unit 11儿童文学翻译
unit11-Sad-movies-make-me-cry全单元课文知识点详细讲解
Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry课文重难点详解Section A1. I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating.【解析】’d rather 是would rather 的缩写形式，“宁愿；宁可；更喜欢”，后跟动词原形【肯定句：would rather do sth. =prefer to do sth.I would rather stay at home because it’s cold outside.【2014四川达州】32. —Walking more is good for our health.—Y ou’re right. So I’d rather ____ a n hour’s walk to work than consider ______ a car.A. take; drivingB. take; driveC. take; to driveD. to take; driving【否定句：would rather not do sth 宁愿不做某事( ) He would rather _______ to jazz.A. not listenB. not to listenC. not listeningD. listen not【疑问句：将would 提到句首Would you rather stay at home or play tennis with us?would rather do sth than do sth （than 所连接的词语必须与前面的词语在词性和结构上保持一致I would rather ________(watch) TV at home than________(go) out for a walk.【2014湖北襄阳3】— Driving less, walking more is good for our health.— So I'd rather an hour's walk to work than consider a car.A. take, driveB. take, to driveC. take, drivingD. taking, driving=would do sth rahte than do sth =prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(表示在两者之间进行选择）— What a heavy rain! — So it is. I prefer______ rather than _____ on such a rainy day.A. to go out; stay at homeB. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. staying at home ; go out2. But that music makes me sleepy. 但是那种音乐会让我昏昏欲睡。
创意阅读3翻译unit11-20
UNIT ELEVEN 世界上最大的词汇表大家好，欢迎来听这个讲座。
首先我要提出一个观点．接下来我会举例对它进行阐释说明。
我自勺观点是：英语这门语言是个贼?它从别的语言中窃取词汇，说得好听点是“借用”。
为什么英语拥有的词汇量是所有语言中最庞大的?——有70万条不同的词条．且到目前为止仍在不断增加。
这是一方面的原因。
英语几乎从各种语言中获取词汇：shampoo(洗发香波)取自印度的印地语，caucus(政党高层会议)取自北美的阿冈昆印第安语，ketchup(番茄酱)取自汉语，potato(土豆)取白海地语，sofa(沙发)取自阿拉伯语，boondocks(荒野)取自菲律宾的他加禄语。
我们可以注意到这样一个有趣的事实，除了印地语和英语一样同为印欧语系的分支，刚才我所提到的其他语言都属于截然不同的语种。
例如，汉语隶属于汉藏语系，且其本身包含很多的地区方言，普通话和广东话只不过是其中两例。
还有一点十分奇怪，尽管英语属于日耳曼语系——严格说来它和荷兰语一样是日耳曼语的方言，源于公元5世纪起对英国进行殖民统治的德国盎格鲁撒克逊人所使用的语言——但是英语极少从德语中借用词汇。
在寥寥无几的几个词中有kindergarten(幼儿园)和hinterland(腹地)。
拉丁语为英语提供了大量的词汇。
单词jaunty(愉快的)、gentle(和善的)、gentleman(绅士)和genteel(有教养的)都源于拉丁单词gentilis。
quiet(安静的)、sordid(卑鄙的)和entirety(完全)分别来自于拉丁单词quietus、sordere和integritas。
一个拉丁单词discus至少衍生出四个不同的英文单词：disk(圆盘)、disc(光碟)、dish(碟子)和desk(书桌)。
源于拉丁语的英语单词现在有一半以上的词义与它们的源词大相径庭。
从nice一词上可以看出其中的变化有多大，关于nice最早的记录是在1290年，意思是“傻的”或“愚蠢的”。
unit11 That_Astounding_Creator-Nature1
• Para. 3-4: horned grebe – feed babies quantities of feathers/ strainer • Para. 3: the author’s sight of grebe feed babies • 1. A sleek horned grebe: a healthy… • 2. Herd: make them together • 3. Stuff.. into..: push sth. quickly and roughly • 4. Make … pokes = push into… • 5. sail low on the water • 6. vanish contentedly
• As a result of this hammering and fitting, however, some really unbelievable creatures circle the sun with us.
• After this process of evolution and adaptation, some exotic creatures have come into being, sharing the earth with us.
two-headed skink小蜥蜴
Portuguese man-of-war 僧帽水母
lungfish
Mayfly 蜉蝣类，飞蝼蛄
reindeer
toucan巨嘴鸟，犀鸟
horned toad角蟾
The Text
• The central idea: • the relation between the animals and their living environments. The latter molds the former, giving them their unique features, however odd they may appear.
英语泛读教程第四册unit11中文
人名乔治·斯提沃特 1你知道美国人取名习惯主要的传统来源吗？印第安人和黑人是如何获得自己的姓氏的？为什么移民要采用美国化的姓名？下面的文字讨论这些问题。
2在任何民族的人类学研究中，取名的习俗往往非常重要，而且包含许多内容。
因此，我们很可以对美国人的取名习俗作一番研究。
3名字是语言的一部分，然而，由于它们代表的是非常特殊的一部分，我们无法将其归入一般的讨论中。
特别是，后来移民的影响和原来习俗的发展变化，对我们的名字来说已经比一般的语言更重要了。
4和许多其它习俗一样，我们取名的习惯承袭了英国传统，尽管和整个欧洲的习俗也差别不大。
根据英国的传统，一个人的名字由两部分组成：名和姓，名在前姓在后。
这一传统形成于中世纪，远远早于美国的任何殖民地形成之前。
国王和贵族，偶尔某些级别较低的人，可以有不止一个名。
在移民到美国来的人的孩子中，后来被称做“中间名”的，已很少见，几乎消失了。
可以举出的这样的例子非常少，其中一个奇怪地叫做爱德华·玛利亚·英费尔德，是詹姆斯镇第一任地方议会的主席。
5由于从一开始移民们就有姓氏，而姓氏是继承的，早期的殖民者只不过保留他们已有的姓，对此没有多少可说。
然而人们提出了这样的问题，是不是所有早期的英国移民实际上都有姓？有这样的疑问，是因为在詹姆斯镇最早的名单中，有“老爱德华”这样的名字。
情况很可能是，他确实有一个姓，只不过由于疏忽从名单上略去，而在他死后也就被人遗忘。
当时更经常的情况是，人们登记的是自己的姓。
例如在詹姆斯镇1608年的一张名单中，甚至有两个男孩登记为米尔曼和赫尔亚德，而不是用他们的名。
Unit11 Text2 THE World of E-Book Is Here
THE World of E-Book Is HereMark RevingtonAlan Brooker and Loren Teague are authors who have a book due out soon. 1You probably won't find their titles on the shelves of your local bookstore.Their prose is published in computerized, digital1. They are authors publishing e-books (short for "electronic books" or books published only on the Internet, and not in paper form).2They're not getting big fat advances from publishers2.Not even a small cheque. Instead, Brooker will get 35 percent of each e-book sold, and Teague will get 30 percent. That's way above what either could expect in royalties if their titles were published in the familiar format, as beautifully bound bites of trees.3The usual author royalty is anyway between ten and fifteen percent of a book's selling price. but the large percentage royalty for an e-book will come from a much smaller price—e-books sell online for somewhere between ＄2.50 and ＄7 a copy, compared to the bookstore retail price of between ＄US10 and ＄90 depending on the size and quality of the publication.4But how many e-book copies can the authors expect to sell in an electronic market which is still in its infancy3? The best-selling e-author of 1999, Leta Nolan Childers, sold just over 6,000copies of her book The Best Laid Plans."I'm expecting to sell more than I would in the traditional local market, simply because the US market is so much bigger, "says Teague, whose novel, Jagged Greenstone, was runner-up in the UK Romantic Novelists Association New Writers Award.5Email, e-commerce, e-authors, e-books . . . eeeargh! The whole world is on a technological treadmill4.Surely not books? The pleasure of reading isn’t just in the way it allows escape into other worlds. Physical books are a tactile, visual experience. There’s nothing like the anticipation of a new book inn your hands ,the appeal of a cover, and the smell of ink and paper not to mention a small frission of guilt at all those murdered trees5.You can curl up in an armchair, or in bed, with a good book. But surely it will not be the same with a small electronic device, even if it is the size of a paperback and the weight of a hardback, and has a small button that turns the page. e-book—handheld electronic readers with high resolution screens, the ability to store several books at once, but unless you have the small reading devices, that means reading books on a large computer screen, and that definitely doesn’t lend itself to a late-night reading experience in bed.7So far, those are the two forums for e-publishing, a field still the focus of the technologically infatuated. Teague still meets responses such as that of the librarian in her home town When I told her about them (e-books), she just lookedat me blankly,” says Teague, laughing. Or the response of the unnamed executive from a top publishing house who said of e-book publishing:”Isn’t that for failed authors?”8But the Bigs are moving in. Fatbrain.con, which has partnered with Adobe, will let anyone sell digital books on its website and is negotiating with publishers such as Macmillan and McGraw-Hill to find new ways of packaging their titles.Best-selling authors like mystery thriller writers Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan Kelleman are now posting electronic titles on the Internet. The website also displays only e-books that have never been published in paper form.9Recently, top-selling horror story author Stephen King6 wrote and published his first e-book, Riding the Bullet, a 66-page “ghost-story in the grand manner”.It was published only on the Internet on the website of American publishers Simon ＆Schuster who charged visitors ＄2.50 to download it. In the first week, 450,000 people visite the site, before other sites copied it and made it available without charge —it’s typical of the Internet, that something will always be copied for free. Computer giant Microsoft and leading US bookstore chain now plan to create a giant e-bookstore. Microsoft is also leading a push to standardize formats for online books to allow them to be downloaded to any computer. Steve Riggio, vice chairman of Barnes and Noble, can see a time in the near future when there will be an electronic version of virtually every book in print.10For unknown author e-books offer a better chance to get published. Fatbrain allows any would-be author to store a manuscript online for just ＄1 a month.For publishers, it could mean a whole new headache because already established authors could cut out the middleman and release titles straight to their audience, although there will still be a role for the publishing houses in editing and marketing.11 Small book publisher Hazard Press, however, is excited by the possibilities.Managing director Quentin Wilson believes that it will be especially invaluable for selling the company’s back catalogue because it won’t require a print run of thousands just a quick electronic format.12With the kind of heavyweights now backing e-publishing, it’s a matter of when, not if, the phenomenon rolls into town7. Does it mean the death of books as we now know them? What happens when electronic readers are as cheap as dirt, or when media conglomerates give them away to help to sell their vast archives of material? Would you rather pack a box of discs next time you move to a new house, instead of seemingly endless cartons of books? There is still a romance to books that it’s hard to see their electronic cousins replacing.13“I don’t think we’ve reached anything like the version of e-books that will probably come about within a year,”says Wilson. “And I don’t see the actualphysical book disappearing. But I do see the future including the downloading ofa particular book in a formatted file of some kind. It’s inevitable.”14 In the way that horses remained after the advent of the car, books won’tdisappear entirely for book lovers. They will simply become a new form of recreation.15“Nothing beats a beautifully produced book,” says Wilson.1,056 wordsN otes 1.Digital(Paragraph1)→processing, operating on, storing, transmitting, representing,or displaying data in the form of numerical digits, as in a computer2.They're not getting big fat advances from publishers(Paragraph2) →They're notgetting a large amount of money from publishers ahead of time. The publisher signs a written contract with the author specifying the advance and royalties. An advance is a sum of money that the publisher, in effect, loans to the author, while the book is in preparation. The advance is subtracted from the royalties, which are payments that the publisher makes to the author from profits gained from the sale of the book. The publisher pays the author a certain percentage of the price of the book for each copy sold. The contract also names a date for publication.3.In its infancy(Paragraph4) →Something that is in its infancy is just staring to bedeveloped.4.The whole world is on a technological treadmill(Paragraph5) →Moderntechnology is constantly changing the whole world.5.Murdered trees(Paragraph5) →Here it refers to papermaking. Papermakingfibers come from many different plant sources and various woods. Wood is the major source of papermaking fibers.6.Stephen King(Paragraph9) (1947—)→American author, whose horror andfantasy tales enjoy tremendous popular success. His works are known for turning ordinary situation—such as peer pressure or marital stress—into terrifying ones.King’s thrilling plots and prolific output helped reestablish horror fiction as a vital literary genre in the late 20th century. King has also led the way in adopting innovative publishing techniques.7.the phenomenon rolls into town(Paragraph) →E-books become prevalent.Q uestions for discussion1.What are e-books?2.What are the advantages of e-books?3.According to the author, will e-books finally replace traditional printed books?4.What does the author explore in the essay?5.What does the coming of the digital age mean for traditional fields?。
儿童文学的翻译-熊建新、陈绍琦
儿童文学的翻译 Translating Children’s Literature
熊建新 陈绍琦
Contents
• 1、儿童文学的概念及特征 • 2、中国儿童文学发展史 • 3、儿童文学的语言特点 • 4、儿童文学翻译的原则 • 5、儿童文学翻译策略
1、儿童文学的概念及特征
• 1.1 儿童文学的概念：• 译文一：这朵雪花越长越 大，最后变成了一个女人。 她披着最细的、像无数星 星一样的雪花织成的白纱。
• 译文二：那片雪花变得越 来越大了，最后，它像一 个年轻的女子，穿着最细 的白纱，这些白纱是由成 千上万片像小星星一样的 雪花做的。
• 4.3图文并茂, 乐在其中 • Under blue sky,the horses are running
freely on the grasslands .
• 蓝蓝的天，青青的草，马儿在草原上哒哒 地赛跑.......
• 4.4跨文化转移
• As timid as a rabbit 胆小如鼠 • The apple of one’s eye 掌上明珠 • Red 中国代表喜庆，西方代表暴力 • Cowboy 中国代表悠闲，西方代表冒险 • Dog 中国代表鄙视，西方代表同情 • Dragon 在中国代表高贵，在西方代表凶恶
幼师英语unit 11
dilemma is that it is impossible to shield children from lies. One parent who limits his or her child’s friends to those who do not lie reduces the number of approved companions to just one. One powerful source of modeling, however, is from within the home. There is an old proverb that says, “What parents do in moderation, children do in excess.” “Moderate” lying is thought of by many parents as harmless (such as a “white” lie, or a “harmless excuse”) or mistakes (such as a promise). Children, however, do not appreciate the nuances of a lie. Since it is difficult for parents to control the lies that children will encounter outside the home, it is more useful to start eliminating lies from within the home. Make telling the truth a priority both in instruction and by example.
(完整版)新人教版九年级英语unit11课文翻译
胜利之队彼得的眼睛盯着地面，当他独自一人走在回家的路上时觉得双肩沉重。
今天是他人生中最糟糕的日子。
他脑海里总是不停地想一个小时之前发生在学校足球场上的事。
他怎么错过那个球呢？他让整个球队失望。
他愚蠢的错误使他很生气。
他的球队因为他输了那场比赛。
他很担心教练会把他开除。
他一走进家门，爸爸就问：怎么了，儿子？”彼得的感觉都写在了脸上，“我输了比赛”彼得回答，然后没说一句话就走进了他的房间。
十分钟之后，彼得听到爸爸敲他卧室的门他打开门让他进来。
“看，彼得，我不知道发生了什么，但不管结果怎样不要对自己要求太苛刻。
“我输了比赛，父亲。
我让球队输了。
他们可能永远不会让我踢球了”。
“足球需要团队合作，你不是你们球队输了的唯一原因，如果你们有一个优秀的球队应该互相支持。
除此之外，输赢只是比赛的一半。
另一半是学会如何与队友合作并从错误中吸取教训。
彼得没说什么，但是爸爸的话使他陷入了深思。
第二天，皮特并没有害怕，而是勇敢地去参加足球训练。
他对队友们说，“我对昨天的事感到很抱歉，我们几乎要赢得那场比赛，但我想只要我们继续团结一致，我们就会赢得下一场比赛。
”令他惊讶和欣慰的是，他的队友全都赞同地点头。
他们说，“不要担心，那绝不是一个人的错，我们应该考虑如何在下次比赛中做的更好。
彼得笑了，知道在一个走向胜利的团队中使他感到很幸运。
Key Words and Phrases（重点单词和词组）：1. __________ n. 重量；2.___________n. 肩；肩膀3. ______ n. 球门；射门；4. __________ 使失望________v. 使失望5. ________ 教练；私人教师6. __________ 开除某人7. __________ 对某人苛刻8. _________n.勇敢；勇气9. ________ n. 轻松；解脱10. _________n. 过失；缺点11. ________ n. （意见、看法）一致12.__________ 齐心协力；通力合作。
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So while the children swam and played and splashed water at each other, Wilbur amused himself in the mud along the edge of the brook, where it was warm and moist and delightly sticky and oozy. ---Charlotte’s Web 因此，当两个朋友有用、玩耍、用水你泼我我泼你 时，威尔伯就待在可变的烂泥里自得其乐，烂泥 暖和，湿嗒嗒的，黏黏呼呼，舒服极了。 --任溶溶译
儿童文学翻译
Translating for Children
• 儿童文学的基本特征 • 儿童文学的语言特点 • 儿童文学的翻译原则
儿童文学的基本特征
• 儿童文学的概念
儿童文学是专为儿童创作并适合他们阅读的、 具有独特艺术性和丰富价值的各类文学作品的 总称。通常所说的儿童文学是指广义而言，它 是幼儿文学（3-6）、儿童文学（6-12）、少 年文学（12-17）的总称。
他把它打开，然后又发出一声长得出奇的叹息，里 面包着的竟是他那壁炉薪架上的铜把手。这最后 一根羽毛终于压垮了骆驼的背。（西方谚语，意 思是一系列打击使人无法承受） --朱建迅译
--再现童趣，激发想象
In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again. --- Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
•
• • • • • • • •
And on that farm he had some chicks. E-I-E-I-O.
With a chick-chick here. And a chick-chick there. Here a chick. There a chick. Everywhere a chick. Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O. Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O. And on that farm he had some ducks. E-I-E-I-O. With a quack-quack here. And a quack-quack there. Here a quack. There a moo. Everywhere a quack-quack. Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O.
“校长是一只老海龟---我们都叫他陆地龟” “既然他不是陆地龟，你们为什么要这样叫他呢” 爱丽丝不解地问道。 “因为他总是忘了该教我们的功课！你怎么会问 这么愚蠢的问题？ ”那假海龟怒气冲冲地说道。 （ 李汉昭译）
“我们的先生是一只老甲鱼---我们总叫他老忘。” 阿丽斯问道：“他是个什么王，你们会叫他老 王呢？” 那素甲鱼怒道，“我们管这老甲鱼叫老忘，因 为他老忘了教我们的功课。你怎么这么笨？” （赵元任译）
--20世纪50至70年代大量苏联儿童文学作品被译 为汉语
儿童文学翻译家有任溶溶，陈伯吹，叶君健等 俄，英，日，意四种语言的翻译 --80年代以来，进入蓬勃发展时期 《哈利波特》《魔戒》
• 儿童文学的翻译原则
--语言的处理
使用儿童口语 使用拟声词 使用语气词 使用简单句
Just then she heard soothing splashing about in the pool a little way out.
不管四七二十八，爱丽丝立刻就跟进洞去， 也不想想这辈子怎么能在出来。 --赵元任译
“The master was an old turtle---we used to call him Tortoise” “why did you call him Tortoise,if he wasn’t one”Alice asked. “we call him Tortoise because he taught us,” said the Mock Turtle angrily. “Really you are very silly!”
儿童文学的翻译原则
• 儿童文学翻译：专为儿童翻译的文学 • 儿童文学汉译简史
--我国的儿童文学翻译发端于19世纪末20世纪初 最早译为汉语的文学作品是1840年英国人罗伯特和中国 匿名译者合译的《伊索寓言》 随后，《天方夜谭》，《格林童话》，《安徒生童话》 《鲁宾逊漂流记》相继被译为汉语。
--最早进行儿童文学翻译的人有林纾，周桂笙 和包天笑 --五四时期是中国儿童文学翻译的发展和成熟 时期 采用白话文，主要翻译家有鲁迅，周作人， 赵元任，茅盾，赵景深 赵元任翻译的《爱丽丝漫游仙境》
• 叙述性
不过人们千万不要以为那儿只是一片铺满了白沙的海底。 不是的，那儿生长着最奇异的树木和植物。他们的枝干 和叶子是那么柔软，只要水轻微地流动一下，它们就摇 动起来，很活跃的样子。所有的大小鱼儿在这些枝叶中 间游来游去，像是天空中的飞鸟。海里最深的地方是海 王宫殿所在的处所。它的墙是用珊瑚砌成的。它那些尖 顶的高窗子是用最亮的琥珀做成的。 ---《海的女儿》
• 儿童文学的类别
儿歌、儿童诗、童话、寓言、 儿童故事、儿童小说、儿童散文、 儿童曲艺、儿童戏剧、儿童影视等
• 儿童文学的特点
反映儿童的现实世界和想象世界； 表达儿童情感和愿望； 人物鲜明生动，故事情节丰富； 主题积极明朗，格调轻松，节奏明快； 洁性
---Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 正在那时，她听见不远处有个什么东西在 池里浦叉浦叉地溅水。 ---赵元任译
Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O. And on that farm he had some chicks. E-I-E-I-O. With a chick-chick here. And a chick-chick there. Here a chick. There a chick. Everywhere a chick. Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O. Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O. And on that farm he had some ducks. E-I-E-I-O. With a quack-quack here. And a quack-quack there. Here a quack. There a moo. Everywhere a quackquack. Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O.
• 音乐性
“许多黄莺都唱起来了。黄莺们就像在唱：温暧 的季节来了，明亮的夏天来了!孩子们，你们就 生长吧，跳跃吧，奔跑吧，飞翔吧!地上最好的 东西是你们的，水里最好的东西是你们的，天 上最好的东西是你们的，时间同你们在一起， 未来同你们在一起……开始，开始!马上就开始， 不等那个‘下次’ ” ---《“下次开船”港》
阳光，在窗上爬着， 阳光，在花上笑着， 阳光，在溪上流着， 阳光，在妈妈的眼里亮着 ---谢武彰的《阳光》
爸爸的老师 我的爸爸是个大数学家，任何问题都难不倒 他 什么？我的爸爸还有老师？
• 形象性
• • Old Macdonald had a farm
Old Macdonald had a farm. E-I-E-I-O.
老麦克唐纳有一个农场，咿呀咿呀哟 农场上有火鸡 这儿咯咯，那儿咯咯 这儿咯咯，那儿咯咯，到处咯咯 老麦克唐纳有一个农场，咿呀咿呀哟 老麦克唐纳有一个农场，咿呀咿呀哟 农场上有鸭子，咿呀咿呀哟 这儿嘎嘎，那儿嘎嘎 这儿嘎嘎，那儿嘎嘎，到处嘎嘎 老麦克唐纳有一个农场，咿呀咿呀哟
Down ， down ， down. Would the fall never come to an end! --Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
Use your minds and hands to creat a
wonderful world!
--文化意象的处理
A long lingering, and his heart broke. It was his brass and iron knob! This final feather broke the camel’s back.
--The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
• 儿童文学翻译有一个特点，就是读者对象十分明确，是孩子。 而且不是笼笼统统的孩子，根据他们的年龄特征，还要分幼儿、 小学低年级和高年级。给幼儿译外国儿歌，自然要译成儿歌样 子，琅琅上口，给大孩子译书又不要有娃娃腔，孩子大了，都 不爱别人把他们看作娃娃。其实这也很简单，就是译文跟着原 作走，和所有的翻译一样。翻译无非是借译者的口，说出原作 者用外语对外国读者说的话，连口气也要尽可能像。我总觉得 译者像个演员，经常要揣摩不同作者的风格，善于用中文表达 出来。原作者的书既然是写给不同年龄的孩子看的，自然要让 他们的小读者看得懂，看得有兴趣，我们译者也就应该做到这 一点，让我们的小读者看得懂，看得有兴趣。 ---任溶溶