英语练习试题及参考答案
人教精通版英语(三起点)四年级下册同步课堂练习试题及答案(全册)
Unit 1 Welcome to my new home! Lesson 1同步练习一、英汉互译1.hello________ 6.新的_________2.welcome_________ 7.桌子_________3.bedroom_________ 8.椅子________4. desk_________ 9.卧室________5 home_________ 10.床__________二、翻译下列句子1.欢迎来到我的新家__________________________.2.这有一张新床______________________________.3.There is a new desk and a new chair.________________________________________。
4.Look at my new room.________________________________________。
5.这里有一把椅子在我的卧室里。
________________________________________。
6.你能把它们写出来吗？________________________________________。
7.看我的卧室。
________________________________________。
三、选词填空to at in a1．There is ( ) new desk and a new chair.2．Welcome ( ) my new home.3．Look ()my new home.4．There is a new desk and a new chair（）my bedroom．四、连词成句1．doing，you，what，are (？)2．mugs，am，the，I，washing (?)3．kitchen，at，have，can，a，the，I，look (？)4．you，what，for，I，can，do (？) 5．housework，can，for，some，you，do，me (？)答案一、1.你好 2.欢迎 3.卧室 4.桌子 5.家 6.new 7.desk 8.chair 9.bedroom 10.bed.二、1.welcome to my new home.2.there is a new bed,3.这里有一张桌子和一把椅子。
初二英语试卷及参考答案
初二英语试卷及参考答案初二英语试卷及参考答案做好每份试题的练习,可以帮助你强化英语知识点的记忆,提高做题能力。
以下是店铺给你推荐的初二英语试卷及答案，希望对你有帮助! 初二英语试卷听力部分(20分)I. 听句子，根据所听内容补全下面的句子。
句子读两遍。
(每小题1分，共5分)1. The boy will keep a ______ at home.2. The girl thinks many people will fly to the _______ in 200 years.3. The boy usually plays _______ on Friday afternoons.4. The girl will buy the ________ for Kitty tomorrow.5. The boy’s brother wants to be a _________ in the future.II. 听对话和问题，根据所听内容选择最佳答案。
对话读两遍。
(每小题1分，共5分)6. A. They will be shorter.B. They will be much taller.C. They will be fewer and fewer.7. A. She is an engineer.B. She is an actor.C. She is a waiter.8. A. He failed his English exam. B. He failed his Chinese exam.C. He failed his math exam.9. A. No. B. OK. C. Sorry.10. A. Long B. Short C. We don’t know.III. 听对话，根据所听内容选择最佳答案。
对话读两遍。
(每小题1分，共5分)听第1段对话，回答第11-12小题。
中考英语名词训练试题及答案解析50题
初中英语名词练习题1．Which city is the capital of Japan?A．Shanghai B．Tokyo C．Bangkok D．Beijing【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：哪个城市是日本的首都？考查名词辨析。
Shanghai上海；Tokyo东京；Bangkok曼谷；Beijing北京。
根据常识可知，东京是日本的首都。
故选B。
2．We all know that Women’s Day is in ________.A．February B．March C．June D．July【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我们都知道妇女节在三月份。
考查月份名词辨析。
February二月；March三月；June六月；July七月。
Women’s Day妇女节，可知是三月份，故选B。
3．— Who won the ________ race in the school sports meet?— Victor did. He ran so fast.A．boy’s 100-meter B．boys’ 100-meters C．boys’ 100-meter【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——谁在校运会中赢得了男子百米比赛？——维克多。
他跑的那么快。
考查名词所有格和复合形容词。
根据题干和语境可知，此处指的是男子百米比赛，应用boys’的所有格结构，“百米”用复合形容词100-meter形式。
故选C。
4．—What’s in the ________?—There are some ________ in them.A．photos; potatoes B．photoes; potatos C．photoes; potatoes D．photos; potatos【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——照片里有什么？——里面有一些土豆。
考查名词变复数。
photo照片，属于无生命，变复数时直接加s；potato土豆，变复数时加es。
英语情态动词用法及练习试题及答案
英语情态动词用法及练习试题及答案一、选择题1．－Do you think the rain will stop tomorrow?－_____. It has rained for four days. It’s too wet everywhere.A．I hope not B．I don’t think soC．Don’t worry D．I hope so2．—________. Where’s the nearest supermarket?—Oh, it’s about 300 me ters away, next to a park.A．Thank you B．Excuse me C．Come on D．That’s OK3．—I plan to find a part-time job in the coming summer holiday.—________ It will be a totally different experience.A．See you later. B．You’d better not.C．I’m sorry to know that.D．That sounds like fun.4．—Oh, no! There isn't any salt left.—____________! I’ll buy some when I go into town.A．Good idea B．Go ahead C．Never mind D．Not at all 5．— I find it difficult to fall asleep before exams. Could you help me?— ___________. We have helped many students with similar problems.A．No problem B．Come on C．Well done D．What a pity 6．—I’m afraid I can’t get good grades in the P.E. exam.—________! Train as much as you can.A．Well done B．Keep trying C．Enjoy yourself D．Be careful 7．— I though t I’d try to repair the car myself.— __________ ! You know nothing about the car.A．No way B．You can’t be serious C．I couldn’t agree more D．Don’t change a thing8．— I am so sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time.— ________.A．Please shut up B．It’s your mistake C．It doesn’t matter D．Don’t explain it 9．—I’m afraid I can’t do well in the sports meeting. I might let my classmates down.—_______. You don’t need to push yourself too hard.A．It’s a pleasure B．What a pity C．Take it easy D．You’re welcome 10．--Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday?-- . I have to help my mother with housework.A．I’m afraid not B．Take your timeC．Enjoy yourself D．That’s all right11．–This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs.–__________A．You may ask for help B．I’ll give you a handC．Please do me a favor D．I’d come to help12．—The game is too hard for me. I will certainly lose.—________. You should never say no before you try.A．Forget it! B．Come on! C．I’m sorry.D．Pardon me? 13．— I prefer west ern food. It’s delicious and good for us.—_______ ? But western food is said to be high in sugar and fat.A．Is that right B．How do you know thatC．Do you really think so D．Who told you that14．—I just got a message from Ms. Yang and she said she would come to our meeting this afternoon.— She always has good ideas.A．Why not? B．What a pity! C．Time is up. D．That’ll be very nice. 15．-Do you mind telling me how to use this function? - . It’s easy. Just double-click on the “Pencil” icon.A．No, not at all B．Of course, I doC．Yes, I do D．Yes, I don’t16．— Shall we go to Nanjing Green Expo Park to enjoy the beautiful flowers this afternoon?—________. Let’s go there by bike.A．I think so B．That’s all right C．My pleasure D．Sounds great 17．—I have got a new job as a presenter in the Wenzhou Radio Station!—________.A．Come on B．Good idea C．Congratulations D．All right 18．—Why not take your son to watch the new film A Little Red Flower?—__________.A．Good idea B．No problem C．Good luck D．No way 19．—Do you like cartoons or scary movies?—_______. They can cheer me up.A．Yes, I do B．No, I don't C．Cartoons D．Scary movies 20．—Excuse me, can you give me some water? The cup is empty.—________A．Go ahead. B．My pleasure C．At your service D．You’d better not. 21．—You seem so happy today, Jack.—________? I won the first prize in the singing competition yesterday.A．So what B．How come C．Guess what D．Why not 22．—Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?— _________ ?A．What for B．What is it C．How is it D．How come 23．—I’m going hiking this afternoon. Would you like to go with me?—______, but I must finish my homework first.A．Sorry, I don’t B．That’s right C．I’d love to D．Not at all 24．—Jim seems to be in low spirits. ________?—No one liked his plan. All his efforts were useless.A．Guess what B．What about him C．So what D．What happened25．—It’s been a wonderful party. Thank you very much?—- ________________.A．With pleasure B．No , thanks C．It’s OK D．I’m glad you enjoyed it .26．—Many people think women are better at cooking than men.—________. Most top chefs in the world are men.A．I agree B．I can’t agree more C．Not at all D．That’s not the case 27．—Time is up. I have to go now.—________ ! We don’t have more time to talk.A．That’s cool B．That’s the answer C．T hat’s a pity D．That’s good news 28．—Would you mind if I open the window?—_______.We need fresh air.A．Not at all B．Yes, of course C．You’d better not D．That’s all right 29．—I find it really unwise to go travelling during May Day holiday.—________! Whereve r you go, it’s crowded with cars and people.A．Not exactly B．Forget it C．You said it D．It depends 30．— Why will you take part in the charity walk? You are not good at running at all.— ________. I run to show that I can help others.A．Not exactly B．That’s not the point C．I can’t agree more D．It sounds like a pity 31．—How do you like coffee, Minnie?—It tastes very terrible. ________.A．I have no idea B．I don’t mind it C．I really can’t stand it D．I can’t afford it 32．— Mr. Smith, I won the first prize in the competition.—______ I think you’ll do better and better.A．Congratulations! B．Good idea! C．That’s all right!D．What a shame! 33．—I love the Internet. I’ve come to know many friends on the net.—________. Few of them would become your real friends.A．I c an’t agree more B．I’m pleased to know thatC．That’s for sure D．That’s not the case34．— Mike, are you ready for the coming final exam?— ________. I have prepared it for weeks.A．You bet B．No deal C．Bad luck D．Have fun 35．— Do you think Steve will pass the exam this time?— ________! He spends most of his time playing games on the phone.A．Promise B．No way C．Well done D．No problem 36．—How about putting some pictures into the report?—________ A picture is worth a thousand words.A．I don’t think so.B．Why not?C．Thank you. D．Don’t mention it.37．—Here’s your change.—________A．My pleasure. B．Thank you. C．With pleasure. D．No problem. 38．—I wonder if Tenny is doing well in her new school.—________. She is old enough to look after herself well.A．You’re welcom e B．Good luck C．It’s a pity D．No need to worry 39．—How would you like your soup?—________.A．Very delicious B．With some tomatoes and eggs, pleaseC．I like it very much D．No, thanks40．—I’ll have a chemistry exam tomorrow.—________!A．Well done B．Congratulations C．You’re welcome D．Good luck41．—I visited the Purple Mountain Observatory by myself last Saturday.—________ Why didn’t you tell me earlier?A．You did? B．I hope not. C．Have a good time. D．I can’t believe it. 42．—We can invite Kate and Paul to Baohe Park with us.—________ I’ll give them a call right now.A．Why not? B．What for? C．What’s up?D．Are you kidding? 43．—Mum, Joe has broken a cup!—________. Accidents always happen.A．Pretty good B．Of course C．It doesn’t matter D．That depends 44．—We’ll study in different schools next term. I hope you’ll enjoy your time in the new school!—________A．I’ll take your advice. B．The same to you. C．Congratulations!D．It doesn’t matter.45．— The dress I got is not the same color as that is shown online.—________? But if so, I promise we will send you another one.A．How come B．Who knows C．What for D．Why worry 46．—Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s chemistry class this morning.—________? As far as I know, he never came late to class.A．So what B．Why not C．How come D．Who cares 47．— I guess you want to play tennis in the park this afternoon.—_______. That’s exactly what I was thinking just now.A．It’s up to you B．Of course not C．You read my mind D．It’s hard to say 48．—Another Friday! Let’s go to see the play tonigh t.—________ I will book the tickets online.A．My pleasure. B．That’s right.C．Why not? D．Never mind. 49．—Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?—Of course. ________, Sir.A．Make yourself at home B．Enjoy yourself C．It doesn’t matterD．Take your time50．—How about buying that coat?—________. It’s too expensive. I can’t afford it.A．That sounds good B．No way C．Good idea D．What a pity【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D【解析】试题分析：I hope not我希望不是，I don’t think so我不认为这样，Don’t worry不要担心，I hope so我希望如此。
英语选择题练习题及答案
英语选择题练习题及答案英语选择题练习题及答案英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。
以下是店铺整理的英语选择题练习题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
英语选择题练习题及答案1What is the way George thought of _____ enough money to buy the computer？A. to getB. gettingC. having gotD. being got【正确答案】A【试题解析】考查学生突破定向思维的能力的.同时考查非谓语动词用法。
解本题的关键在于要看出题干中的“非直接相邻”现象，不能看到of就认为后面应该跟动名词，而要意识到George thought of 是the way的第一个定语，第二个定语是个动词不定式，被George thought of隔开了，应该是“George想到的得到足够的钱买电脑的办法”。
英语选择题练习题及答案2一、智力测试1. What number comes next? 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, ?A. 18B. 22C. 21D. 242. It's one to one.what time will it be two mintues later?A. one oneB. two twoC. one twoD. one three3. I’m round (圆的), but I’m not a basketball. I’m your good friend and you can kick (踢) me with your foot. Do you know my name?A. BallB. FootballC. EggD. Apple4. What is that we never borrow but often give back?A. BookB. RulerC. MoneyD. Thanks5. We will go before you can say Jack Robinson.A. as soon as possibleB. before twelve o’clockC. right awayD. at last二、单选1. Though the clothes are new, she has decided to give ________ to the people in disaster areas(灾区)A. it awayB. them awayC. away itD. away them2. ________ exciting news! We will have ________ long holiday after the exam.A. What an; aB. What; aC. How an; theD. How; the3. ——How often do you send an e-mail to your uncle?—— ________.A. For two weeksB. Since last weekC. In a weekD. Every week4. ——Can you give me ________ on how to learn English ________?——With pleasure.A. a good advice; goodB. some advice; wellC. two advices; goodD. any advices; well5. The young college student does a part-time job in the evening. ________, he can pay for his schooling.A. In this wayB. In the wayC. In no wayD. By the way6. ——I’m sorry I ________ my exercise book at home.——Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow, please.A. forget; to takeB. left; to bringC. forget; to bringD. left; to take7. I saw him ________ the key ________ the lock, turn it and open the door.A. pointing; inB. put; inC. putting; toD. point; to8. ——Did you enjoy the party yesterday?—— ________, so I left early.A. It was funB. I enjoyed itC. It was boringD. I haven’t been there9. ——Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well.——Well, I’d like to try those blue ________.A. pairsB. oneC. pantD. pair10.—— ________?——The more, the better.A. How often shall I feed the animalsB. How much is your car worthC. How many friends do you want to make hereD. What’s the population in China一、智力测试1. B 解析：前后数字之差依次为1，2，3，4，5，6、、、所以16+6=22，选B。
【英语】情景交际基础练习试题和答案解析
【英语】情景交际基础练习试题和答案解析一、单项选择情景交际1．---- I am leaving for America to attend a trade fair tomorrow.---- ________. See you in a couple of weeks.A．Congratulations B．All the best C．All the better D．All in all【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际用语。
句意：——我明天要去美国参加一个交易会。
——祝你一切顺利。
几周后见。
A. Congratulations恭喜；B. All the best一切顺利；C. All the better反而更好；D. All in all总而言之。
结合句意故选B。
2．---You don't so well, Betty. What's the matter with you?---I’m going to have the first round of interview tomorrow, so I’m____.A．feeling on cloud nine B．feeling hot under the collarC．felling down in the dumps D．feeling butterflies in my stomach【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查习惯用语。
句意：--贝蒂，你不太好。
怎么了？--我明天要去第一轮面试，所以我感到心里七上八下的。
A. feeling on cloud nine飘飘然；B. feeling hot under the collar怒气冲冲；C. felling down in the dumps情绪低落；D. feeling butterflies in my stomach七上八下。
由上文可知，贝蒂此刻是因为明天的面试感到紧张，心里七上八下，故选D。
英语主谓一致练习题含答案
英语主谓一致练习题含答案一、主谓一致1．Now my father _____ his bike to work every day instead of driving.A．ride B．rode C．rides D．will ride【答案】C【解析】考查点：一般现在时的用法。
解题思路：every day意为“每天”，表示经常性，习惯性的动作，故该句子要使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故答案选C；选项B、D时态错误；2．_____ Tom_____Maria loves this sport.A．Both, and B．Not only, but also C．But, and D．Both, or【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：不仅汤姆，玛丽亚也喜欢这个运动。
Both…and…“两者都……”，连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Not only…but also… “不仅……而且……”，连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
谓语动词用“loves”,所以选择B。
考点: 考查连词的用法。
3．________ Mary ________ Jack is listening to the report carefully, because they are both interested in it very much.A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Both; and D．Not only; but also 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：不仅玛丽而且杰克认真听取了报告，因为他们都对它非常感兴趣。
Neither; nor既不，也不，连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则；Either; or 或者，或者，连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则；Both; and两者都，连接并列主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式；Not only; but also不但，而且，连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则。
旅游管理专业英语（第二版）段开成练习及试题2套及参考答案
考试试卷Part I Reading Comprehension (10 points)Directions: Reading the following passage and choose the correct answersThe ways in which products are put together, that is product formulation, are the most important responses marketing managers make to what they know of their customers' needs and interests. Product decisions, with all their implications for the management of service operations and profitability, reflect all aspects of an organization's management policies, including long-term growth strategy, investment, and personnel policy. They largely determine the corporate image an organization creates in the minds of its existing and prospective customers.To a great extent, the design of products determines what prices can be charged, what forms of promotion are needed, and what distribution channels are used. For all these reasons, customer-related product decisions are the basis of marketing strategy and tactics. As the most important of the four P's in the marketing mix (product, price, promotion and place), product formulation requires careful consideration in any branch of marketing. Because of the particular nature and characteristics of travel and tourism, the subject is especially complex in the tourism industry.Any visit to a tourism destination comprises a mix of several different components, including travel, accommodation, attractions and other facilities, such as catering and entertainment. Sometimes all the components are purchased from a commercial supplier, e.g. when a customer buys an inclusive holiday from a tour operator, or asks a travel agent to put the components togetherfor a business trip. Sometimes customers supply most of the components themselves, e.g. when a visitor drives his own car to stay with friends at a destination.Conveniently known as a "components' view", the conceptualization of travel and tourism products as a group of components or elements brought together in a 'bundle' selected to satisfy needs, is a vital requirement for marketing managers. It is central to this view that the components of the bundle may be designed, altered and fitted together in ways calculated to match identified customer needs.As far as the tourist is concerned, the product covers the complete experience from the time he leaves home to the time he returns to it. Thus the tourist product is to be considered as an amalgam of three main components of attractions, facilities at the destination, and accessibility of the destination. In other words, the tourist product is not an airline seat or a hotel bed, or relaxing on a sunny beach, but rather an amalgam of many components, or package. Airline seats and hotel beds, etc. are merely elements or components of a total tourist product which is a composite product. Without detracting in any way from the general validity and relevance of this overall view of tourism products, it has to be recognized that airlines, hotels, attractions, car rental and other producer organizations in the industry, generally take a much narrower view of the products they sell. They focus primarily on their own services. Many large hotel groups and transport operators employ product managers in their marketing teams and handle product formulation and development entirely in terms of the operations they control. Hotels refer to 'conference products', for example, or 'leisure products'; airlines to 'business class products'; and so on. For this reason, the overall product concept sets the context in which tourism marketing is conducted but it has only limited value in guiding the practical product design decisions that managers of individual producer organizations have to make. A components' view of products still holds good, however, because it is in the nature of service products that they can be divided into a series of specific service operations or elements, which combine to make up the particular products customers buy.It is usually highly instructive to analyze any service producer's operations in terms of the full sequence of contacts between customer and operator, from the time that they make initial inquiries, until they have used the product and left the premises. Even for a product such as that provided by a museum, there is ample scope to analyze all the stages of a visit and potential points of contact that occur from the moment the customer is in sight of the entrance until he leaves the building, say two hours later. Putting the components' view in slightly different terms, individual service producers designing products must define service concept in terms of the bundles of goods and services sold to the customer and the relative importance of each component to the customer.To bring the two distinctive aspects of tourist products together —the overall view and that of individual producer organizations —it is possible to consider them as two different dimensions. The overall view is a horizontal dimension in the sense that a series of individual product components are included in it, and customers, or tour operators acting as manufacturers, can maketheir selection to produce the total experience. By contrast, the producers' view is a vertical dimension of specific service operations organized around the identified needs and wants of target segments of customers. Producers typically have regard for their interactions with other organizations on the horizontal dimensions, but their principal concern is with the vertical dimension of their own operations.From the standpoint of a potential customer considering any form of tourist visit, the product may be defined as a bundle or package of tangible and intangible components, based on activity at a destination. The package is perceived by the tourist as the experience available at a price, and may include destination attractions and environment, destination facilities and services, accessibility of the destination, images of the destination, and price to the customer.Destination attractions and environment that largely determine customers' choice and influence prospective buyers' motivations include natural attractions, built attractions, cultural attractions and social attractions. Combined, these aspects of a destination comprises what is generically, if loosely, known as its environment. The number of visitors the environment can accommodate in a typical range of activities on a typical busy day without damage to its elements and without undermining its attractiveness to visitors is known as its capacity.Destination facilities and services are elements within the destination, or linked to it, which make it possible for visitors to stay and in other ways enjoy and participate in the attractions. These include accommodation units, restaurants, transport at the destination, sports activities, retail outlets, and other facilities and services.Accessibility of the destination refers to the elements that affect the cost, speed and the convenience with which a traveler may reach a destination, including infrastructure, equipment, operational factors and government regulations.The attitudes and images customers have towards products strongly influence their buying decisions. Destination images are not necessarily grounded in experience or facts, but they are powerful motivators in travel and tourism. Images and the expectations of travel experiences are closely linked in prospective customers' mind.Any visit to a destination carries a price, which is the sum of what it costs for travel, accommodation, and participation in a selected range of services at the available attractions. Because most destinations offer a range of products, and appeal to a range of segments, price in the travel and tourism industry covers a very wide range. V isitors traveling thousands of miles and using luxury hotels, for example, pay a very different price in New Y ork than students sharing campus-style accommodation with friends. Y et the two groups may buy adjacent seats in a Broadway theater. Price varies by season, by choice of activities, and internationally by exchange rates as well as by distance traveled, transport mode, and choice of facilities and services.With a little thought it will be clear that the elements comprising the five product components, although they are combined and integrated in the visitor's experience, are in fact capable ofextensive and more or less independent variation over time. Some of these variations are planned, as in the case of the Disney World developments in previously unused areas around Orlando, Florida, where massive engineering works have transformed the natural environment and created a major tourist destination. By contrast, in New Y ork, London, or Paris, the city environments have not been much altered for travel and tourism purposes, although there have been massive planned changes in the services and facilities available to visitors. Many changes in destination attractions are not planned, and in northern Europe the decline in popularity of traditional seaside resorts since the 1960s has been largely the result of changes in the accessibility of competing destinations in the sunnier south of the Continent. Changes in the product components often occur in spite of, and not because of, the wishes of governments and destination planners. They occur because travel and tourism, especially at the international level, is a relatively free market, with customers able to pursue new attractions as they become available. Changes in exchange rates, which alter the prices of destinations, are certainly not planned by the tourism industry, but have a massive effect on visitor numbers, as the movements between the UK and the USA since 1978 have demonstrated. It is in the promotional field of images and perceptions that some of the most interesting changes occur, and these are marketing decisions. The classic recent example of planned image engineering may be found in the "I Love New Y ork" campaign, which, based on extensive preliminary market research, created a significant improvement to the "Big Apple's" appeal in the early 1980s.The view of the product taken by customers, whether or not they buy an inclusive package from a tour operator or travel wholesaler, is essentially the same view or standpoint as that adopted by tour operators. Tour operators act on behalf of the interests of tens or hundreds of thousands of customers, and their brochures are a practical illustration of blending the five product components.The overall view is also the standpoint of national, regional and local tourist organizations, whose responsibilities usually include the coordination and presentation of the product components in their areas. This responsibility is an important one even if the destination tourist organizations are engaged only in liaison and joint marketing, and not in the sale of specific product offers to travelers.In considering the product, we should note that there is no natural or automatic harmony between components, such as attractions and accommodation, and they are seldom under any one organization's control. Even within component sectors such as accommodation there will usually be many different organizations, each with different, perhaps conflicting, objectives and interests. Indeed it is the diversity or fragmentation of overall control, and the relative freedom of producer organizations to act according to their perceived self-interests, at least in the short term, which makes it difficult for national, regional and even local tourist organizations to exert much coordinating influence, either in marketing or in planning. Part of this fragmentation simply reflects the fact that most developed destinations offer a wide range of tourism products and deal with a wide range of segments. In the long term, however, the future success of a destination must involvecoordination and recognition of mutual interests between all the components of the overall tourism product.The overall view of tourism products is highly relevant to the marketing decisions taken by individual producers, especially in establishing the interrelationships and scope for cooperation between suppliers in different sectors of the industry, e.g. between attractions and accommodation, or between transport and accommodation. But in order to design their product offers around specific service operations, there are internal dimensions of products for marketers to consider; these are common to all forms of consumer marketing and part of widely accepted marketing theory. Marketing managers need to think about the product on three levels:The core product, which is the essential service or benefit designed to satisfy the identified needs of target customer segments.The tangible product, which is the specific offer for sale stating what a customer will receive for his money.The augmented product, which comprises all the forms of added value producers may build into their tangible product offers to make them more attractive to their intended customers.The following example of an inclusive weekend break in a hotel will help to explain what the three levels mean in practice. The product offer is a package comprising two night's accommodation and two breakfasts, which may be taken at any one of a chain of hotels located in several different destinations. Because of the bedroom design and facilities available at the hotels, the package is designed to appeal to professional couples with young children. The product is offered for sale at an inclusive price through a brochure, which is distributed at each of the hotels in the chain and through travel agents. The example reveals the three product levels.Core product is intangible but comprises the essential need or benefit as perceived and sought by the customer, expressed in words and pictures designed to motivate purchase. In the example under discussion, the core product may be defined as relaxation, rest, fun and self-fulfillment in a family context. It should be noted that the core product reflects characteristics of the target customer segments, not the hotel. The hotel may, and does aim to, design its core product better than its competitors, and to achieve better delivery of the sought benefits. But all its competitors are aiming at the same basic customer needs and offering virtually identical benefits. Customers' core needs usually tend not to change very quickly, although a hotel's ability to identify and better satisfy such needs can change considerable. Since customer perceptions are never precisely understood, there is ample scope for improvement in this area.Tangible product comprises the formal offer of the product as set out in a brochure, stating exactly what is to be provided at a specified time at a specified price. In the example under discussion, the tangible product is two nights and two breakfasts at a particular location, using rooms of a defined standard, with bathroom, TV, telephone, etc. The provision(if any) of elevators, coffee shops, air-conditioning and swimming pool are all within the formal product and the name ofthe hotel is also included. In the case of hotel products generally, there is often very little to choose between competitors' tangible product offers, and price may become a principal reason for choice. Blindfolded and led to any one of, say, twenty competitors' premises, most hotel customers would not easily recognize the identity of their surroundings. The brochure description of the tangible product forms the basic contract of sale, which would be legally enforceable in most countries.Both tangible and intangible, augmentation is harder to define with precision. It comprises the difference between the contractual essentials of the tangible product and the totality of all the benefits and services experienced in relation to the product by the customer from the moment of first contact in considering a booking to any follow-up contact after delivery and consumption of the product. The augmented product also expresses the idea of value added over and above the formal offer. It represents a vital opportunity for producers to differentiate their own products from those of competitors. In the example under discussion there may be up to twenty 'add ons', some fairly trivial, such as a complimentary box of chocolates on arrival, and some significant, such as entrance tickets to local attractions or entertainments. Some of the added benefits are tangible as indicated, but some are intangible, such as the quality of service provided and the friendliness of staff at reception, in bars and so on. Also intangible is the image or 'position' the product occupies in customers' minds. In the case of a hotel group this will be closely related to the corporate image and branding of the group. In the example under discussion, the augmented elements would be purpose-designed and developed around the core product benefits in ways calculated to increase the appeal to the target segment's needs. There is, inevitably, an area of overlap between the tangible and augmented elements of the product, which cannot be defined with any precision.1. Which of the following is not included in the four P's in the marketing mix?A. productB. priceC. promotionD. people2. According to the overall view, the tourism product is to be considered as an amalgam of the following elements except _______.A. attractionsB. facilities at the destinationC. touristsD. accessibility of the destination3. Which of the following is not considered part of the destination facilities?A. HotelsB. RestaurantsC. Sports activitiesD. Schools4. The carrying capacity of a destination is defined as _______.A.the number of visitors the environment can accommodate in a typical range of activities ona typical busy day without damage to its elements and without undermining itsattractiveness to its visitors.B.the number of travelers the destination can put up for its daily activities without damage toits facilities.C.the number of tourists a destination can contain in a typical range of daily activities withoutdamage to its surroundings.D.the number of people a park can hold in a typical busy day for its entertainment activitieswithout damage to its installations and without harming its image.5. The Big Apple refers to _________.A. New Y orkB. Washington, D.C. C. Los AngelesD. Boston6. Which of the following is not one of the three levels on which marketing managers need to think about the tourism product?A. The core productB. The tangible productC. The intangible productD. The augmented product7. Accessibility of a destination refers to the elements that affect the cost, speed, and the convenience with which a tourist may _____ a destination.A. stay inB. get toC. leaveD. contact8. The core product is _______.A. tangibleB. intangibleC. physicalD. invisible9. The design of tourism products largely determines the following except ______.A. the priceB. the form of distributionC. the distribution channelD. the customers' buying decision10. The augmented product is the difference between _________.A. the formal offer and the actual total experience of the touristsB. the contractual essentials and the totality of tourists' expectationsC. the add-on values and the real valuesD. the tangible product and the follow-up activitiesPart II Terms Used in Tourism Industry (30 points)Directions: Spell out the following initials and acronyms1.LBO2.MBO3.CRS4.ROI5.EDI6.ERPTA8.CEO9.ADR10.POSDirections: Define the following terms 1.synergy2.Delphi Analysis3.Intellectual Property4.Seven-S Framework5.mission statementPart III Questions and Answers (20 points)Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions1.What is the significance of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 to the American tourismindustry?2.What are the differences between GDP and GNP?3.What are the key management functions?4.How does yield management work in hotel management?Part IV Translation (30 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.According to advance figures from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the national economy (as measured by gross domestic product) contracted at an inflation-adjusted 0.4 percent annual rate in the third quarter—the first quarter of negative growth in more than eight years. Most economists predict an even larger contraction in the fourth quarter of 2001. If there is negative growth in the fourth quarter of 2001, then the economy officially will be in a recession. Within the restaurant industry, the employment picture also looks bleak. On a seasonally adjusted basis, eating-and-drinking places cut 42,000 jobs in October, which followed a 43,000 job reduction in September. This marks the worst restaurant-industry employment performance on record for those two months.Directions: Translate the following passage into English.管理从19世纪末才开始形成一门科学，但是管理的概念和实践已经存在了数千年。
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英语练习试题及参考答案
多做练习是提高英语成绩的有效方法，下面是小编给大家准备的
英语练习试题，供大家参考，希望能喜欢。
英语练习试题
一、单项选择
1.–You’re not free now, are you?
----_____. I have some work to do.
A.Yes, I am.
B. No, I am.
C. Yes, I am not.
D. No, I’m not.
2.---Which of these two pairs of shoes will you take?
---I’ll take ____ to give me a change sometimes.
A.neither
B.all
C.both
D.either
3.We hear that one of those American students ____ going to
come to our classes next term.
A.will be
B.are
C.is
D.was
4.---______?
--- Sorry, I’m not sure, either.
A.How do you do?
B.Can you help me?
C.Could you please tell me how to pronounce this word?
D.Can you lend me a map?
5.Harry said that he _____ to American before.
A.has been
B.had been
C.had gone
D.would go
二、阅读文章回答问题
Do you sometimes forget bi***days or important
appointments (约会)? Don’t worry! Now you can get help from
your computer. There is a new service on the Internet called on-
line calendars. You start by typing in a list of important dates that
you want to remember, like the bi***days of your family and
friends. Later, you can add other appointments and plans to your
list. The on-line calendar will send you an e-mail message to
remind (提醒) you about your mother’s bi***days or your
friend’s graduation day. If you don’t have time to go shopping,
the on-line calendar lets you order presents (such as flowers or a
book) and pay for them by sending your credit card number. The
on-line calendar also makes a list of your appointments and e-
mails it to you every morning. This service is very convenient (方
便) and easy to use, but you must remember to check your e-mail
every day!
1. What’s the name of the new service on the Internet?
2. What’s the first step for you to do if you want to enjoy
the service?
3. How does the service remind you of the important dates?
4. What is not convenient for you to enjoy the service?
答案
一、单项选择
1. D 解析：本题考查反义疑问句的回答，应该根据事实就是的原
则，后文说我有一些工作要做，所以应该是没空的，就应该是no.
2. C 解析：both表示两者都的意思。从后文可以看出他是两个都
要买的。Neither表示两者都不，all表示三个或三个以上的全部，
either表示两者任选其一。
3. B 解析：从next term可以看出表示是将来的事件，应该用一
般将来时。be going to可以表示将来
4. C 解析：答句的意思是我也不确定，所以应该选C，意思是你
能不能告诉我怎么拼读这个词?
5. B 解析：have gone to表示去过了，没回来。Have been to
表示去了，回来了。且主句中用的是过去时，后面也要用过去时态。
二、阅读文章回答问题
1. On-line calendar. 解析：本题答案在第三行。
2. Typing in a list of important dates that you want to
remember. 解析：本题答案在第三行。
3. It will send you an e-mail message to remind you. 解析：
本题答案在第六行。
4. You must remember to check your e-mail every day. 解析：
本题答案在最后一句。
(做阅读理解最终要的是要在文中将答案划出来，孩子们要养成这
个习惯，可以保证阅读的准确率。)