初中时态的总结(简单版)
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初中阶段,要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。
1、一般现在时:
●用法:
1)现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作。例如:
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
2)现在的状态。例如:
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
3)客观真理。例如:
The earth goes around the sun.
4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:
often ,usually ,sometimes ,always ,every day ,never ,in the morning 等连用时。
●构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单
数时,动词第三人称单数的变法如下:
主语为第三人称和名词单数时:
肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他
疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does
(否)No,S+do/does not
●当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:
肯定式: S + be +···
否定式: S+ be +not + ···
疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be.
(否) No,S + be.
2. 现在进行时
●用法:
1)说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。例如:
She is having a bath now.
2)现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。例如:
You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
3)频度副词always, forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。如:
He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏,表扬)
4)表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词)。如:The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..
5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语:now ,look,listen等。
●构成:
be+ v-ing
2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句:S+be +V-ing
否定句:S+be+not + V-ing
一般疑问句:Is(Are)+S+V-ing?
特殊疑问:wh_+ be + S + V-ing?
3.一般将来时
●用法:
1.将要发生的动作。例如:
I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2.将要存在的状态。例如:
This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3.打算要做的事。例如:
Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语:
tomorrow next week in 2008 等。
●构成:
1. 助动词will(shall)+v
2. be +going to +v
4.一般过去时
●用法:
1.过去发生的动作。例如:
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2.过去存在的状态。例如:
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,等。
●构成:
S+V-ed
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):
5、过去进行时
●概念:
1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如:
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语:
at four yesterday afternoon,then,at that time/moment 等。
●构成:was / were +v-ing
1)Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer
A. was bought
B. had bought C bought D. would buy
2)They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.
A. were going to
B. went
C. would going
D. were going
6、现在完成时
●概念:
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.
2)表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注:在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如:He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
注:①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如:in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”(去了又回来了)
have/has gone to 表示“去过”(去了没回来了)
如:Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
●构成:
have / has + v-ing
2)现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和see为例):