Car Model List
R语言用nls做非线性回归以及函数模型的参数估计
R语⾔⽤nls做⾮线性回归以及函数模型的参数估计⾮线性回归是在对变量的⾮线性关系有⼀定认识前提下，对⾮线性函数的参数进⾏最优化的过程，最优化后的参数会使得模型的RSS（残差平⽅和）达到最⼩。
在R语⾔中最为常⽤的⾮线性回归建模函数是nls，下⾯以car包中的USPop数据集为例来讲解其⽤法。
数据中population表⽰⼈⼝数，year表⽰年份。
如果将⼆者绘制散点图可以发现它们之间的⾮线性关系。
在建⽴⾮线性回归模型时需要事先确定两件事，⼀个是⾮线性函数形式，另⼀个是参数初始值。
⼀、模型拟合对于⼈⼝模型可以采⽤Logistic增长函数形式，它考虑了初期的指数增长以及总资源的限制。
其函数形式如下。
⾸先载⼊car包以便读取数据，然后使⽤nls函数进⾏建模，其中theta1、theta2、theta3表⽰三个待估计参数，start设置了参数初始值，设定trace为真以显⽰迭代过程。
nls函数默认采⽤Gauss-Newton⽅法寻找极值，迭代过程中第⼀列为RSS值，后⾯三列是各参数估计值。
然后⽤summary返回回归结果。
library(car)pop.mod1 <- nls(population ~ theta1/(1+exp(-(theta2+theta3*year))),start=list(theta1 = 400, theta2 = -49, theta3 = 0.025), data=USPop, trace=T)summary(pop.mod) 还有⼀种更为简便的⽅法就是采⽤内置⾃启动模型(self-starting Models)，此时我们只需要指定函数形式，⽽不需要指定参数初始值。
本例的logistic函数所对应的selfstarting函数名为SSlogispop.mod2 <- nls(population ~ SSlogis(year,phi1,phi2,phi3),data=USPop)⼆、判断拟合效果⾮线性回归模型建⽴后需要判断拟合效果，因为有时候参数最优化过程会捕捉到局部极值点⽽⾮全局极值点。
汽车行业企业级BOM管理
EBOM Release & Change Control
BOM Restructure
Additional Information Maintain
Release By Plants
Support Product Mgmt
Support Supply Collaboration
Burlwood
Mahogany
Red leather
Software,Circuits
没有CAD数模旳工程零件
Paint, Fluids
Seals
E-BOM零件
swept volume
closed
Support Design-in-Context
Layout
Prod
Definition
Exterior
Enterprise Change Mgmt
Product Change Management
Engineering Change Management (Eng./Mfg/… Change)
Product Structure Building
Product Configuration
Validate and Analysis
Complete data model to support product line and configuration definitionEasily link to vehicle program management data, such as portfolio and requirements, make sure vehicle design/engineering reflect marketing requirementsProvide a Function BOM to facility cross departments early collaboration and vehicle development tasks breakdown
汽车模型设计理念文案英文
汽车模型设计理念文案英文Title: The Concept of Car Model Design。
In the world of automotive design, the concept of car model design is a crucial aspect that sets the tone for the entire vehicle. It is the foundation upon which the entire design process is built, and it plays a vital role in shaping the final product. The concept of car model design encompasses a wide range of elements, including aesthetics, functionality, and innovation, all of which come together to create a compelling and captivating vehicle.Aesthetic appeal is a fundamental aspect of car model design. The exterior of a car is the first thing that catches the eye, and it must be visually appealing to make a lasting impression. The lines, curves, and proportions of the vehicle must be carefully crafted to create a sense of harmony and balance. A well-designed car model should be able to evoke a sense of emotion and excitement, drawing the viewer in and creating a desire to experience the vehicle firsthand.Functionality is another key consideration in car model design. A well-designed car model should not only look good but also perform well. The layout of the interior, the placement of controls, and the overall ergonomics of the vehicle are all critical factors that must be carefully considered. A good car model should be intuitive and easy to use, providing a comfortable and enjoyable driving experience for the user.Innovation is also an essential aspect of car model design. A truly outstanding car model should push the boundaries of what is possible, introducing new technologies, materials, and design elements that set it apart from the competition. Whether it’s a groundbreaking new powertrain, a revolutionary interior feature, or a cutting-edge exterior design, innovation is what drives the automotive industry forward and keeps it at the forefront of technological advancement.In conclusion, the concept of car model design is a multifaceted and complex process that requires a careful balance of aesthetics, functionality, and innovation. A well-designed car model should be visually appealing, highly functional, and innovative,setting it apart from the competition and capturing the imagination of car enthusiasts around the world. It is the concept of car model design that sets the stage for the creation of truly exceptional vehicles that leave a lasting impact on the automotive industry.。
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辉煌特斯拉 Model S 智能车手册说明书
Features Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink® (HFL) allows you to place and receive phone calls usingyour vehicle’s audio system, without handling your cell phone.Using HFL■HFL Buttons1Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink®Place your phone where you can get good reception.To use HFL, you need a Bluetooth-compatible cellphone. For a list of compatible phones, pairingprocedures, and special feature capabilities:•U.S.: Visit /handsfreelink/,or call 1-888-528-7876.•Canada: For more information on smartphonecompatibility, call 1-855-490-7351.To use the system, the Bluetooth On/Off Statussetting must be On. If there is an active connection toApple CarPlay, HFL is unavailable.Voice control tips•Aim the vents away from the ceiling and close thewindows, as noise coming from them may interferewith the microphone.•Press the button when you want to call anumber using a stored voice tag. Speak clearly andnaturally after a beep.•If the microphone picks up voices other than yours,the command may be misinterpreted.•To change the volume level, use the audio system’svolume or use the audio remote controls on thesteering wheel.Up to five speed dial entries can be displayed amonga total of 20 that can be entered.(Talk) ButtonVolume up(Hang-up/Back) Button(Pick-up) ButtonButtonButtonVolume downuu Bluetooth ® HandsFreeLink ®u Using HFLFeatures(Pick-up) button: Press to go directly to the phone menu on the driver information interface, or to answer an incoming call.(Hang-up/back) button: Press to end a call, go back to the previouscommand, or cancel a command.(Talk) button: Press to access Voice Portal. buttons: Press to select an item displayed on the phone menu in the driver information interface.ENTER button: Press to call a number listed in the selected item on the phonebutton: ENTER to display Speed Dial , Call History , or Phonebook To go to the Phone Menu screen:1.Select .2.Select Phone to switch the display to the phone screen.3.Select .1Bluetooth ® HandsFreeLink ®Up to five previous calls can be displayed at a timeamong a total of 20 that can be entered. If there is no call history, Call History is disabled.Bluetooth ® Wireless TechnologyThe Bluetooth ® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc., and any use of such marks by Honda Motor Co., Ltd., is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.HFL LimitationsAn incoming call on HFL will interrupt the audio system when it is playing. It will resume when the call is ended.34uu Bluetooth ® HandsFreeLink ®u Using HFLFeaturesThe audio/information screen notifies you when there is an incoming call.Certain manual functions are disabled or inoperable while the vehicle is in motion. You cannot select a grayed-out option until the vehicle is stopped.Only previously stored speed dial entries with voice tags, phonebook names, or numbers can be called using voice commands while the vehicle is in motion.■HFL Status Display1HFL Status DisplayThe information that appears on the audio/information screen varies between phone models.■Limitations for Manual Operationuu Bluetooth ® HandsFreeLink ®u Using H FLFeatures■To pair a cell phone (when there is nophone paired to the system)1.Select Phone .2.Select Yes .3.Make sure your phone is in search ordiscoverable mode, then select Continue .u HFL automatically searches for a Bluetooth ® device.4.Select your phone when it appears on the list.u If your phone does not appear, you can select Refresh to search again.u If your phone still does not appear, select Phone Not Found and search for Bluetooth ® devices using your phone.From your phone, search for HandsFreeLink .5.The system gives you a pairing code on the audio/information screen.u Confirm if the pairing code on the screen and your phone match.This may vary by phone.■Phone Setup1Phone SetupYour Bluetooth -compatible phone must be paired to the system before you can make and receive hands-free calls.Phone Pairing Tips:•You cannot pair your phone while the vehicle ismoving.•Up to six phones can be paired.•Your phone's battery may drain faster when it ispaired to the system.•If your phone is not ready for pairing or not foundby the system within three minutes, the system will time out and return to idle.Once you have paired a phone, you can see itdisplayed on the screen with one or two icons on the right side.: The phone can be used with HFL.: The phone is compatible with Bluetooth ® Audio.If there is an active connection to Apple CarPlay, pairing of additional Bluetooth-compatible devices is unavailable andAdd Bluetooth Deviceis grayed out from theBluetooth Device List screen.uu Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink®u Using H FLFeatures ■To change the currently paired phone1.Go to the Phone Settings screen.2.Select Bluetooth Device List.3.Select a phone to connect.u HFL disconnects the connected phoneand starts searching for another pairedphone.4.Selector■To change the pairing code setting1.Select.2.Select Settings.3.Select Bluetooth/Wi-Fi.4.Select the Bluetooth tab.5.Select Edit Pairing Code.6.Select Random or Fixed.1To change the currently paired phoneIf no other phones are found or paired when trying toswitch to another phone, HFL will inform you that theoriginal phone is connected again.To pair other phones, select Add Bluetooth Devicefrom the Bluetooth Device List screen.1To change the pairing code settingThe default pairing code is 0000 until you change thesetting.To create your own, select Fixed, and delete thecurrent code, then enter a new one.For a randomly generated pairing code each time youpair a phone, select Random.uu Bluetooth ® HandsFreeLink ®u Using H FLFeatures■Automatic collision notificationIf your vehicle’s airbags deploy or if the unit detects that the vehicle is severely impacted, your vehicle automatically will attempt to connect to the HondaLink operator. Ifconnected, information about your vehicle, its location, and its condition can be sent to the operator *1; you also can speak to the operator when connected.IMPORTANT: For vehicles equipped with HondaLink Assist, owner activationconstitutes authorization for Honda to collect information from your vehicle needed to provide the service, and agreement to the Terms of Use at /TermsAndConditions . In a crash, HondaLink Assist will attempt to notify emergency services but NEITHER Honda-PRO NOR ITS SERVICE PROVIDERS GUARANTEE THAT SUCH NOTIFICATION WILL OCCUR.Honda reserves the right to terminate HondaLink Assist services at any time or for any reason, and in the future may not be able to provide services due to changes in, or obsolescence of, technology integral to the service or changes in governmental regulation.*1: Depending on your phone and adequate cellular coverage, your vehicle’s location may not be sent to the operator.■In Case of Emergency1In Case of EmergencyYour vehicle may not be able to connect to theoperator if the 12-volt battery level is low, the line is disconnected, or you do not have adequate cellular coverage.You cannot use this emergency service when:•You travel outside the HondaLink service coverage areas.•There is a problem with the connecting devices, such as the microphones, speakers, or the unit itself.You cannot operate other phone-related functions using the screen while talking to the operator.Select Hang Up to terminate the connection to your vehicle.1Automatic collision notificationIf the unit fails to connect to the operator, it repeatedly tries until it succeeds.uu Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink®u Using H FLFeatures ■To enable notification1.Go to the Phone Settings screen.2.Select the Phone tab, then HondaLinkAssist.u A pop-up menu appears on the screen.3.Select On or Off.1To enable notificationSetting options:•On: Notification is available.•Off:Disable the feature.。
汽车行业各种缩写
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汽车专业英语Model Three Automotive Body
Automobiles are also classified into four approximate size categories: full size, intermediate size, compact, and subcompact.
7. Body of Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV): This classification of vehicle covers a range of body designs.
New words and expressions （生词和词组）
hood n. 车篷 fender n. 防护板 protective adj. 防护的 design v. 设计 convertible adj. 两用的 life back n. 两厢两门式 tailgate n. 后挡板 grille n. 进汽活门栅 basic adj. 基础的，基本的 available adj . 可行的 vinyl n. 乙烯树脂 hatch back n. 掀背式
distinguish v. 识别 compartment n. 仓，室 interior adj. 内部的，里面的 enclosed adj. 封闭的 classification n. 类别，归类，分类 cargo n. 货物，荷重
Reading comprehension（补充阅读）
Types of Car （汽车类型） Automobiles may be classified as rear-wheel drive, front-wheel drive, and four-wheel drive, depending on which wheels do the actual driving.
【ASP.NETCore】EFCore-“导航属性”
【ASP.NETCore】EFCore-“导航属性”“导航属性”是实体框架⽤得算是⽐较频繁的概念。⾸先，它是类型成员，其次，他是属性，这不是 F 话，⽽是明确它的本质。那么，什么场景下会⽤到导航属性呢？重点就落在“导航”⼀词上了，当实体 A 需要引⽤实体 B 时，实体 A 中需要公开⼀个属性，通过这个属性，能找到关联的实体 B。
⼜或者，X 实体表⽰你的博客，P 实体表⽰你发的⼀篇博⽂。你的博客肯定会发很多博⽂的，所以，X 实体中可能需要⼀个 List
类型的属性，这个属性包含了你的博客所发表的⽂章。通过⼀个实体的属性成员，可以定位到与之有关联的实体，这就是导航的⽤途了。就像你开着车去穿越神农架⼀样，迷路了就打开⾼德导航（前提是不存在定位⼲扰）。
现在跑江湖的⼈多，通过各种江湖骗术发家致富。有了不正常的财富积累后，他们开始⼤量买车，还买地打造个⼈车库。于是，Person 实体代表这些有钱⼈，CarData 实体表⽰他们买的各种壕车。
public class Person { public int PID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public List Cars { get; set; } }
public class CarData { public Guid CarID { get; set; } public string CarAttribute { get; set; } public decimal Cost { get; set; } }
每个 Person 都有 Cars 属性，表⽰各⾃所购买的车。这个 Cars 就是导航属性，通过这个属性能找到关联的 CarData 实体。再定义⼀个数据上下⽂类。 public class MyContext : DbContext { public DbSet Persons { get { return Set(); } } }
德系日系美系汽车介绍(英文)
Ford Motor Company
Founded：June 16, 1903 Founder：Henry Ford Headquarters：Dearborn, Michigan, U.S The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. In the past it has also produced heavy trucks, tractors and automotive components. Ford owns small stakes in Mazda of Japan and Aston Martin of the United Kingdom. Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914 these methods were known around the world as Fordism.
General Motors Company
Founded：1908 Founder：William C. Durant Headquarters：Renaissance Center Detroit, Michigan, U.S General Motors Company is the world‘s largest automaker, by vehicle unit sales, in 2011, employing 202,000 people and doing business in some 157 countries. In 2009, the company shed several brands, closing Saturn and Pontiac, and emerged from a government backed Chapter 11 reorganization. In 2010, GM made an initial public offering that was one of the world's top 5 largest IPOs to date. GM returned to profitability in 2010.
纯电动汽车动力性匹配设计与模型仿真
Modeling and Simulation 建模与仿真, 2020, 9(3), 357-366Published Online August 2020 in Hans. /journal/moshttps:///10.12677/mos.2020.93036Dynamic Matching Design and ModelSimulation of Pure Electric VehicleWentao Zhang, Li Ye, Zhijun Zhang, Huan Ye, Mengya ZhangSchool of Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, ShanghaiReceived: Aug. 6th, 2020; accepted: Aug. 20th, 2020; published: Aug. 27th, 2020AbstractBased on the selection of basic vehicle parameters and the determination of performance indica-tors, this paper carries out the design matching of dynamic performance parameters of pure elec-tric vehicles. Then, a pure electric vehicle dynamic simulation model is established by vehicle si-mulation software, and the vehicle dynamic performance index is simulated and analyzed by in-putting relevant parameters. Finally, the rationality of simulation model and parameter matching is verified by real car test. This study can provide theoretical basis for the matching design of var-ious systems in the initial stage of pure electric vehicles, carry out range and performance test evaluation of vehicle performance, and provide reference for the analysis of dynamic performance and economic index of pure electric vehicles.KeywordsPure Electric Vehicle, Parameter Design Matching, Vehicle Power Model, Simulation Analysis纯电动汽车动力性匹配设计与模型仿真张文韬，叶立，张志军，叶欢，张梦伢上海理工大学动力工程学院，上海收稿日期：2020年8月6日；录用日期：2020年8月20日；发布日期：2020年8月27日摘要本文基于对整车基本参数的选取与性能指标的确定，进行了纯电动汽车动力性能参数的设计匹配。
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(1) NG: the function is not available in car, no need to do connection;(2) Please refer to the manual for the detailed wiring diagram of the 3 types of Harness;(3) The spare lines are output lines to control relay, door lock, horn & car lights. It is not;(4) CAN: it means that it is controlled by CAN-BUS;(5) For those other models, user can connect the CAN-BUS or OBD connector to test.
Car BrandNo.Car ModelCAN TypewindowcloserLock/ UnlockFlash lightHornHarnesstype1SagitarCANCANCANspare line2Golf seriesCANCANCANspare line3Magotan seriesCANCANCANspare line4new PassatCANCANCANspare line5R36CANCANCANspare line6Octavia seriesCANCANCANspare line7Superb seriesNGCANCANspare line8Touran seriesCANCANCANspare line9CCCANCANCANspare line10SciroccoCANCANCANspare line11Tiguan seriesCANCANCANspare line12TouregCANCANCANspare line13SeatCANCANCANspare line14Bora >2008CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line15Lavida >2008CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line16FabiaScout >2008CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line17POLO >2008CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line18new JettaCAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line19new SantanaCAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line20SharanCAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line
1new RegalOBDCANCANCANCAN2new ExcelleOBDCANCANCANCAN3new GL8OBDCANCANCANCAN4CRUZE seriesOBDCANCANCANCAN5AVEO seriesOBDCANCANCANCAN6Cadillac SRXOBDCANCANCANCAN7Hideo GT seriesOBDCANCANCANCAN8Malibu seriesOBDCANCANCANCAN9CadillacXTSOBDCANCANCANCAN10EncoreOBDCANCANCANCAN11LaCrosseOBDCANCANCANCAN12Park AvenueOBDCANCANCANCAN13new EPICNOBDCANCANCANCAN14Roewe 950OBDCANCANCANCAN
1Bluebird Sylphy >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN2TEANA >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN3Qashqai >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN4TIIDA >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN5Livina >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN6X-TRAIL >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN7SUNNY >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN8March >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN9MURANO >2009OBDNGCANCANCAN
1Highlander >2009OBDspare lineCANCANspare line2Camry 6,7OBDCANCANCANspare line3yaris >2009OBDspare lineCANCANspare line4Verso >2009OBDCANCANCANspare line5COROLLA >2009OBDCANCANCANspare line6Reiz >2010OBDspare lineCANCANspare line7New CROWNOBDspare lineCANCANspare line8New PRADO 4000/2700OBDspare lineCANCANspare line9RAV4 >2009OBDCANCANCANspare line10VIOS >2009OBDCANCANCANspare line
Wirings of Different Car ModelsOBDconnector
OBDconnector
VWspecialsocket
VW
connector
Separatedlines
OBDconnector1Odyssey >2009NGspare linespare linespare line2ACCORD >2009NGspare linespare linespare line3SPIRIOR >2009NGspare linespare linespare line4CrosstourNGspare linespare linespare line5CITY >2009NGspare linespare linespare line6Fit >2008NGspare linespare linespare line7CIVIC >2009, new CIVICNGspare linespare linespare line8 CRV >2009, new CRVNGspare linespare linespare line9CIMO,EVERUS NGspare linespare linespare line10ACCORD 9NGspare linespare linespare line1Fiesta seriesOBDNGCANCANspare line2Focus seriesOBDNGCANCANspare line3Mondeo >2010OBDCANCANCANspare line4S-MAX >2010OBDCANCANCANspare line5ECOSPORTOBDNGCANCANspare line6MaverickOBDCANCANCANspare line1Mazda 2 seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line2Mazda 6 Summit seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line3Mazda 9 seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line4CX-5 seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line5CX-7 seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line6new Mazda 3OBDCANCANspare linespare line7Mazda 8 seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line8Mazda 5 seriesOBDCANCANspare linespare line1307(with CAN)CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line2408 seriesCAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line3Triumph seriesCAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line4Sega seriasCAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line5Series:C5CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line63008CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line7Series: 308CAN linesNGspare linespare linespare line81CT200h >2011OBDCANCANspare line2ES300h >2011OBDCANCANspare line3ES250 >2011OBDCANCANspare line4ES240 >2011OBDCANCANspare line5ES350 >2011OBDCANCANspare line6GS250 >2011OBDCANCANspare line7GS450h >2011OBDCANCANspare line8GS350 >2011OBDCANCANspare line9IS250 >2011OBDCANCANspare line10LX570 >2011OBDCANCANspare line11RX270 >2011OBDCANCANspare line12RX450h >2011OBDCANCANspare line13RX350 >2011OBDCANCANspare line1A6L ,Q7(2008-2012)OBDNGCANCANspare line2New A6L,A7OBDNGCANCANspare line3A4L,Q5,A5OBDNGCANCANspare line4A3,Q3,A1,Q1OBDNGCANCANspare line1C180OBDNGCANCANspare line2C200OBDNGCANCANspare line3C260OBDNGCANCANspare line4C300OBDNGCANCANspare line1Series1: 118 120OBDNGCANCANspare line2Series 3:318 318i 320 325OBDNGCANCANspare line3X1, X3OBDNGCANCANspare lineHondaspecialSocketOBDconnectorOBDconnectorSeparatedlinesOBDconnectorOBDconnectorSeparatedlines orHondaconnector