新高考之概要写作summary-writing

…
It was thought that…/People believed that…
• In the early 16th century, people thought that
dirt on the skin was a means to block out
disease….
S+V+P
S+V+O
have, exist, S+V+P
changing
opinions， viewpoints
✓People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.
✓Changing viewpoints toward dirt exist.
✓People’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.
How to write通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心 单词，核心短语和核心句子。 （句子为主，以单词和短语为辅）
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文 narration
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展 +结果）
✓Now, more people hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to have a powerful immune system.
✓More and more people believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. …
I helped an old man in rags who had lost his way.
main point
details
I helped an old man.
• These school buses meet more of the nation’s motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road.
4.提炼关键词
1.从语法角度提炼： 简单句：通常在主谓宾部分而非定状补部分； 并列句：通常在表转折关系的连词（but、however等）之后，
在表并列关系的连词（and、or等）前后都有； 复合句：通常在主句部分而非从句部分，
有宾语从句的除外，关键词应在宾语从句部分。
2.从内容角度提炼： 删除具体描述、删除或减少事例、删除数据、论据、删除重复等。
B. 改写
在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式 的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现 大规模的改变。
改写过程中，原则上字 数不超过原句，不改变 原文的逻辑结构，充分 考虑语句压缩。
1. 使用近义词或反义词
study
if
To research whether such a “sixth sense”
✓In the early 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.
benefit your health, keep…healthy
• …cleaning away dirt is good to health.
remove, wash…off
Doing A is good to B
It is good for B to do A
✓washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. ✓it was good for health to remove dirt.
…
• Nowadays
例：常用动词（短语）的替换———高级词汇
1.得到 get----acquire, obtain
2. 减少 reduce----decrease, lessen
3.改进 improve----promote, enchance
4.帮助 help----assist, aid
5. 拥有 have----possess, own
essential information
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.
Don’t forget to make your summary tight!
People have changing opinions toward dirt over time. In the early 16th century, it was thought that dirt on the skin could protect people from getting ill. However, people have realized that it was good for health to remove dirt since the 18th century. Now, an increasing number of people hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to strengthen immune system.
6. 主动句和被动句互换
Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.
Two experiments were carried out by a psychologist.
She brought home a lot of books and magazines.
4.消除重复 He didn’t like the city. He hated it.
He disliked the city.
5. 把直接引语的主要信息变为间接引语
The boss said to him, “ Till you’re more experienced you can cover a story.” The boss said that with more experience he could cover news.
C.核查 核查连贯性
+ 优先考虑使用最短连接词（but、 then、later、finally、besides、 thus、therefore、yet、however） 核查标点和语法
核查字数（60-80words）
• … there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
例：表示因果————高级衔接
the reason for
the cause of
Now that
One reason is that…
….,causing+ n.
….,leading to+ n.
….,resulting in + n.
contribute to
owe sth to
have an effect on
• Also, several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the inside and outside, stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.
now /at present
• …an American immunologist, encourages
children to play in the dirt to build up a
strong immune system.
advise,
some
suggest,
powerful scientists expose… to hold the view
6.同意 agree----approve
7.感谢 thank----appreciate
8.表达 express----convey
9.解决 solve----cope with, deal with, 10.导致 lead to----bring about,
resolve
result in, cause
What is “summary”?
• A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition.
• 读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原 文中心思想体裁和结构的前提下，省去细 节，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的 主要内容和观点。
2.把短语变为单词 Cleaning away dirt is good to health.