牛津译林版必修一高一英语上语法-定语从句(二)

定语从句（二）

考情分析

关系副词在高考中的考点主要是：关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，可以根据情况转换成“介词+which”

一、关系副词引导的定语从句

当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用关系副词when,where或why引导定语从句。此时，如果先行词指时间，用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。

【关系副词引导的定语从句】

牢记关系词的三个作用：

（1)引导定语从句

(2)代替先行词

(3)在其所修饰的定语从句中担当成分

关系代词引导定语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语

关系副词引导定语从句时，在从句中充当状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why =for which

where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词或谓语动词搭配）

when=at/during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词或谓语动词搭配）

1.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

The place where were to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.

我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。

That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot of dreams.

那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。

2.when引导定语从句表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

He came at a time when we needed help

他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。

We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held.

我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。

3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy.

他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴。

The reason why she was late is not so acceptable.

她迟到的原因不是很能令人接受。

【注意】

（1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

(2）that前不能有介词。

(3）the way作先行词

the way作先行词时，引导定语从句的关系词用that，in which或省略。

I don't like the way you spoke to the teacher.

我不喜欢你跟老师说话的方式。

A feather shows the way the wind blows.

见微知著/一叶知秋。

二、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句

1.“介词十关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的关系代词只用which或whom,不能用that 或

who。

In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.

在漆黑的街道上，她找不到人求助。

This is the school in which I once studied.

这是我曾经读过书的学校。

2.from where,since when,by when为“介词+关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句。

Tom hid himself behind the door,from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.

汤姆藏身门后，能清晰地听到他母亲的脚步声。

He left home 3 years ago,since when we haven't heard from him.

他三年前离开家，从此音信全无。

3.“介词+which+不定式（to do）”结构，相当于“介词+which+主语+can/could do”。

Della only had 50 cents with which to buy Jim a present.(=Della only had 50 cents with which she could buy Jim a present.)

Della只有50美分，用来给吉姆买礼物。

4.有时，根据上下文逻辑，需要用“介词+which/whose+名词”的形式。

The manager can't come to the meeting because of illness,in which case the meeting has to be put off.

经理因病不能参会，在这种情况下，会议只得推迟。

Mr Zhang is a kind teacher, in whose class my son enjoys himself a lot.

张老师是一位很好的老师，我儿子在他班里学习很快乐。

He often works late until 6 o’clock,by which time a lot of people have gone home.

他经常工作到六点，那个时候很多人都已经回家了。

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which。

1.动词与介词的搭配

He has found a good job for which he is qualified.

他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。（qualify+名词+for“使……具有………资格”)

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.

刚才和你谈话的那个人明天主持会议。(talk to+名词“与某人谈话”)

2.名词与介词的搭配

They are still living in the little house in which they've been living for 15 years.

他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。(in the house“在房子里”)