we can to help them.10．The only problem is that because I’m not very good at small talk with people I don’t know.。
高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义(二十四)复合句小结(含真题练习与解析)
2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（二十四）复合句小结（含真题练习与解析）在历年的高考题中，各种题型都会出现大量的结构较复杂或很复杂的复合句。
以2019 年的全国卷二为例，我们盘点一下，这套题中出现的复合句：1.语法填空中出现了3个复合句，（一个时间状语从句、两个定语从句）2.短文改错中出现了5个复合句（两个时间状语从句、两个定语从句和一个原因状语从句。
）3.阅读理解题共出现了23个复合句（A篇出现了6个复合句、B篇有8个复合句、C篇出现了8个复合句，D篇最少，只有一句复合句。
）4.而完形填空出现了6句复合句；5.七选五出现了7句复合句，6.书面表达中需用到2个复合句。
2019全国卷二共计有46个复合句。
这些信息量庞大，种类繁多的复合句会使相当多的考生望而生畏。
主要原因是这些句子一般都比较冗长，很难看清头绪。
在我们学完了名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句之后，应该对复合句有了新的认识：复合句其实就是这三类从句中的某一种或两种与主句共同组成的结构。
而理清复合句结构的头绪靠的是连接词，也可以说连接词是我们找到从句的指示牌，这就如同在运动会的会场上要找到一个代表队是同样的道理：每个代表队有自己特定的对牌。
只要找到了对牌，就能找到它对应的代表队。
剩下的问题就要靠连接词的用法、词类与句子成分之间的关系方面的知识去解决。
实践是最好的老师，一定要坚持不懈地去练习，熟能生巧，攻到自然成。
真题演练找出下列复合句中的从句及其连接词，并说明是那种从句。
1.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Her years of hard workhave finally been acknowledged认可） after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.2.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, but because I want to.”3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，where she opened with her late husband Les.4.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considereddifferent jobs I would like to do.5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】First, I wanted to bea fireman, whose uniform looked so cool.6.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Then,when I was in the fifth grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much. …两个because 引导的并列的原因状语从句句3.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5pm daily at the pet shop inMacclesfield，where she opened with先行词非限定性定语从句her late husband Les.4.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid,I’ve considered different jobs时间状语从句先行词I would like to do.省略了关系代词的定语从句5.First, I wanted to be a fireman, whoseuniform looked so cool. 先行词定语从句6.Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher，because I时间状语从句liked my English teacher very much. .原因状语从句7.It’s about two sisters-Eri a model who either won’t or can’t stop 先行词定语从句8.Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”nightpeople”who are hiding secrets.先行词定语从句9.There was a bit of me that didn't先行词定语从句want to love this when everyone else时间状语从句on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant.but 连接的分句与其之前的整个部分为并列句10.There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nickand Amy battle for your trust. 原因状语从句11.It's a real whodunit and the frustration when yourealise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.（两个从句）when引导时间状语从句到全句结束。
高中英语简明语法系列---复合句讲义
复合句复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。
根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句由三类词引导：一是连词that和if/whether，它们在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分；二是连接代词who、whoever、whom、whosever、what、whatever、which、whichever，它们除起连接作用外，还可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语或表语；连接副词when、where、how、why,它们除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中作状语。
值得一提的是，连接副词whenever、wherever、however等一般不用来引导名词性从句。
(1)主语从句主语从句在句中作主语，它的位置一般在句首。
需要注意的是：主语从句较长时，为了使句子前后平衡，常把主语从句放到句子后部，而用it作其形式上的主语，但what、whatever、whoever等引导的主语从句除外。
由连词whether引导的主语从句，可以直接放在句首作主语，但不能用if取代whether；而当该主语从句放到句子后面、前面用it作形式主语时，可以用if取代whether。
由连词whether引导的主语从句，后接or not时，书面语不能用if取代whether。
例如：It is believed that almost all of the senior high school students can get college education in China in future.大家公认在中国几乎所有的高中学生将来都可以上大学。
Whether he will attend the conference is not known yet.他是否参加会议还不得而知。
It is unknown whether/if she is pregnant.大家还不知道她是否怀孕。
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高考复合句专项讲解 从属连词这种连词是用以引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的. 由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。
从属连词有哪些 大致可分为三大类： 1、that （无词义，不做成分） if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分） 2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词 义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语） 3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever，wherever （有词义，作从句的状语）
1.定语从句
一.定义： 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 3结构：先行词+关系词+从句
二.关系代词引导的定语从句 A. who指人，在从句中做主语Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
B. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
C. which指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. D. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
E. whose通常指人，也可指物，做定语I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 注意： 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend. 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四.限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1．当先行词是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时，或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of等修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级 This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 5. 当先行词既有人，也有物时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 6. 在There be句型中 7. 先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语。
五．只用which，不用that的情况： ①关系代词前有介词，先行词指物时只用which。This is the college in which I am studying. ②引导非限制性定语从句时只用which。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.
六、As的用法 1.as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。 As we know，the earth is round.正如我们所知，地球是圆的。 The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来这对我们人类很重要。 2．as可引导非限制性从句，常常有“正如”之意；which可以表示主从句之间的因果关系。 As we know，smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 He was always late，which made his teacher very angry.他经常迟到使他的老师很生气。 3．当先行词被as，so，such，the same修饰时，关系代词常用as。 That's as good a place as I can find.这是我能找到的好地方。 I've never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听说过像他讲的这种故事。 注意区别： This is the same pen as I used yesterday.这支钢笔和我昨天用的那支一样。(as表示同样的钢笔) This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用的那支钢笔。(that意为同一支钢笔) whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是“名词＋of which”或“of which＋名词”。of whom可以代替whose指人，词序是“名词＋of whom”。 He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房子里。 ＝He lives in a room the_window_of_which (或of_which_the_window)faces south.
七、1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom。 She still remembered the day on which she won the prize.她仍然记得她获奖的那天。 The man with whom she entered the hall was her husband.和她一起走进大厅的那位男子是她的丈夫。 2 “名词/不定代词/数词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句。 I read some books，the_cover_of_which are old.我读了一些书，它们的封面是旧的。 There are forty students in our class in all，most_of_whom are from big cities. 我们班上共有40名学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
八、关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 1．关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I remember the day when(＝on which)I first met her.我记得第一次遇见她的那天。 2．关系副词where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我出生的地方。 3．关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？
九、where在定语从句中引导的地点模糊化即抽象类先行词 1．where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口
2、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。