2012年大学英语四级校考考纲及样题

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2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(第2套)

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Unemployment rate in 2010). Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Education PaysPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).In an opinion piece called "The Toxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar"published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it's wrong to consider sugar just " empty calories. " They write: " There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose (果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills—slowly. "Almost everyone's heard of—or personally experienced—the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn't come as a surprise. But it's doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We're a nation that's sweet on sugar: the average US adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of US children and teens are obese (肥胖的), and across the world the sugar intake (摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide fromnoninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children's Healthcare, said " We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It's not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults. "" There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸) and bad amino acids," Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. "But sugar is toxic beyond its calories. "The food industry tries to imply that " a calorie is a calorie," says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. " But this and other research suggests there is something different about sugar," says Brownell.The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢的) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver—outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSF's Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: " When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where does vodka come from? Sugar. "But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, " it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it. "There's also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. " When calories come in liquids, the body doesn't feel as full," says Brownell. " People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks. "Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being considered in at least 20 US cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1 -cent-per-ounce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eat—and drink—unhealthily will find ways to do it. Teens—no surprise—are good at finding ways to get the things they can't have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven't had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day—that's nearly 15% of his daily calories—in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesn't pack the same emotional punch as a tin of home-made chocolate chip cookies (饼干) , which is why I took my daughter out for a cupcake and not an apple as an after-school treat today. We don't do that regularly—it's the first time this school year, actually—and that's what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where we'd think apples—not a cupcake—are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the report's authors and director of UCSF's Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: " We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspectsof sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated. "For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar and agree that something's got to change:Many of the interventions (干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machines (自动售货机) and snack-bars that sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces." We're not talking prohibition," Schmidt said. " We're not advocating a major imposition of the government into people's lives. We're talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated dose. What we want is to actually increase people's choices by making foods that aren't loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get. "2．Why do some researchers think sugar should be considered "a controlled substance" ?A．It contains nothing but empty calories. B．It is as harmful as morphine and heroin. C．It works the same way as alcohol and tobacco in the human body. D．Excessive intake of sugar results in liver toxicity and various diseases,3．What might be Americans' attitude towards government regulation of sugar consumption? A．Ehusiastic. B．Indifferent. C．Disapproving. D．Supportive.4．What is a consequence of excessive sugar intake worldwide?A．It contributes to 35 million noninfectious disease-related deaths a year. B．It has increased the death toll nearly three times in the past 50 years. C．It contributes to the rise of prices of sugar and sugary foods. D．It has increased the global obesity rate to some 17 percent.5．The food industry tries to relieve the public worry about sugar intake by suggesting that______.A．sugar is no more than a source of energy B．sugar is not harmful like alcohol or tobacco C．the hazard of sugar to the body is exaggerated D．the consumption of sugar is easily controllable 6．According to Brownell, liquid sugar______.A．is especially attractive to young children B．is much easier and quicker to absorb than solid sugar C．effectively stimulates people's appetite D．increases your calorie intake without your knowing it7．What does the author think of the practice of imposing sugar taxes?A．It will harm the food and drink industry. B．It is unlikely to yield the intended effect. C．It is likely to alter people's eating habits. D．It can steer kids away from sugary foods. 8．Regulating sugar will prove tricky because______.A．people consume sugar in large quantities B．nothing has been found to replace sugar C．sugar may convey a sense of love D．many foods will become tasteless9．In order to reduce sugar consumption, education should be conducted to raise people's awareness of its______.10．To address the sugar problem, the author suggests that the licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars selling high sugar products be______.11． A gentle way to steer people away from sugar is to make inexpensive, low-sugar foods______.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.12．A．Find a shortcut to the park. B．Buy some roses from the market. C．Plant trees in the east end of town. D．Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.13．A．She has been invited to give a talk. B．She is going to meet the man at 9:30. C．She cannot attend the presentation. D．She cannot work because of her toothache.14．A．He is a very successful businessman. B．He has changed his business strategy. C．He is making plans to expand his operation. D．He was twenty when he took over the company. 15．A．She has every confidence in Susan. B．She has not read the news on the Net. C．She is a little bit surprised at the news. D．She is not as bright and diligent as Susan.16．A．It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus. B．It is worth the money taking a train to Miami. C．It is not always cheaper going by bus. D．It is faster to go to Miami by train. 17．A．Antiques can improve their image. B．Preservation of antiques is important. C．The old furniture should be replaced. D．They should move into a new office.18．A．All roads were closed because of the flood. B．The man stayed at the lab the whole night. C．The man got home late due to the storm. D．The storm continued until midnight. 19．A．Many children feel bored when left alone. B．The woman's sons might enjoy team sports. C．The woman's kids can play soccer with his son. D．Children should play sports at least once a week.20．A．Make phone calls to promote sales. B．Arrange business negotiations. C．Handle complaints from customers. D．Take orders over the phone.21．A．They had different business strategies. B．Customers often mistook one for the other. C．Conflicts between them could not be properly solved. D．Customers' questions could not be answered on the same day.22．A．They each take a week. B．They like to spend it together. C．They have to take it by turns. D．They are given two weeks each.23．A．At a road crossing. B．Outside a police station. C．Near a school. D．In front of a kindergarten.24．A．He drove too fast to read it. B．He did not notice it. C．It says 45 miles an hour. D．It is not clearly visible.25．A．It should have been renewed two months ago. B．It actually belongs to somebody else. C．It is no longer valid. D．It is not genuine.26．A．He got a ticket. B．He was fined $35. C．He had his driver's license canceled. D．He had to do two weeks' community service.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.27．A．A package of ideas formally presented. B．A short presentation clearly delivered. C．A natural and spontaneous style of speech. D．A clever use of visual aids in presentation.28．A．The skillful use of gestures and facial expressions. B．Differences in style between writing and speaking. C．Different preferences of audiences. D．The importance of preparation. 29．A．The differences between American and Asian cultures. B．The significance of cross-cultural communication. C．The increasing importance of public speaking. D．The key to becoming a good speaker.30．A．By comparing his performance with others'. B．By being repeatedly corrected by adults. C．By observing what their teachers do. D．By being given constant praise.31．A．The best students are usually smart by nature. B．It is only natural for children to make errors. C．Children cannot detect their own mistakes. D．All children should have equal opportunities.32．A．It is favorable to knowledge accumulation. B．It is beneficial to independent children. C．It is unhealthy to students' upbringing. D．It is unhelpful to students' learning. 33．A．They care more about an item's price than its use. B．They grab whatever they think is a good bargain. C．They become excited as if they had never been there. D．They behave as if their memories have failed totally.34．A．Those with a VIP card. B．Those with 15 items or less. C．Those needing assistance. D．Those paying in cash.35．A．Go back and pick up more items. B．Take out some unwanted purchases. C．Change the items they have picked up. D．Calculate the total cost of the groceries.36．A．It calls for carefulness. B．It requires tolerance. C．It needs a good knowledge of math. D．It involves communication skills.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the【B1】______visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things【B2】______on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep【B3】______relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest【B4】______.It may seem to you that most Americans are completely【B5】______by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off【B6】______to make it to their next appointment on time.Americans' language is filled with【B7】______ to time, giving a clear【B8】______of how much it is valued. Time is something to be "on," to be "kept," "filled," "saved," "wasted," "gained," "planned," "given," "made the most of," even "killed. "The international visitor soon learns that【B9】______.Time is so valued in America because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one "wastes" time and doesn't keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth.【B10】______. Many American proverbs (谚语) stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely and setting and working toward specific goals.【B11】______.38．【B2】39．【B3】40．【B4】41．【B5】42．【B6】43．【B7】44．【B8】45．【B9】46．【B10】47．【B11】Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When Carly Fiorina became Hewlett-Packard's first female chief executive officer, the existence of her househusband, Frank Fiorina, who had retired early from AT&T to support her career, was a mini-sensation (小轰动); now this arrangement isn't【S1】______at all. Seven of the 18 women who are【S2】______CEOs of Fortune 500 companies—including Xerox's Ursula Burns and PepsiCo's Indra Nooyi—have, or at some point have had, a stay-at-home husband. So do scores of【S3】______CEOs of smaller companies and women in other senior executive jobs.This role change is【S4】______more and more as women edge past men at work. Women now【S5】______a majority of jobs in the US, including 51.4 percent of managerial and professional【S6】______, according to US Census Bureau data. Some 23 percent of wives now earn more than their husbands. And this earnings trend is more dramatic among younger people. Women 30 and under make more money, on【S7】______, than their male counterparts (年龄相当的人) in many large cities in the US.During the recent【S8】______, three men lost their jobs for every woman. Many unemployed fathers have ended up caring for their children full-time while their wives are the【S9】______wage earners. The number of men in the US who【S10】______care for children under age five increased to 32 percent in 2010 from 19 percent in 1988, according to Census figures.A) appealing I) occupationsB) average J) occurringC) conflict K) positionsD) currently L) primaryE) elementary M) recessionF) ensure N) regularlyG) female O) unusualH) fill48．【S1】49．【S2】51．【S4】52．【S5】53．【S6】54．【S7】55．【S8】56．【S9】57．【S10】Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school, but making the transition (转变) between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is torture. My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.There're few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant, which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight. Issues like downsizing (裁员) and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I'm back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.These lessons I'm learning, however valuable, are always tinged (带有) with a sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. "This job pays well, but it's hell on the body," said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading," she added.My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.58．How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?A．They brought him nothing but torture. B．They were no holiday for him at all. C．They were a relief from his hard work at school. D．They offered him a chance to know more people. 59．What does the author say about college students?A．They expect too much from the real world. B．They have little interest in blue-collar life. C．They think too highly of themselves. D．They are confident of their future.60．What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?A．They do not get decent pay. B．They do not have job security. C．They have to work 12-hourshifts. D．They have to move from place to place.61．In what important way has the author's work experience changed him?A．He learned to be more practical. B．He acquired a sense of urgency. C．He came to respect blue-collar workers. D．He came to appreciate his college education.62．Why does the author feel somewhat guilty?A．He realizes there is a great divide between his life and that of blue-collar workers. B．He looks down upon the mechanical work at the assembly line. C．He has not done much to help his co-workers at the factory. D．He has stayed at school just for the purpose of escaping from the real world.Are people suffering from gadget (小器具) overload? Are they exhausted by the consumer equivalent of the brain fatigue—information overload—that is caused by constant updates of devices and online media?Underwriters Laboratories issued a report last week that found 48% of consumers " feel high-tech manufacturers bring new products to market faster than people need them. "There are two possible explanations. The first, obvious one is that the pace of innovation (创新) is too fast for consumers. The second, less obvious one is that, in fact, innovation is too slow. That is, the new offerings companies are pushing out the door every six months or so are me-too products or ones with just a couple of new features. Marketing schedules, not product innovation, are driving the corporate (公司的) train. Manufacturers in America valued " speed to market" more than in other countries, the report found.Sara Greenstein, Underwriters Laboratories' chief strategy officer, offered her interpretation of the survey results, " Innovation is too fast only if corners are cut. "For the high-tech sector, there are a few other interesting findings. Consumers are less concerned about safety in high-tech products than categories like fresh and processed food. But their top safety concerns are emissions and wireless radio waves. Many people, it seems, are uneasy living in a thickening cloud of radio waves from mobile phone towers and the gadgets they communicate with.A finding that was a bit surprising is that to consumers, the inner parts of high-tech devices do apparently matter. Some 55% of consumers, according to the report, said they are "more concerned about where high-tech components come from than where the product was assembled. "The report doesn't really say how that information would affect consumer buying decisions. It could be complicated. Manufacturing companies on average rely on more than 35 contract suppliers around the world to create a single product. That number would be higher for a smartphone or laptop.But maybe some sort of supply-chain labeling showing where parts come from in a product? "We're working on it," Ms. Greenstein said.63．What is the finding in Underwriters Laboratories' report about many consumers?A．They are exhausted by the information overload. B．They are tired of the constant updating of devices. C．They feel products are updated faster than needed. D．They have difficulty following high-tech innovations.64．What does the author mean by "me-too products"?A．Products with no substantial difference. B．Products tailored to individual users. C．Products everyone is eager to possess. D．Products companies compete to make.65．What do American businesses give priority to when marketing their products?A．The constant updating of their technology. B．The speed of putting them on the market. C．The quality of their new products. D．The pace of product innovation.66．What is the consumers' chief concern about high-tech products?A．User-friendliness. B．Product quality. C．Place of assembly. D．Radio emissions. 67．Why does the author suggest supply-chain labeling?A．It guarantees the safe shipping of products. B．It promotes the competitiveness of the supplier. C．Consumers care about where components are made. D．Consumers tend to buy products they are familiar with.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children's willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been observed【C1】______the animal kingdom, in people, monkeys and even spiders. The more secure we are in our【C2】______to Mom, the more likely we are to try new things and take risks. Now researchers are discovering that this effect continues into adulthood. A【C3】______reminder of Mom's touch or the sound of her voice on the phone is【C4】______to change people's minds and moods,【C5】______their decision making in measurable ways.In a study【C6】______online in April in Psychological Science, undergraduate business students had to choose between safe bets and risky gambles—a bond with a guaranteed 4 percent yearly【C7】______or a riskier stock option, for example. In half the cases, the experimenters patted the students【C8】______on the back of the shoulder for about one second【C9】______providing verbal (口头的) instructions about the study. Both male and female students who were touched by a female experimenter were【C10】______more likely to choose the risky alternative【C11】______were those who had not been touched or were patted by male experimenters. The reassuring (宽慰的) touch of a woman may have induced early associations,【C12】______the same openness to exploration that is observed in young children of【C13】______mothers, explains Jonathan Levav, a business professor at Columbia University and lead author of the study.To further【C14】______that a woman's touch links feelings of security【C15】______risk taking, the researchers asked a【C16】______group of undergraduates to make financial decisions after a writing exercise. Half of them wrote about a time they felt secure and supported, whereas the【C17】______half wrote about feeling insecure and alone. Evoking (唤起) a【C18】______of insecurity made students in the latter group【C19】______receptive to the gentle shoulder pats from female experimenters and much more willing to take a risk—just as a child leaving for a field trip might steal one last reassuring hug【C20】______Mom before stepping on the bus.68．【C1】A．by B．up C．above D．acrossA．concern B．attachment C．treatment D．appeal70．【C3】A．bare B．unique C．mere D．just71．【C4】A．enough B．ready C．easy D．quick。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析

2012年12月英语四级真题答案解析Part I Writing标准版：The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that one with higher education background earns more money weekly than those with lower ones. For instance, the college students with no degree get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelor’s degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher one’s education degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.高分版：Education PaysJudging from the table, we can see that people’s income increases along with their education levels. Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates.The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I don’t think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate. On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more education tend to keep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path.In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the graduate’s ability and leaning habit.作文B：标准版：Education PaysThe above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that unemployment rate of those with higher education background is much lower than those with lower education degree. For instance, the unemployment rate of college students with no degree is as high as 14.9% while that of those with doctoral degree is only 1.9%.The followingreason, in my opinion, is the most important one to account for this phenomenon. Compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which make them more qualified and competent for their task. Thus, they are less likely to lose their jobs.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to avoid unemployment.高分版：Education PaysAs is shown in the table, the unemployment rate decreases steadily as the education level increases. The fact revealed by the statistics is obvious: graduates with a degree are less likely to be unemployed.What has brought about this effect? I believe there are three main reasons. To begin with, the education level is still the top factor that employers would take into account when selecting job candidates. It is believed that people with a college degree tend to be more intelligent and qualified. In addition, as a result of good learning habit formed during college, job hunters with high education background are also more efficient in acquiring and processing job hunting information. Finally, college education equips graduates with specialized skills, leading to greater attachment to the company they are employed and higher possibility to be reemployed even if they leave their previous company.In conclusion, it is the qualifications, learning habit and specialized skills that high education equip a graduate that make one distinctive in labor market.【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。

2012年12月大学英语四级试卷及答案解析汇总

【作文一】1. 你的基本情况your basic information12.你申请贷款的原因、数额及用途you reason for the loan, the amount and purpose3. 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算【作文：图表】图表作文Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningWhen it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an “incredible” new electronic gadget (小器具)in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways-as a technologist, as a corporate (公司的)leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer-and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics (美学), and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea-the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer(平板电脑)-and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecoms and the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy (嬉皮士), permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory (轨迹)of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gates’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the absolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s tastes and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation (创新)has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.As our special report in t his issue (printed before Mr Jobs’s death) explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’ systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores” to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now bei ng snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak (怪人), and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”The gap between Apple and other tech firms is now likely to narrow. This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr Jobs, Mr Bezos also flattered (抬举)him. With Mr Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.Mr Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “reality distortion (扭曲)field”, such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年大学英语四级考试真题 2012年12月份cet4真题

大学英语四级考试真题2012年12月份cet4真题partI Writing (30 minute)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting theirfectures.You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.随着全球变暖现象越来越严重，我身边的着怎样的变化。

2.日常生活中，你认为怎么做才是真正的绿色生活。

On Students Selecting LecturersPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Gulf Wracked By Katrina's Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, MoldA month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region; contamination(污染).Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says.The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back."I don't think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint," said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrina's polluted floodwaters.Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge(淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools."When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment," said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. "It's in their yards and houses."Old Pollution ResurfacingPlaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita."Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge," Subra reported.Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina's and Rita's storm surges.The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana."These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades," she said. "This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品)."Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons (28 million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained.Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality."The sewage treatment plants were underwater," he explained. "Between the animal waste and the human waste, you've got a lot of bacteria."Protection KitsHealth and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs.EPA officials are directing people to its Web site () to inform themselves of the contamination risks.But most people returning to the area don't have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group."If you [do] read the Web site," he added, "you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it."To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles(风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards, V olunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana."The governor is really in favor of this," Subra said. "We just have to determine how we're going to fund them."Toxic Mold BloomsIn addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes. "The mold is growing everywhere-homes are just coated with it," Subra said.The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square meter), they urged."Those [surfaces] that can't be cleaned need to be removed," said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, where respiratory(呼吸的) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting."We're seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold," said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. "And mouth sores from the bad water."Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems.To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections."People had open wound and walked through floodwater with sewage in it," CDC spokesperson V on Roebuck said. "And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio."Disaster Response Care"This is a highly contaminated area," said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMA's disaster-response medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama.Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people areexposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleaning debris.The rudimentary(根本的) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said."They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning," she said. "There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten."Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But it's too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the CDC's Roebuck said."We're looking at that question," he said. "We'd like to know the answer."1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage.3. Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment that it was two weeks ago.4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and environmental agencies.5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.6. The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special.7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere.8. To date, six people have died from¬________.9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get________.10. All of these conditions are to be expected after________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] She refuses to go to dinner.[B] She agrees to go to dinner.[C] She is angry.[D] She is surprised.12. [A] She learns English quickly.[B] Her English isn't very good.[C] Her English is very good.[D] She learns new sentences slowly.13. [A] At a bank.[B] At an inn.[C] On the river side.[D] On a basketball field.14. [A] Go to Paris again.[B] Live in Paris.[C] Go somewhere else.[D] Difficult to say.15. [A] Peter likes to do physical exercise.[B] Peter is absent-minded in class.[C] Peter is a naughty boy.[D] Peter usually walks to class.16. [A] A driving test.[B] A traffic accident.[C] A police movie.[D] The best way to make signals.17. [A] Her sister is a fashionable woman.[B] Her sister is designing a dress.[C] Her sister is studying Spanish.[D] Her sister is in the Philippines.18. [A] She is going to see a movie.[B] She wants to see her friend.[C] She is going to see a film that she has seen before.[D] She is going to find out some information about the film.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] A desire to express oneself and display one's wealth.[B] Individual taste and love for beauty.[C] Love for beauty and a desire to impress other people.[D] Individual taste and a desire to express oneself.20. [A] They may be homesick and feel insecure.[B] They are either cold or very sick.[C] They may try to attract other people's attention.[D] They want to protect themselves from physical injuries.21. [A] Green.[B] Yellow.[C] Red.[D] Grey.22. [A] Reporter and fashion designer.[B] Husband and wife.[C] Shop assistant and customer.[D] Teacher and student.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] She felt embarrassed in class.[B] Her presentation received a poor grade.[C] She had not completed her assignment.[D] She was unable to attend her psychology class.24. [A] She'd be able to leave quickly.[B] She'd be less nervous.[C] She'd be able to locate where the man was seated.[D] She'd know when her professor arrived.25. [A] They blush more readily than women do.[B] They're uncomfortable when performing in front of adults.[C] They don't respond to stress well.[D] They blush less frequently than adults do.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] The Black Plague.[B] Enemy of Humanity.[C] Common Animal pests.[D] Causes of World Hunger.27. [A] They eat or spoil crops.[B] They destroy dams and buildings.[C] They attack birds and animals.[D] They carry diseases.28. [A] In India.[B] In Europe.[C] Throughout the world.[D] Both A and B.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] The island of Guam.[B] Yokoi Shoichi's marriage.[C] The battles on Guam during World War II.[D] A Japanese soldier who hid on Guam.30. [A] They met Yokoi Shoichi when he arrived.[B] They went to a department store to meet him.[C] They saw a display of Shoichi's clothing and equipment.[D] They attended Yokoi Shoichi's wedding.31. [A] Because he hated the war.[B] Because he felt shame and dishonor.[C] Because he wanted to stay away from his friends and foes alike.[D] Because he didn't know that Japan had lost the war.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] How to Make Violins.[B] Expensive Violins.[C] Stradivarius's Secret.[D] Italian Violin Makers.33. [A] Hundreds of violins every day.[B] Over 100,000 violins during his career.[C] Only one violin.[D] Hundreds of violins during his career.34. [A] His notes were never found.[B] His notes were left to his sons.[C] His notes were found by other violin makers.[D] There were not any written notes about his secret.35. [A] Special properties of wood of the violin.[B] The shape and construction of the instrument.[C] Different steps involved in the violin's construction.[D] The special coat of paint on the violin.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are (36) ________ by lenders to decide how rrisky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual.The report holds information about a person's (37) ________ loans and credit-card debt. It records late (38) ________ of bills and any unpaid loans. It all adds up to a credit history. These days, though, lenders often welcome people with bad credit histories. They are (39) ________ higher interest rates and other loan costs.Some Americans want to read their credit report to know if they have been a (40) ________ of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been (41) ________ in their name with stolen personal information.Another reason is that credit reports are not always correct.. They might (42) ________ wrong information or old information.Before 1971, Americans could not see any of this information. One change, in 2001, permits people to see their FICO score. FICO is short for the Fair Isaac (43) ________. (44) __________.Fair Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the world use its technology to create credit scores.(45) _______________________________________________.As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individuals.(46) ______________________________________________________________________.Paying bills on time and paying off credit-card debt improves credit scores.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated ____47 ___? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date.Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole ____48 ___ is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always '____49 ___' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people ____50 ___ themselves. They ____51 ___ "assertiveness training" courses-At for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more ____52 ___ without hurting other people.In one way. learning to speak out is to ____53 ___ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger ____54 ___-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to ____55 ___ your own good sense.You go by the other person's ____56___ . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. Andonce you do, you can learn to speak out.[A] doubt [I] peace[B] active [J] demand[C] system [K] ask[D] offer [L] superior[E] unfairly [M] overcome[F] unfortunately [N] confidence[G] motive [O] roar[H] imageSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree.These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds.Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.57. What does the first paragraph tell us?[A] The ape looks like human beings most.[B] People and the ape think alike.[C] People and the ape behave alike.[D] The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.58. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?[A] All apes are brown or black.[B] All parts of apes' bodies are covered with hair.[C] Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.[D] Apes' arms are strong enough to swim.59. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because ________.[A] They like to live in small family groups[B] They like to move from place to place in search of more food[C] They like to eat eggs, small animals, nuts and insects[D] it rains too often in the deep forests60. Among the three kinds of apes, ________.[A] the gorilla is the biggest[B] the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutan[C] the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbon[D] the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot61. The last paragraph tells us that ________.[A] chimpanzees can do better than human children[B] chimpanzees can do many things that human children cannot do[C] human children can do many things that chimpanzees cannot do[D] the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human childrenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3~21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded(发展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable(孜孜不倦的) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations."Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative(比喻的)language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.62. The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with ________.[A] genius students from day-care centers to colleges[B] students who are fond of computer video games[C] teachers of language in the University of Arizona[D] students who are either mentally or physically disabled63. A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because ________.[A] its fancy design is very attractive[B] it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy[C] the content of it is healthy and promising[D] it is developed by university professors64. According to Professor Healey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps ________.[A] need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts[B] are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp higher-order language concepts[C] are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts[D] tend to be deaf as well and have difficulty learning the simple concept "before and after"65. The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is ________.[A] handicapped students and their problems[B] videodisc and special education[C] computer assisted teaching programs[D] normal children and handicapped kids66. The word "impairment" (Line 2, Para. 1) probably means ________.[A] habit[B] disability[C] misconception[D] beliefPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the ____67 ___ of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their ____68 ___ children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any ____69___ visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an ____70 ___ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care ____71 ___ elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied ____72 ___ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the ____73 ___ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. ____74 ___, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ____75 ___, family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers ____76 ___ a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best ____77 ___ for the job. In other words, they all felt that they ____78 ___ do the job better than anyone else. Social workers ____79 ___ caregivers to find out why they took ___ 80 ___ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had ___81 ___ to help their relative. Some stated that helping others ____82 ___ them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping ____83___ now, they would deserve care when they became old and ____84 ___. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a ____85 ___ satisfying experience for everyone who might be ____86 ___.67. [A] hands [B] arms [C] bodies [D] homes68. [A] growing [B] grown [C] grow [D] grows69. [A] constant [B] lasting [C] regular [D] normal70. [A] imaginary [B] imaginable [C] imaginative [D] imagery71. [A] that [B] this [C] those [D] these72. [A] when [B] how [C] what [D] where73. [A] common [B] ordinary [C] standard [D] average74. [A] Still [B] However [C] Moreover [D] Whereas75. [A] before [B] ago [C] later [D] lately76. [A] share [B] enjoy [C] divide [D] consent77. [A] person [B] people [C] character [D] man78. [A] would [B] will [C] could [D] can79. [A] questioned [B] interviewed [C] inquired [D] interrogate80. [A] in [B] up [C] on [D] off81. [A] admiration [B] initiative [C] necessity [D] obligation82. [A] cause [B] enable [C] make [D] get83. [A] someone [B] anyone [C] everyone [D] anybody84. [A] elderly [B] dependent [C] dependable [D] independent85. [A] similarly [B] differently [C] mutually [D] certainly86. [A] involved [B] excluded [C] included [D] consideredPart VI Translation (5 minutes)。

2012年12月22日大学英语四级(CET-4)考试真题

模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！2012年12月22日大学英语四级(CET-4)考试真题一、Writing （本大题1小题．每题106.0分，共106.0分。

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition . You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: ）第1题Education pays...Education pays in higher earnings and lower unemployment ratesNote: Data are for persons age 25 and over. Earnings are for full-time wage and salary w orkers.Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.【正确答案】：模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！范文一：Education PayWhat is shown in the chart above is that those people with high degree earn more than those with lower. For example, staff with master’s degree receive a better payment than those with bachelor’s degree, ac cording to a survey of the payment to the employee. These survey indicates that education degree does have a relationship with earnings, contrary to the recent theory of useless education.Recently, there is a heated discussion about the significance of the education. Some people hold a view that higher education is useless since college education cannot mesh with the social needs. Some think that higher education is indispensable if you want to go far in both your studies and life. Now that surve y has proved which part is wiser.As for me, I definitely support the view that education is necessary for p eople’s life. Reading can not only make me survive well in this society with fierce competition but also he lp me make sense of life. I pursue for it for my whole life.作文范文2：Education Pays, published every three years, presents detailed evidence of the private and public benefi ts of higher education. It also sheds light on the distribution of these benefits by examining both the incre ases and the persistent disparities in college participation and completion. In the three years between th e publication of Education Pays 2007 and Education Pays 2010, median earnings for four-year college g raduates increased more rapidly than those of high school graduates and the gap between the unemplo yment rates of the two groups grew. In addition to earnings comparisons, the report documents differenc es in lifestyles, health, and other outcomes for people with and without college education. Differences in enrollment and completion patterns across demographic groups highlight the reality that gaps in educati onal attainment are explained by a combination of money and other factors.作文范文3：Pays corresponds to education levels, as is demonstrated by the chart above, “Education: A Weekly Inv estment”. The weekly earnings in 2010 increases with the sort of diploma the person holds. For instance , the college students with no degree get paid $712 per week whereas those with a Bachelor’s degree c an earn 50% more than them.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compa red with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education p ossess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovatio n and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher one’s education degree is the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his co llege, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.。

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套(答案详解)

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套Part I Writing【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。

由于备考时大家只是关注近几年的题型，可能没有关注到以往考察过图表作文。

我们在备考作文的时候，一般会从以下几个方面着手准备，如何描述现象、如何分析原因、如何分析影响、如何给出解决措施、如何进行观点论战等。

其实，图表作文也是从这几个方面展开，只是将第一段的描述现象改为描述图表即可。

可见，无论是考察哪种作文题，我们都可以将它转化为我们熟悉的提纲式。

这次作文题目有两个版本。

题目都是Educational Pays（教育回报），一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高，收入越高，另一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高，失业率越低。

虽然图表描述的具体内容不同，但主题是一致的：教育是值得投资的。

写作思路也是一致的。

两篇范文都是采取三段式的描述方法。

第一段：描述图表。

先一句话引出图表总体内容The above bar chart clearly shows us … 然后具体描述现象We see that…。

最后用for instance引出一些具体数据来例证现象。

第二段：分析原因。

先写一个引出原因的句子，然后具体列举一到两个原因即可。

由于字数限制，原因不必列太多。

第三段：给出建议。

先是总结这个现象This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.（教育值得投资）。

然后是建议国家增大教育投资，以及个人要努力学习。

这种三段式的写作模式容易掌握，在考场中比较实用，建议大家仿写。

【高分版点评】本次四级作文围绕着同一个话题，education pay（教育回报），出现了两个版本，一个是教育和失业率的关系，另一个是教育和收入的关系。

2012年6月大学英语四级真题

201206 CET-4Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C）and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year's list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolersand 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423-among the top 2% in the country-on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale's students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) "Hillsjail. " Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?"So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three "houses," romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students' success."We're constantly talking about one another's advisers," says English teacher Chris Crockett. "If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean's office, it's like a personal failure." Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95."It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them."But not all schools show advances after downsizing,and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it's easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they'd like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation."It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation, "their letter read. in part. "Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities."In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won't be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1． Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students' performance on SATD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers' workload increased.B)Students' performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students' academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale's students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the "advisory" classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8.________is still considered a strength of Newsweek's school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use________.10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take________.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B）、C）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

2012年12月英语四级完整版真题

2012年12月英语四级完整版真题:第二套Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Make phone calls to promote sales.B) Arrange business negotiations.C) Handle complaints from customers.D) Take orders over the phone.20. A) They had different business strategies.B) Customers often mistook one for the other.C) Conflicts between them could not be properly solved.D) Customers' questions could not be answered on the same day.21. A) They each take a week.B) They like to spend it together.C) They have to take it by turns.D) They are given two weeks each.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) At a road crossing.B) Outside a police station.C)D) In front of a kindergarten.23. A) He drove too fast to read it.B) He did not notice it.C) It says 45 miles an hour.D) It is not clearly visible. 24. A) It should have been renewed two months ago.B) It actually belongs to somebody else.C) It is no longer valid.D) It is not genuine.25. A) He got a ticket.B) He was fined $35.C) He had his driver's license canceled.D) He had to do two weeks' community service.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) They care more about an item's price than its use.B) They grab whatever they think is a good bargain.C) They become excited as if they had never been there.D) They behave as if their memories have failed totally.27. A) Those with a VIP card. C) Those needing assistance.B) Those with 15 items or less. D) Those paying in cash.28. A) Go back and pick up more items. C) Change the items they have picked up.B) Take out some unwanted purchases. D) Calculate the total cost of the groceries.29. A) It calls for carefulness. C) It needs a good knowledge of math.B) It requires tolerance. D) It involves communication skills.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) A package of ideas formally presented.B) A short presentation clearly delivered.C) A natural and spontaneous style ot speech.D) A clever use of visual aids in presentation.31. A) The skillful use of gestures and facial expressions.B) Differences in style between writing and speaking.C) Different preferences of audiences.D) The importance of preparation.32. A) The differences between American and Asian cultures.B) The significance of cross-cultural communication.C) The increasing importance of public speaking.D) The key to becoming a good speaker.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) By comparing his performance with others'.B) By being repeatedly .C) By observing what their teachers do. D) By being given constant praise.34. A) The best students are usually smart by nature.B) It is only natural for children to make errors.C) Children cannot detect their own mistakes.D) All children should have equal opportunities.35. A) It is favorable to knowledge accumulation.B) It is beneficial to independent children.C) It is unhealthy to students' upbringing.D) It is unhelpful to students' learning.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school. but making the transition（转变）between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is torture. My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.There're few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine 1 ran in the plant, which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward .The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job欢迎下载 2could disappear overnight. Issues like downsizing（裁员）and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I'm back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.These lessons I'm learning, however valuable, are always tinged（带有）with a sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. "This job pays well, but it's hell on the body," said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading," she added.My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.57. How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?A) They brought him nothing but torture.B) They were no holiday for him at all.C) They were a relief from his hard work at school.D) They offered him a chance to know more people.58. What does the author say about college students?A) They expect too much from the real world.B) They have little interest in blue-collar life.C) They think too highly of themselves. D) They are confident of their future.59. What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?A) They do not get decent pay.B) They do not have job security.C) They have to work 12-hour shifts.D) They have to move from place to place.60. In what important way has the author's work experience changed him?A) He learned to be more practical.B) He acquired a sense of urgency.C) He came to respect blue-collar workers.D) He came to appreciate his college education61. Why does the author feel somewhat guilty?A) He realizes there is a great divide between his life and that of blue-collar workers.B) He looks down upon the mechanical work at the assembly line.C) He has not done much to help his co-workers at the factory.D) He has stayed at school just for the purpose of escaping from the real world.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Are people suffering from gadget（小器具）overload? Are they欢迎下载 3exhausted by the consumer equivalent of the brain fatigue-information overload that is caused by constant updates of devices and online media?Underwriters Laboratories issued a report last week that found 48% of consumers "feel high-tech manufacturers bring new products to market faster than people need them."There are two possible explanations. The first, obvious one is that the pace of innovation（创新）is too fast for consumers. The second less obvious one is that, in fact, innovation is too slow. That is, the new offerings companies are pushing out the door every six months or so are me-too products or ones with just a couple of new features. Marketing schedules, not product innovation, are driving the corporate（公司的）train. Manufacturers in America valued "speed to market" more than in other countries, the report found.Sara Greenstein, Underwriters Laboratories' chief strategy officer, offered her interpretation of the survey results. "Innovation is too fast only if corners are cut."For the high-tech sector, there are a few other interesting findings. Consumers are less concerned about safety in high-tech products than categories like fresh and processed food. But their top safety concerns are emissions and wireless radio waves. Many people, it seems, are uneasy living in a thickening cloud of radio waves from mobile phone towers and the gadgets they communicate with.A finding that was a hit surprising is that to consumers, the inner parts of high-tech devices do apparently matter. Some 55% of consumers, according to the report, said they are "more concerned about where high-tech components come from than where the product was assembled."The report doesn't really say how that information would affect consumer buying decisions. It could be complicated. Manufacturing companies on average rely on more than 35 contract suppliers around the world to create a single product. That number would be higher for a laptop.But maybe some sort of supply-chain labeling showing where parts come from in a product? "We're working on it," Ms. Greenstein said.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

大学英语四级考试2012年6月真题附参考答案及听力原文

大学英语四级考试2012年6月真题及答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and EngineeringMagnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation, ”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students’overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1. Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students’ performance on SATD) providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A) Teachers’ workload increased.B) Students’ performance declined.C) Administration became centralized.D) Students focused more on test scores.3. What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A) They are usually magnet schools.B) They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C) They are popular with high-achieving students.D) They are mostly small in size.4. What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B) A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C) Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D) Students have to meet higher academic standards.5. Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A) their students’ academic achievementB) the number of their students admitted to collegeC) the size and number of their graduating classesD) their college-level test participation6. What can we learn about Hillsdale’s students in the late 1990s?A) They were made to study hard like prisoners.B) They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C) Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D) Their school performance was getting worse.7. According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A) tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB) experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC) maintain closer relationships with their teachersD) tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8. is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9. According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use .10. To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take .Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

2012年6月四级真题+答案详解+听力原文

2012年6月英语四级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year.It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the T alented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band. Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Floren ce, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness thi s system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory” classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, o r see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,” says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like。

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1 乐山师范学院大学英语四级校考考试大纲总则教育部高教司于2007年颁发的普通高校《大学英语课程教学要求》指出，大学阶段的英语教学要求分为三个层次：一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。大学英语四级考试面向按一般要求修完大学英语课程的在校大学生。根据《教学要求》，针对我校学生实际英语水平，特制定以下大学英语四级校考考试大纲。 1、考试目的：通过考试，检查学生是否达到了教育部规定的大学英语课程教学要求的水平。 2、参考人员：我校08、09级未通过全国大学英语四级考试的非艺体类本科学生。 3、命题范围：4000个基础词汇和700个词组，其中1800个词汇为积极词汇，即能在认知基础上熟练运用的词汇。 4、考试形式：笔试 5、考试题型：客观题和主观题

本次校考由教务处统一管理，由外国语学院统一命题、统一测试、统一阅卷，最后由教务处统计报分。

2012年大学英语四级校考要求和试卷设计乐山师范学院2012年大学英语四级校考包括“词汇与语法、阅读理解、完型填空、汉译英、写作(短文写作)”五个部分。 I. 词汇与语法 (Vocabulary and Structure, 30%) 共30题，考试时间为30分钟。本部分词汇占40%，即12题;语法结构占60%，即18题,每题1分。采用多项选择。 1、词汇以测试词义、用法和搭配为主，有一定的习语和短语动词，词汇命题不超出所学教材（《大学体验英语综合教程》）1-3册所列词汇范围。 2、语法部分的命题范围主要有：主谓语一致、非谓语动词、定语从句、状语从句、被动语态、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、反意疑问句、倒装句、虚拟语气等。 II.阅读理解(Reading Comprehension, 30%) 2

共15题，每题2分,考试时间为35分钟。本部分由四篇短文组成，总阅读量在1000词左右（不含理解题）。每篇设计5个理解题，采用多项选择。 1、题材包括传记、社会、文化、日常生活、科普知识等，所涉及的背景知识能为学生所理解；体裁包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。 2、文章的难度不超过四级阅读材料；允许3%的生词，影响理解的关键生词用汉语注释。 3、理解句子水平的意义、理解字面意思和理解事实、细节的题量占75%；根据上下文逻辑关系、主旨大意、推理判断的题量占25%。 III．完型填空 (Cloze, 5%) 本部分为一篇约200字的短文，抠掉其中的10个词，让考生填空，每题0.5分；考试时间为5分钟。采用四选一的考试形式。 IV．汉译英 (Translation from Chinese into English, 10%) 共10题，每题1分。考试时间为5分钟。每题已写出一部分英文翻译，另一部分是汉语提示，学生只需根据汉语提示将句子补充完整。 V．写作(Writing, 25%) 本部分分为段落写作和短文写作两种形式，旨在考查考生是否具有用英语进行书面表达的能力。段落写作将给出主题句，让考生续写。短文写作采用命题作文的方式，给出关键词和提纲，考生按题目和提纲要求，在30分钟内写出一篇约120个左右英语单词的短文，内容切题，表达思想清楚、语言正确。

卷面设计序号试题分项名称题目数记分每题分数值考试时间试题形式

I 语法 18题 18分 1分 30分钟 MC四选一词汇 12题 12分 1分 II 阅读理解 15题 30分 2分 35分钟 MC四选一 III 完形填空 10题 5分 0.5分 5分钟 MC四选一 IV 汉译英 10题 10分 1分 5分钟完成句子

V 段落写作 1题 10分 10分 15分钟段落写作短文写作 1题 15分 15分 30分钟命题作文合计 67题 100分 120分钟

乐山师范学院教务处、外国语学院 2012年3月31日 3

样题 Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%, 1*30, 30 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. The boy jumped with joy when his mother ____ a wonderful Christmas gift from her car. A. took up B. took out C. took off D. took in 2. It was not until dawn __________ their way out of the forest. A. when they found B. that they found C. did they find D. that they didn't l find 3. I have no objection to _______ the windows to get some fresh air. A. open B. being opened C. opening D. be opened 4. It was simply for some special reason ______ they didn’t tell me the truth all the time. A. which B. so C. that D. of which 5. He sent me an e-mail, _______ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 6. My problems are very _______ to yours. A. same B. alike C. like D. similar 7. They suggested that she _______ a working plan. A. make B. makes C. made D. would make 8. She will have to find somewhere else to work, for she can’t ______ this loud noise any longer. A. come up with B. catch up with C. keep up with D. put up with 9. Her work was __ , if not better than, ours. A. so good as B. as good as C. as well as D. as better as 10. I didn’t know what to say but _____ silent at the meeting. A. keep B. keeping C. to keep D. kept 11. Mary, as well as her family, ______ for Beijing tomorrow. A. are leaving B. left C. are to left D. is leaving 12. It’s important for a teacher to make eye _______with her students in the classroom. A. contrast B. contract C. contact D. compact 13. The boy insisted that he _______ to the country for summer vacation. A. to go B. went C. go D. goes 14. She is the only person _______ who knows that secret. A. lively B. alive C. living D. lived 15. After living in Pairs for thirty years, he returned to the small town _____ he had grown up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 4

16. The two boys had so ____ in common that they soon became good friends. A. little B. few C. much D. many 17. It is reported that yesterday’s traffic accident ______ the death of five passengers. A. resulted from B. resulted in C. regarded as D. responded to 18. Never in China ______ been interested in studying foreign languages. A. so many people have B. have so many people C. did so many people D. have very many people 19. You ______ your classmates if you had made an effort last term. A. had caught up with B. would catch up with C. would have caught up with D. have caught up with 20. The lab _____ next year will be more advanced than the old one. A. to be built B. built C. being built D. to build 21. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______. A. to take B. taken C. take D. taking 22. History is a record of mankind; different historians, __________, interpret it differently. A. therefore B. on the contrary C. however D. consequently 23. I suppose you are not serious, __________？ A. do I B. don't I C. are you D. aren't you 24. He saw the thief in this room ____ he opened the door. A. in the moment B. on the moment C. the moment D. for the moment 25. They found a dying old man _____ on the ground when the door was broken open. A. laid B. lied C. lying D. lain 26. It's important to ______ time for relaxation as well. A. set forth B. set before C. set aside D. set about 27. The difficult task ______ me almost a whole week to finish. A. spent B. cost C. took D. lost 28. A student should _______ good study habits if he hopes to be a top student. A. develop B. discover C. make D. get 29. You are _______ enough to have such understanding parents. A. unfortunate B. fortunate C. misfortunate D. fortunately 30. She ____ her trip to New York because she was ill. A. called off B. closed down C. put up D. went off