初中时态的总结(简单版)

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初中阶段,要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。

1、一般现在时:

●用法:

1)现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作。例如:

I get up at six every morning.

He plays tennis once a week.

2)现在的状态。例如:

My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.

3)客观真理。例如:

The earth goes around the sun.

4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:

often ,usually ,sometimes ,always ,every day ,never ,in the morning 等连用时。

●构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单

数时,动词第三人称单数的变法如下:

主语为第三人称和名词单数时:

肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数

否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他

疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他

简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does

(否)No,S+do/does not

●当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:

肯定式: S + be +···

否定式: S+ be +not + ···

疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?

简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be.

(否) No,S + be.

2. 现在进行时

●用法:

1)说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。例如:

She is having a bath now.

2)现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。例如:

You are working hard today.

Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.

The population of the world is growing very fast.

3)频度副词always, forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。如:

He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏,表扬)

4)表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词)。如:The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..

5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语:now ,look,listen等。

●构成:

be+ v-ing

2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:

肯定句:S+be +V-ing

否定句:S+be+not + V-ing

一般疑问句:Is(Are)+S+V-ing?

特殊疑问:wh_+ be + S + V-ing?

3.一般将来时

●用法:

1.将要发生的动作。例如:

I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.

2.将要存在的状态。例如:

This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?

3.打算要做的事。例如:

Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?

3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语:

tomorrow next week in 2008 等。

●构成:

1. 助动词will(shall)+v

2. be +going to +v

4.一般过去时

●用法:

1.过去发生的动作。例如:

The police stopped me on my way home last night.

2.过去存在的状态。例如:

They weren't able to come because they were so busy.

3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,等。

●构成:

S+V-ed

用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:

2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):

5、过去进行时

●概念:

1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如:

This time last year I was living in Brazil.

What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?

2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语:

at four yesterday afternoon,then,at that time/moment 等。

●构成:was / were +v-ing

1)Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer

A. was bought

B. had bought C bought D. would buy

2)They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.

A. were going to

B. went

C. would going

D. were going

6、现在完成时

●概念:

1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:

She has never read this novel.

2)表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.

注:在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如:He has died for 3 years.(F)

He has been dead for 3 years.(T)

注:①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如:in 1998, last morning等

②have/has been to 表示“去过”(去了又回来了)

have/has gone to 表示“去过”(去了没回来了)

如:Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)

Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)

●构成:

have / has + v-ing

2)现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和see为例):

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