宾语补足语与主谓一致
宾语补足语与主谓一致
教学目标：
1.掌握宾语补足语和在语境中运用宾语补足语
2. 掌握主谓一致。
宾语补足语
一．英语的五个基本句型结构：
S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。
S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。
1 2 ．他把座位让给我。
They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out．我发现他出去了。
They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
说明：
S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语
二．宾语补足语：
1．定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。
2．使用场合：Verb + object + object complement
3,可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：
(1)、：
We made him our monitor.
They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。
They elected John chairman of the committee.
(2)、：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
We found the ruins most interesting.
(3).
He left his bag in the office.
We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.
(4).
He opened the window to let the fresh air in.
I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.
(5)、：
I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long.
I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.
(6). ：
When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree.
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
I had my watch repaired yesterday.
(7).
My mother allowed me to play games for a while.
Can you make your car park over there?
注：(1)..使用不定式作宾语补足语时，五看（）三使（）两听（）一感觉（）后接省略to 的不定式
(2).help 一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。
4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
I think it very important to attend this meeting.
We all thought it a pity t hat you couldn’t join us.
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：
等。
【小结】
1. 宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于宾语之后。宾语+宾语补足语=>复合宾语。
2. 可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
3. 能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词。
4. 主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语，相应的宾补就成为主补。
常跟宾语补足语的动词：
第一类感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。
feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at
I saw him cross/crossing the road. => He was seen___________/ ____________ the road.
但变为被动语态时,不定式的to要还原。
第二类, 使役动词,所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。
This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment.
If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?
The machine doesn’t work. I must have it repaired right now.
第三类, 含命名意义的动词, 所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.
第四类, v + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词, 所接的宾补一般是不定式。
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等
第五类, find, keep, leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活, 后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。
We found it very difficult to solve the problem.
How can you keep them waiting for so long?
Keep the door closed.
宾语补足语的主要考查方向：
Ⅰ?make用作使役动词表示“使；使成为”时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词?不带to的不定式?过去分词。
1. 我们推选他为我们足球队队长。
We made him captain of our football team.
2. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
3. 大雨使得我们无法出去。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
4. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。
The strange noise made us frightened.
5. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。
He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
6. 什么东西使得草生长?
What makes the grass grow?
注意：过去分词作make的宾语补足语时，变为被动语态不用加to；但当不定式作其宾补时，变为被动语态一定要加to。
这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.
【你来试试】
1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
2. The result of the entrance exams was not made ____ to the public until last Thursday.
A. knowing
B. known
C. to know
D. to be known
Ⅱ?have 表示“使得……”，其后接宾语补足语，常用以下句型：
have sb. do sth. 要求某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使得某人一直做某事
have sth. done 使得某事被做(含有请某人去做的含义或遭遇到某事）
【你来试试】
1. The teacher had her _____________ (recite) the text again.
2. He wants to have his eyes _________________ (examine) tomorrow.
3. Be careful，or you’ll have your hands _________________(hurt).
4. He had the girl ________________ (stand) in the classroom the whole morning.
5. He had the walls ________________ (paint) this morning.
6. We will have you ___ (know) that the machine has been made ____ (work) at full speed.
7. I’ve had my radio ____________ so soon because my father had me __________ it.
A. repair；done
B. repaired；do
C. repairing；do
D. repaired；done
8. You can’t have the horse ____ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run
B. to run
C. running
D. to be running
9. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
Ⅲ?leave作使役动词，表示“使/让……保持某种状态”。
1. 用形容词作宾语补足语
出去时，不要关门。Leave the door open when you go out.
他的疾病使得他身体很虚弱。His illness left him very weak.
2. 还可用名词?介词短语等作宾语补足语
他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。
His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.
3. 用现在分词作宾语补足语
他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。
They walked off and left me sitting there alone.
他出去时，把他的文件摊在桌子上。
He went out，leaving his papers l ying open on the desk.
4. 用过去分词作宾语补足语
Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened?
He left a few questions unanswered.
课后提升练习
1. ---There’s a hole in your bag. ---I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A. mend
B. mending
C. mended
D. to be mended
2. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry
B. crying; crying
C. cry; cry
D. to cry; cry
3. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
4. I found the door _____ when I got home.
A. opened
B. close
C. unlocking
D. open
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do
D. do not to
6. I advised _____ at once.
A. him to starting
B. him to start
C. to starting
D. to start
7. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A. pull out
B. to pull out
C. pulled out
D. pulling out
8. He managed to make himself ______with his_______ English.
A. understand; breaking
B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking
D. understood; broken
9. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ______.
A. expose
B. exposed
C. to expose
D. exposing
10. They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install
B. to install
C. to be installed
D. installed
11. When I caught him__ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating
B. cheat
C. to cheat
D. to be cheating
12. Did you intend us ___ the new method?
A. using
B. to use
C. using
D. are using
13. The teacher encouraged us ______ good compositions.
A. writing
B. written
C. to write
D. is writing
14. I can make you _____what I say, but you can’t make yourself ____ in English.
A. understand; understand B .understand, understood
C to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood
15. He found them ____ at a table_____.
A. sat; to play chess
B. sitting; to play chess
C. seated; playing chess
D. seat; play the chess
16. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____.
A. leaving; unlocked
B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocked
D. to leave; unlocking
主谓一致
主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。主谓一致有三项原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和毗邻一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1．主语为单数名词、不可数名词、代词或不定式短语、非谓语动词、动名词短语或从句时，谓语动词一般用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
His father is working on the farm. / The desk is Tom’s.
Some water is in the bottle. / Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.
To study English well is not easy. / Seeing is believing.
Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What you need most is to have a good sleep. / What he said is very important for us all.
2．主语为复数时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
The students __________ playing football on the playground.
The children __________ in the classroom two hours ago.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词多数用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought __________ three English books. / What we need __________ doctors.
3．主语是由and或both … and时，谓语动词一般用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
Swimming and walking are good exercises. / Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Food and clothing are two necessities in our life.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers. / Both my father and my sister are famous writers.
注意：若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一个物或同一个概念时，谓语动词就应用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前面没有冠词。若and 后面有冠词，谓语动词就用复数形式。
The writer and artist has come. / The poet and writer is gone.
The girl’s teache r and friend __________ a young doctor.
A knife and folk __________on the table.
A dancer and singer is coming to give us a lesson.
A dancer and a singer are coming to give us a lesson.
4．由and连接的单数主语前被no, each, every, many a ( an ), more than one修饰时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
No clothes and no food is difficult to live.
Each soldier and sailor was given a rifle.
Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.
5．主语是many a ( an ) , more than one + 可数名词单数时，谓语动词一般用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More than one person has seen the movie Titanic.
注意：主语是more + 可数名词复数+ than one时，，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
More young teachers than one are against this plan.
6．主语为“either of, neither of, each of, every of, none of +单数名词时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Is either of your parents an engineer? / Each of us has a new book..
注意：①在口语中，either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，谓语动词也可用复数形式。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词就要用单数；若none of后面的名词是可数名词的复数，谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.
7．在定语从句中，谓语动词应与句中先行词保持一致。若先行词为“one of + 复数名词”时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)；若先行词为“the only one of + 复数名词”时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here.
8．主语由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, part of, the rest of, the m ajority of, most of, some of, all of, half of + 名词或代词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语时，谓语动词要根据短语中后面名词而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
50% of the students in our class are girls. / Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.
Half of the work is left unfinished. / Half of the apples are given to the children.
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.
注意：a large quantity ( amount ) of 或large quantities ( amounts ) of 修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词根据quantity或amount的单复形式决定，若quantity是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；quantity是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
A large quantity of milk has been sold. / Large quantities of milk have been sold.
9．主语是a number of + 名词时，表示“许多”，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)；the number of+ 名词时，表示“…的数量”，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
A great number of young soldiers were sent to the front.
The number of the soldiers in need was about 50.
10．主语是由every--, some--, any--, no--, all, one 等构成的不定代词时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
Everybody obeys the school rules. / Anyone who breaks the school rules is punished.
I’ll tell you something that sounds interesting.
All that can be done has been done. / All is going well.
注意：all 指代人时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)，all 指代事情时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
All were present at the meeting yesterday. / All have gone to Beijing.
11．主语是表示模糊数量概念的名词enough, much, little等时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Enough has been done.
（二）意义一致原则：谓语动词必须和主语的意义保持一致（有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）
1．主语是what, who, which等疑问代词时，谓语动词根据意思来决定单复形式。如：
Which __________ your bag? / Which __________your bags?
2．主语是表示“时间、金钱、重量、度量、长度、距离、价格”等时，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词通常用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
Thirty minutes is enough for the work. / Three years quickly passes at school.
Two thousand dollars is not enough. / Fifteen miles seems like a long way to walk.
The Selected Poems of Libai was published long ago.
3．主语是书名、学科名、片名、格言、俗语、谚语、剧名、报名、国名、山名、水名等专有名词，谓语动词通常用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. / The United Nations was founded in 1945.
Maths seems to be difficult for me. / Physics is my headache. / Wales lies to the west of England.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
4．主语是“one and a half”+复数名词或one in ( out of ) + 复数名词”时，谓语动词通常用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
One and a half apples is left on the table. / One student in ten has asked to be sent there.
5．主语是数目（字）的四则运算时通常作单数看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. / Two times two is four.
6．主语是trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, chopsticks, goods, scissors等时，谓语动词用复数形式。但若这些名词前有a (the) pair of, a kind of, a series of, a piece of等量词来修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
My glasses__________ broken. / Her trousers __________beautiful indeed.
The pair of shoes under the bed __________ his.
There __________ a pair of shoes left. / A pair of new shoes __________ in your suitcase.
7．“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，若表示某一类人时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)；若表示个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
The blind in China study in special schools. / The old are taken good care of in our motherland.
The beautiful is not always the useful. / The new is certain to take the place of the old.
8．主语是family, class, group, crowd, enemy, government, crew, public, team, committee, population, audience, club, company, party等集体名词时，若集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)；若指集体的每一个成员，谓语动词就用__________(单数形式？复数形式？)
Class Four __________ on the third floor.
Class Four __________ unable to agree upon a monitor.
My family__________ going to have a long journey.
Her family __________ at table when she got home.
注意：population 单独作主语时，表示“人口”，谓语动词用单数形式；population与分数或百分比连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of China __________very large and eighty-five percent of the population __________farmers.
9．主语是people, police, cattle, youth等表示总称意义的名词时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
The police are looking for the lost child. / Cattle are one cause of the problem.
10．主语是名词所有格后名词被省略的情况时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The baker’s is on the other side of the street. / My aunt’s is not very far from here.
11．主语是means, works, species, Chinese等单复同形的名词时，若表示单数意义，谓语动词就用单数形式；若表示复数意义，谓语动词就用复数形式。
The chemical works was built in July, 1979. / Many means have been tried.
A sheep is over there. / Some sheep are over there．
（三）毗邻一致原则：又称就近原则或就前原则，谓语动词与最近的主语或前面的主语保持一致。
1．当两个主语由or, either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also, not … but…等连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Bob or his parents __________ waiting in the room.
Either the teacher or the students __________ our friends.
Not only you but also I __________wrong.
Neither they nor he__________right. / __________ neither he nor they right?
Not his brother but he wants to pay you a visit.
2．在there be句型，倒装句和疑问句中，be动词的单复形式取决于其后的主语。若是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.. / There is a book and three pens on the desk.
Where is your mother and younger sisters?
On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。Here comes the bus and two cars.
3．当with, together with, along with, except, but, besides, including, like, unlike, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, in addition to连接两个主语时，谓语动词采用就前原则。
Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
Nothing but stamps and envelops is for sale.
强化训练
1.Three______ died in the terrible fire in Luo yang last winter.
A. hundreds people
B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples
D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is
B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is
D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it
B. are; them
C. was; it
D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
A. is exploited
B. are exploited
C. had exploited
D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have
B. Had
C. Has
D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching
B. is watching
C. is seeing
D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved
B. is not preserved
C. were preserved
D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have
B. had
C. have been
D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be
B. /
C. is
D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered
B. is covering
C. were covered
D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being
B. are
C. was
D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are
B. is
C. am
D. were
21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.
A. have told
B. tells
C. were told
D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were
B. are
C. is
D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A are telling B. is telling
C. are given
D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away
B. rot away
C. has rotted away
D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning
B. are cleaning
C. were cleaning
D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B. knows
C. is known
D. are known
27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
A. were
B. has been
C. had been
D. was
28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？”
“______ .”
A. Nobody of us has
B. Nobody of us have
C. None of us has
D. None of us did
29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
A. were advancing
B. were advanced
C. was advancing
D. advancing
30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
A. is enjoy
B. were enjoying
C. enjoys
D. enjoy
英语主谓一致精讲精练
英语主谓一致 一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语 1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctor’s is across the street. My uncle’s is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。 表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主语有more than on e…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词
主谓一致用法总结
主谓一致 使用主谓一致时，必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 一、当单数可数名词、不可数名词、复合不定代词、单个不定式（疑问词＋不定式）、动名词或主语从句以及表示“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名、影片名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Visiting a place like this is always very interesting. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists. 二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）＋of＋名词作主语以及分数、百分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词。表示复数概念用复数；表示单数概念用单数。例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television
or using computers. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. 三、在“名词/代词＋介宾结构＋谓语＋…”结构中，谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致，介宾结构看作插入成分。该结构中的常见介词及介词短语有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如： Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit. Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there. 四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry. 五、quality / pair / amount等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词根据
宾补+主谓一致讲解
M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage 宾语补足语 一．英语的五种基本句型结构： ①S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。 ②S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 ③S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。 ④S 十V 十O1十O2主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me．他把座位让给我。 ⑤S 十V 十O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构 They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。 I found him out．我发现他出去了。 They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 说明： S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语二．宾语补足语： 1、定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。 2、使用场合：Verb + object + object complement 3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： (1). 名词： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。 They elected John chairman of the committee. (2). 形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. We’d better leave the door open. We found the ruins most interesting. (3). 介词短语 He left his bag in the office. We found ourselves in the middle of a desert. (4). 副词 He opened the window to let the fresh air in. I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday. (5). 现在分词： I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in. (6). 过去分词： When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree. He raised his voice to make himself heard. I had my watch repaired yesterday. (7). 不定式或省略to 的不定式 My mother allowed me to play games for a while. Can you make your car park over there? 注：(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时，五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）三使（make, let, have）两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel）后接省略to 的不定式 (2).help 一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。 4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider,
主主谓一致精讲(超详细)北京四中文档,内部参考
主谓一致 主谓一致是高一下学期的一个语法专项。对于这一语法的掌握大部分靠理解后的记忆。关键要找准主语，再看其句式结构，按照规则办事。另外，对于作主语的名词还要分清是可数名词还是不可数名词。下面我们就这一语法内容进行讲解。 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。 一、语法上一致： 谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。 A、谓语用单数的情况 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。 例：The boy is clever enough to study maths well. To work hard is necessary. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. Whether she comes or not is of no matter. 2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。 例：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education. No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game. 3、主语是单数，其后尽管有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。 例：The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 4、某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, every body, every one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing.等，当它们作主语时，通常用单数。 5、many a +单名，谓语用单数。 例：Many a student is coming. 6、the number of+复数名词，谓语用单数，中心词是number。 二、意义一致：
(完整版)主谓一致用法总结
主谓一致用法总结 I.主谓一致定义 II.谓语受主语支配，和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。 III.例: My favorite food is noodles. II. 主谓一致的重要原则 ?语法原则 ?意义原则 ?就近一致 （一）语法一致 IV.顾名思义，即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致，不考虑主语的意义。 V.以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。例如： 注意：不定式及动名词作主语时，谓语 动词单数。E.g. 2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Both you and he are right. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has written lots of books. The poet and the writer have come. 可通过名词前定冠词来判断。 3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Now every man and every woman has the right to receive education. 4) 主语后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，together with 等介词短语时，谓语动词仍用与主语（即前面的词语）保持一致。例如： The teacher with his students is going to have a picnic in the park. The students with the teacher are going to have a picnic in the park. Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5) 集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。 如people, police, cattle, clothes等。 集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语，这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 常见集合名词：people, police, cattle, goods, clothes等。 e.g. The police are looking for him. ?有些集合名词如class, team, group, family 根据其表达意义不同，单复数用法也不同。
英语语法主谓一致
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,
l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
主谓一致用法
主谓一致问题： 动名词短语,不定式短语, 名次性从句作主语, 谓语用单数 Doing this is not very easy. To do this alone is not possible. That he is honest is known to all. 主语带有together/along with, such as, as well as, accompanied by, including, rather than 等附加成分, 谓语的数不受附加成分的影响; My father, together with his wife and son, is going to visit China. 表示时间,距离,金额, 重量, 面积, 体积, 容积等度量的名词短语作主语时, 谓语用单数 Ten dollars is not too much. 下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念, 谓语用单数: law and order法制 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子
the needle and thread 针线 horse and carriage马车 bread and butter奶油面包 soap and water肥皂水 fork and knife刀叉 trial and error反复尝试, 不断摸索 time and tide岁月 the ebb and flow盛衰, 潮涨潮落 某些固定结构中谓语的数 many a(each/every)( more than one)+ 单数名词, 谓语用单数 the number of(neither/either of)( one and a half)+ 复数名词, 谓语用单数 1. If law and order ___ not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. how close parents are to their children __ a strong influence on the character of the children.
语法复习二、主谓一致
语法复习二、主谓一致 语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在 人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大 致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就 近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为 复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His faworkingarm. / To study English wellasy. / What he said is vant for us all. / The children wlawo hours ago. / Readingun is bad for you注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是 复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought wglish books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised ward the news. / Band he are
Young P注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人 或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, evan a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher wa/ No boy and no girl l、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather thaan, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓 语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Ggether wwife and children, haa. / Nobody but Jim and Mike walayground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、ach, every 或no +单数名词和由some, avery 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is ma注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Nxts is (are)g. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
主谓一致与宾语补足语练习题学习资料
主谓一致与宾语补足 语练习题
精品文档 主谓一致单选题 1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates __invited to the party. A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers' office after class. A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have 9. About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D . was 10. Mr Smith， together with his children， ____arrived. A.are B. has C. is D. have 11. It ____I who _____leaving for London. A.is…is B. am…is C. is…am D. am…am 12. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. be D. is 13. When and where to build the new factory ____yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest ______. A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 15. That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was 17. Mathematics ____the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 19. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 20. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing. A.is B. are C. have been D. had been 22. No one except my parents _____anything about it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known 23. A number of students _____from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north ____small. A.are B. is C. have D. has 25. Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most， A.is B. are C. was D. were 26. His "Selected Poems" _____first published in 1965. A.were B. was C. has been D. are 27. Miss Smith is a friend of ______. A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. Mother's of Mary D. Mary mother's 28. A good deal of money ____spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall _____ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 30. _____turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves 31. Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 32. All but one ____here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 33. The number of people invited _____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 34. The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories. A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made 35. Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave. A. are B. is C. has been D. are being 37. ____can be done _____been done. A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has 38. John has two brothers， but either ____out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 40. Apples of this kind ____. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
高考英语 第十五章 主谓一致知识精讲
英语中的主谓一致 [知识精讲] 主谓一致是指： 一、语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 ●I often help him and he often helps me. ●We often help each other and learn from each other. 二、意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 1）主语形式虽然为单数，意义为复数的，谓语动词用复数。有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定：如果指整体用单数，如果指这个集体中的个体时则用复数。 ●His family is not very large.（他的“家”是指整体） ●His family are all music lovers.（他的“家人”是指家里的个体） 注意: 集体名词中有一类只当复数看待的词,或者我们只把它们看作复数的词,那么它们的谓语只能用复数,象:cattle,folk,people,police,youth等等,这里要提一下的是people这个词,如果它所表示的是民族的话,那么它的谓语就用单数. 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的词有：news,works，trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称以及以ics 结尾的学科名称等。 ●Physics is a difficult subjiect. ●Her glasses are new. 但是当这类词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式。 ●This pair of pants is fit for me. 三、就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 1、并列结构作主语时。 1）由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数 ●The iron and steel industry is very important. ●The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. 2）当each...and each...;every...and every...;no...and no...;many a.. and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ●Ｎo man and no animal is to be found on the moon. ●Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 3）由not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的保持一致 ●Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.