【专业英语课后题答案】 徐鹿专业英语答案
【专业英语课后题答案】徐鹿专业英语答案
Unit 1 The Fundamentals of Computers
1.1 The Varieties of Computers
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Primary storage, or memory, is the internal computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed. Secondary storage, simply called storage, refers to the devices and media that store data or information permanently.
– Translation : 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内
部电路。而二级存储，简称存储器，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备
和介质。
– 2. Original : A biological nanocomputer, which would be made of DNA and
could fit into a single human cell, would use DNA as its software and enzymes as
its hardware; its molecular-sized circuits would be viewable only through a microscope.
– Translation : 由DNA 制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞中的生物学纳米
计算机会利用DNA 作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件；其具有分子大小尺寸
的电路将只有通过显微镜才能够看见。
1.2 The History of Computers
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : This introduction pought about the first real signs of competition within computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development of computers.
– Translation : 这一引入带来了计算历史中可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助
于刺激计算机更快
–更好的发展。
– 2. Original : While expensive, these machines started the trend for computers within common households.
– Translation : 虽然昂贵，但是这些机器开启了计算机在普通家庭中使用的趋
势。
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
1.1 Computer Motherboard
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and
general reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/write errors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on PC motherboards.
– Translation : 2003年的一个研究发现，一些伪劣的计算机损毁和常规可靠性
的问题，从屏幕图像失真到输入/输出读写错误，并不是由于软件或外围硬
件引起的，而是由于PC 机主板上老化的电容器造成的。
– 2. Original : At power-up the central processor would load its program counter with the address of the boot ROM and start executing ROM instructions
displaying system information on the screen and running memory checks.
– Translation :启动之后，中央处理器将加载记录着引导ROM 地址的程序计数
器，并开始执行ROM 指令，此时在屏幕上显示系统信息并运行内存检查。
1.2 Multi-core Processors
? III. Tr anslating.
– 1. Original : This all assumes however that the software has been designed to take advantage of available parallelism. If it hasn’t, there will not be any speedup at all.
– Translation :无论如何，这都要假定软件设计时已经利用了可行的并行性的
优势。如果没有这样的设计，则加速根本不可能。
– 2. Original : It would be possible for an application that used two CPUs to end up running faster on one dual-core if communication between the CPUs was the
limiting factor, which would count as more than 100% improvement.
– Translation :如果CPU 之间的通信是限制因素，那么对于一个使用两个CPU
的应用程序来说，在一台双核计算机上可能会运行得更快，甚至可以认为是
大于100%的改进。
Unit 3 Computer Software
1.1 Microsoft Visual Studio
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Microsoft Visual Studio can be used to develop console and Graphical User Interface applications along with Windows Forms applications, Websites, Web applications, and Web services in both native code as well as managed code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, Windows
Mobile, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft Silverlight.
– Translation : Microsoft Visual Studio 能够使用本机代码和托管代码，为
Microsoft Windows 、Windows Mobile 、.NET Framework 、.NET Compact
Framework 以及Microsoft Silverlight所支持的所有平台开发控制台和图形用
户界面应用程序，以及Windows 窗体应用程序、网站、Web 应用程序和Web
服务。
– 2. Original : Support for other languages such as Chrome, F#, Python, and Ruby among others has been made available via language services which are to be
installed separately.
– Translation :对其他语言（如其中的Chrome, F#, Python, Ruby ）的支持通过
单独安装的语言服务已经可用。
1.2 Google Earth
? III. Tra nslating.
– 1. Original : Google Earth maps the earth by the superimposition of images obtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS 3D globe.
– Translation : Google Earth通过从卫星影像、航空摄影和GIS 三维地球获得的
图像的叠印绘制了地球。
– 2. Original : Finally, empirical research has shown that while Google does allow people to opt-out from personal listings, a vast majority of people can still be geographically located using phone numbers.
– Translation :最后，经验性研究显示，尽管Google 公司允许人们不再使用个
人列表，但使用电话号码仍可在地理上指出绝大多数人的位置。
Unit 4 Operating System
1.1 Windows Vista
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : In conjunction with SuperFetch, an automatic built-in Windows
Disk Defragmenter makes sure that those applications are strategically positioned
on the hard disk where they can be loaded into memory very quickly with the
least amount of physical movement of the hard disk’s read-write heads.
– Translation :与SuperFetch 结合，自动的内置Windows 磁盘碎片整理程序可
确保那些应用程序被策略性地保存在硬盘上，从而使用最少的硬盘读写头的
物理移动量就能够非常快速地将那些应用程序加载到内存中。
– 2. Original : The Heap Manager implements additional features such as integrity checking in order to improve robustness and defend against buffer overflow
security exploits, although this comes at the price of peaking backward
compatibility with some legacy applications.
– Translation :堆管理器实现了一些额外的特性，例如为了改进健壮性并免于
缓冲区溢出安全漏洞的完整性检查，但是这样做也付出了代价，破坏了对一
些遗留应用程序的向后兼容性。
1.2 Linux
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : However, given that the software licenses explicitly permit redistribution, this provides a basis for larger scale projects that collect the software produced by stand-alone projects and make it available all at once in the form of a Linux distribution.
– Translation :但是，假如软件许可证可明确准许重新销售版本，那么这就为
收集由独立项目编写的软件的大规模项目提供了基础，并使得其可以以
Linux 销售版本的形式立即获得。
– 2. Original:The distinction between the Linux kernel and distributions based on it plus the GNU system is a source of confusion to many newcomers, and the
naming remains controversial, as manylarge Linux distributions (e.g. Ubuntu and SuSE Linux) are simply using the Linux name. rather than GNU/Linux.
Translation :Linux内核与基于它并采用GNU 系统的销售版本之间的区别对
许多新手来说容易引起混淆，而且命名仍然有争议，因为许多大型的Linux
销售版本（例如：Ubuntu 和SuSE Linux ）正在简单地使用Linux 的名字，
而不是GNU/Linux。
Unit 5 Computer Programming
1.1 Object-Oriented Programming
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Object-oriented programming was deployed in part as an attempt to address this problem by strongly emphasizing discrete units of programming
logic and re-usability in software.
– Translation :面向对象程序设计的使用，在某种程度上通过强有力地加强程
序设计逻辑的离散单元和软件中的可重用性来尝试处理这个问题。
– 2. Original : In the past decade Java has emerged in wide use partially because of its similarity to C and to C++, but perhaps more importantly because of its implementation using a virtual machine that is intended to run code unchanged
on many different platforms.
– Translation :在过去十年中，Java 已经被广泛使用，部分原因是在于其与C
和C++的相似之处，然而或许更重要的是由于Java 采用虚拟机实现，虚拟
机是为在许多不同平台上运行无需修改的代码而设计的。
1.2 Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a wide range of secure and robust applications that run on
the .NET Framework.
– Translation :C#是一种简洁的、类型安全的面向对象语言，它能使开发者构
建很多在.NET Framework上运行的安全健壮的应用程序。
– 2. Original: The IL code, along with resources such as bitmaps and strings, is stored on disk in an executable an assembly, typically with an
extension of .exe or .dll.
– Translation : IL代码与位图、串等资源一起存储在磁盘上的一个被称为―程序
集‖的可执行文件中，通常具有.exe 或.dll 的文件后缀。
Unit 6 Databases
1.1 Distributed Database
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : A distributed database is a database that is under the control of a central database management system (DBMS) in which storage devices are not
all attached to a common CPU.
– Translation :分布式数据库是在一个中央数据库管理系统控制下的数据库，
在中央数据库管理系统中，存储设备不是都附着在一个普通的CPU 上。
– 2. Original : Data is located near the site of greatest demand, and the database systems themselves are parallelized, allowing load on the databases to be
balanced among servers.
– Translation :数据位于大量需求处附近，而且数据库系统本身是并行的，允
许数据库上的负载在服务器之间保持平衡。
1.2 Microsoft SQL Server
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : For changes that are made to the data in buffer, SQLOS writes the data back to the disc lazily, that is when the disc subsystem is either free, or there have been significant numbers of changes made to the cache, while still serving requests from the cache.
– Translation :对于那些对缓冲器中数据所做的更改，SQLOS 将数据慢吞吞地
写回磁盘，也就是在磁盘子系统空闲或者已有大量对高速缓存的更改时，仍
然为来自高速缓存的请求提供服务。
– 2. Original: SQL queries specify what data to retrieve, and the query processor optimizes and translates the query into the sequence of operations needed to
retrieve the data.
– Translation : SQL查询语句会指定要检索什么数据，并且查询处理器会将查
询语句优化并翻译成为检索数据所需的操作序列。
Unit 7 Computer Network
1.1 Ethernet
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Ethernet defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the
physical layer, through means of network access at the Media Access Control (MAC)/Data Link Layer, and a common addressing format.
– Translation :通过在介质访问控制/数据链路层的网络访问方法和一种公共寻
址格式，Ethernet 为物理层定义了大量连线和发送信号的标准。
– 2. Original : Adapters generally come programmed with a globally unique address, but this can be overridden, either to avoid an address change when an adapter is replaced, or to use locally administered addresses.
? Translation :适配器通常被设计为具有一个全球唯一地址，但这个地址是可
以被取消的，这是为了避免当一个适配器被替换掉时其地址的变化，或者为
了使用本地管理的地址。
1.2 Wi-Fi
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : The coverage of one or more interconnected access points —
called a hotspot — can comprise an area as small as a single room with
wireless-opaque walls or as large as many square miles covered by overlapping access points
– Translation :一个或多个互相连接的访问点的覆盖—称为―热点‖—可以由一
个很小的区域构成，比如一个具有无线屏蔽墙的单独房间；也可以由一个很
大的区域构成，比如被重叠访问点覆盖的许多平方英里的范围。
– 2. Original: Routers which incorporate a DSL-modem or a cable-modem and a
Wi-Fi access point, often set up in homes and other premises, provide
Internet-access and internetworking to all devices connected (wirelessly or by cable) to them.
– Translation :将DSL 调制解调器或电缆调制解调器与Wi-Fi 访问点结合的路
由器，通常安装在家庭住宅和其他建筑物中，能为所有连接（无线或通过电
缆）到它们的设备提供因特网访问和网络互联。
Unit 8 The Internet
1.1 Grid Computing
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Grid computing is a form of distributed computing whereby a ―super and virt ual computer‖ is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely -coupled computers, acting in concert toperform very large tasks.
– Translation :网格计算是分布式计算的一种形式，通过一个由联网的、松散
耦合的计算机集群组成的―超级虚拟计算机‖进行，集群中的计算机一起运作
来执行非常庞大的任务。
– 2. Original : While the Globus Toolkit remains the defacto standard for building grid solutions, a number of other tools have been built that answer some subset of services needed to create an enterprise or global grid.
– Translation :Globus Toolkit保持了构建网格解决方案的实际标准，与此同时，
许多其他工具已经构建出来以满足创建一个企业级或全球级网格所需的服
务的一些子集。
1.2 Web
2.0
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : According to Tim O’Reilly, Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as platform, and an
attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.
– Translation :根据Tim O’Reilly 所说，Web 2.0是由转向因特网为平台而引发
的计算机行业中的一次商业革命，也是为在这个新平台上取得成功而理解规
则的一次尝试。
– 2. Original: While such design elements have commonly been found on
popular Web 2.0 sites, the association is more one of fashion, a designer
preference which became popular around the same time that ―Web 2.0‖ became a
buzz word.
– Translation :当这样的设计元素已经普遍出现在流行的Web 2.0网站中，这种
关联成为一种时尚，被很多设计者所偏爱，而几乎与此同时，―Web2.0‖也成
为一个流行词语。
Unit 9 E-Commerce
1.1 Electronic Commerce
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.
– Translation :多种多样的商业活动通过这种方式进行经营，刺激和引起了在
电子资金转账、供应链管理、因特网市场营销、在线事务处理、电子数据交
换、库存管理系统以及自动数据收集系统等方面的革新。
– 2. Original Since then people began to associate a word “ecommerce ” with the ability of purchasing various goods through the Internet using secure protocols
and electronic payment services
– Translation :从那以后，人们开始将词语―电子商务‖与利用安全协议和电子支
付服务通过因特网购买各种商品的能力联系起来。
1.2 How PayPal Works
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : The simple idea behind PayPal – using encryption software to allow people to make financial transfers between computers – has turned into one of
the world’s primary methods of online payment.
– Translation :PayPal背后的简单想法——利用加密软件以允许人们在计算机
之间进行金融转让——已经变成全球主要的在线支付方法之一。
– 2. Original: A Buy Now button allows merchants to paste a small piece of
HTML code into their site, creating a button for buyers to click when they want
to purchase an item.
– Translation :一个―Buy Now ‖按钮允许商家将一小段HTML 代码粘贴到他们
的网站中，为顾客创建一个按钮，当他们想购买一件商品时即可点击该按钮。
Unit 10 Computer Security
1.1 A Computer Security
? Exercises
? I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
– _T _ 1. Computer security is a panch of technology arranged under information security category.
– _T _ 2. Physically limiting access to computers is approximately one of the strongest approaches to improve computer security
– _F _ 3. Computer programming strategies are often considered as the most dependent approach for computer security among others.
– _T _ 4. In aviation, transmitting unauthorized communications over specific radio frequencies may spoof air traffic controllers or simply disrupt communications altogether.
– _T _ 5. The issues of computer security are an indispensable part of maintaining an operational industry.
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Furthermore, negative requirements are deceptively complicated to satisfy and require exhaustive testing to verify, which is impractical for most computer programs
– Translation :此外，否定的需求要满足看似很复杂，且需要详尽的测试来验
证，这对于大多数计算机程序来说是不切实际的。
– 2. Original Other accidental and intentional faults have caused significant disruption of safety critical systems throughout the last few decades and dependence on reliable communication and electrical power only jeopardizes
computer safety.
– Translation :在近几十年当中，其他意外和蓄意故障已经造成了对绝对重要
的安全系统的重大破坏，并且对可靠通信和电力的依赖会危及计算机安全。
1.2 Computer Virus
? Exercises
? I. Read the following statements care fully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
– _T _ 1. Windows is by far the most popular operating system for virus writers due to their market dominance.
– _T _ 2. Bugs in software generally means potential exploits for the spread of viruses.
– _T _ 3. The method of using a heuristic algorithm to find viruses can detect viruses which haven’t yet been defined in the current database of known virus
―signatures ‖.
– _F _ 4. The backups on CD/DVD are always safe because the media becomes
read-only and can no longer be affected by a virus
– _F _ 5. Anti-virus software can enhance the underlying capability of host software to prevent viruses transmitting
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : The virus loads the replication module into memory when it is executed and ensures that this module is executed each time the operating system
is called to perform a certain operation.
– Translation :病毒在执行时将复制模块加载到内存中，并且确保这个模块在
每次操作系统被调用执行一个特定操作时都被执行
– 2. Original: In 1997, when a virus for Linux was released –known as ―Bliss‖
– leading antivirus vendors issued warnings that Unix-like systems could fall
prey to viruses just like Windows.
– Translation : 1997年，当一个Linux 病毒被发布—即我们所知的―Bliss‖—主
要杀毒提供商发出警告：类Unix 系统可能正像Windows 一样变成病毒的猎
物。
Unit 11 Software Engineering
1.1 Software Engineering
? Exercises
? I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
– _T _ 1. The potential complexity of software systems necessitates software engineering
– _ F _ 2. Custom software rose first from small business.
– _T _ 3. The development of hardware allows software to grow more complex and more widely available.
– _T _ 4. Systematic and formal code reuse is necessitated to industrialize the software development process.
– _F _ 5. Software engineering is subject to many other disciplines, such as computer science, project management, and systems engineering.
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of
software. It encompasses techniques and procedures, often regulated by a
software development process, with the purpose of improving the reliability and maintainability of software systems.
– Translation :隐藏在瀑布模型后面的中心思想是，早期在确保需求和设计完
全正确上花费的时间将使以后的开发省时省力。
– 2. Original The discipline of software engineering includes knowledge, tools,
and methods for software requirements, software design, software construction, software testing, and software maintenance tasks.
– Translation :迭代开发规定了一个软件项目中从最初很小但不断增大的部分
的构建，以帮助参与的各方在问题或假设错误可能导致灾难之前及早暴露重
要的问题。
1.2 Software Development Process
? Exercises
? I. Read the following statements ca refully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
– _T _ 1. Process models describe approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that take place during the software development process.
– _F _ 2. The iterative model has replaced the traditional waterfall model due to its higher efficiency
– _T _ 3. CMMI can guide software development organizations to follow their
defined processes
– _F _ 4. Formal methods are mathematical approaches to solving software
problems which are most likely to be applied in mathematics area.
– _T _ 5. Reducing even bypassing the workload spent on coding may be an
obvious part of the software engineering development in future.
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : This is the central idea behind the waterfall model - time spent early on making sure that requirements and design are absolutely correct will save you much time and effort later.
– Translation :隐藏在瀑布模型后面的中心思想是，早期在确保需求和设计完
全正确上花费的时间将使以后的开发省时省力。
– 2. Original: Iterative development prescribes the construction of initially small but ever larger portions of a software project to help all those involved to uncover important issues early before problems or faulty assumptions can lead to disaster. – Translation :迭代开发规定了一个软件项目中从最初很小但不断增大的部分
的构建，以帮助参与的各方在问题或假设错误可能导致灾难之前及早暴露重
要的问题。
Unit 12 The Future of Computer
1.1 The Future of Computing (1)
? Exercises
? I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
– _T _ 1. When computer power growing boosted multi-tasking, the hardware cost reducing spurred personal computers quite naturally designed for single-tasking.
– _ F _ 2. In superscalar architecture, several CPUs are fused together in a single multi-core package, and several such multi-core chips can be installed on a single motherboard.
– _T _ 3. Developer productivity gains appeal to higher performing processors.
– _T _ 4. Runaway power consumption has put a curb on raw clock speed
increases.
– _F _ 5. Now, Practical gains have amounted to 3x to 5x Performance boost warranted by multiple execution units.
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : Extrapolating the parallel further we may expect even
tighter-integrated “microblades ” to arrive in the near future when we master computer integration to the same degree as we havemastered integrated circuits.
– Translation :进一步推测这种类比，我们可以期待，当我们掌握计算机集成
到了与现在已经掌握的集成电路一样的程度时，甚至更紧密集成的―微刀片‖
会在不久的将来出现。
– 2. Original Massive performance gains warranted by proper application of
VLIW concept allowed Elpus machines to overcome manufacturing and
technological limitations and beautifully serve their purpose.
– Translation :由超长指令字（VLIW ）概念的适当应用保证的大规模性能提高
允许Elpus 机器克服制造和技术的限制并且漂亮地达到了目的。
1.2 The Future of Computing (2)
? Exercises
? I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.
– _T _ 1. For a long time we had thought that a better CPU makes a better computer.
– _T _ 2. IBM’s SiGe chips present a way of frequency increases that does not result in increasing power consumption.
– _T _ 3. We may boost performance at least by an order of magnitude just by optimizing the code.
– _T _ 4. We are likely to return to the special-purpose computing in a new loop in the spiral
– _F _ 5. Hardware that is more dedicated and efficient than CPU is better suited for various complex tasks.
? III. Translating.
– 1. Original : As people become more and more aware of “green ” concepts and conscious of power consumption our eyes will finally open to extremely bloated
code that out GHz-rated CPUs execute at the same rate as MHz-rated processors
in specialized devices.
– Translation :随着人们越来越认识到―绿色‖概念并越来越意识到电力消耗，我
们的眼睛将最终变得更容易接受那些极为臃肿的代码，过时的千兆赫级CPU
执行这些代码的速度与专用设备中的兆赫级处理器相同。
– 2. Original: Indeed such complete isolation of software components (database instances, Web applications, network services, and the like) that are currently squeezed together on the same server should greatly improve system robustness due to the possibility of real-timecomponent hot-s upgrade and completely eliminating software installation, deployment and patch conflicts that plague large servers of today.
– Translation :事实上，这种软件组件（数据库实例、Web 应用、网络服务等，
且目前被一起塞入同一台服务器中）的完全孤立应该能够大大提高系统的健壮性，这是由于如下可能性的存在：实时组件热插拔或升级，以及完全消除软件安装、部署和那些困扰当今大型服务器的补丁冲突。
信息与通信工程专业英语习题讲解学习
信息与通信工程专业英语习题2018
一：专业词汇 1、SIFT：尺度不变特征转换； 2、ANMS：自适应非极大值抑制法； 3、BM3D：三维块匹配； 4、binary thresholding segmentation：最优二值阈值分割 5、rough entropy：粗糙熵 6、rough fuzzy set：粗糙模糊集/粗模糊集 7、Plasma resonance sensing：等离子体共振传感 8、Long period grating：长周期光栅 9、Optical sensor：光学传感器 10、optical fiber sensors：光纤传感器 11、Evanescent field:：倏逝场 12、biochemical sensing：生物医学传感 13、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping（SLAM）：同时定位与地图构建 14、Loop Closure Detection：回环检测 15、General Graph Optimization（g2o）：开源的图优化库 16、Massive multiple-input multiple output （MIMO）：大容量多输入多输出 17、time-division duplex system（TDD：时分双工系统
18、frequency-division duplex system（FDD）：分频双工系统 19、spectral efficiency：频谱效率 20、joint transmission coordinated multipoint：联合传动协调多点 21、GSM：全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communications) 22、MSC：移动业务交换中心(mobile switching center) 23、WAP：无线应用通讯协议（Wireless Application Protocol） 24、redundancy ：冗余度 25、sampling ：抽样 26、quantitative：量化 27、demodulate：解调 28、multiplexable：多路复用的 29、resolution：分辨率 30、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping：即时定位与建图 31、Visual Odometry：视觉里程计 32、Laser Scanner：激光雷达 33、Time-domain：时域 34、Finite-element：有限元
数学专业英语
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
综合英语 1 课后翻译答案
Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。(hand in hand) The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。(well up) When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。(look into) Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。(part) Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we used to. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（head） A government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa yesterday, starting a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching tools, for all your lessons as well as all the questions and all the answers can be shown on a screen. 4.张利的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人请来医生。（send for） Zhang Li’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday, so he sent for a doctor immediately.
通信与信息工程专业英语教程参考答案(Communication English)
参考答案( Communication English ) 第一章电子通信导论 1.将表1-1译成中文。 表1-1 通信大事纪 年代事件 公元前3000年埃及人发明象形文字 公元800年借鉴印度, 阿拉伯人使用我们的现行数制 1440年约翰.戈登贝尔发明可移动的金属记录带 1752年贝莱明.富兰克林的风筝证明了雷闪是电 1827年欧姆发表欧姆定律( I = E / R) 1834年 C.F.高斯和E.H.韦伯发明电磁电报 1838年W.F.库克和C.维特斯通发明电报 1844年S.F.B.莫尔斯演示巴尔的摩和华盛顿的电报线路 1850年G.R.基尔赫夫发表基尔赫夫电路定律 1858年铺设第一条越洋电缆, 并于26天后举办博览会 1864年J.C.麦克斯威尔预言电磁辐射 1871年电报工程师协会在伦敦成立 1876年 A.G.贝尔发明电话并获专利 1883年 A.爱迪生发现真空管中的电子流 1884年美国电气工程师协会(AIEE)成立 1887年H.赫兹证明麦克斯威的理论 1900年G.马可尼传送第一个越洋无线电信号 1905年R.芬森登利用无线电传送语音和音乐 1906年L.弗雷斯特真空三极管放大器 1915年贝尔系统完成美国大陆电话线路 1918年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明超外差接收机电路 1920年第一个定时无线广播 J.R.卡尔松将取样用于广播 1926年美国演示电视 1927年H.布兰克在贝尔实验室发明负反馈放大器 1931年电传打字机投入运营 1933年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明调频 1935年R.A.沃特森-瓦特发明第一个实用雷达 1936年英国广播公司(BBC)开办第一个电视广播 1937年 A.雷弗斯提出脉冲编码调制(PCM) 1941年J.V.阿当拉索夫在依俄华州立大学发明计算机 1945年ENIAC电子数字计算机研发于宾夕伐尼亚大学 1947年布雷登、巴登和肖克利在贝尔实验室研制晶体管 S.O.莱斯在贝尔实验室研究噪声的统计表征1948年 C.E.香农发表他的信息理论
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1 数学、方程与比例 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. （8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 （1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. （2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. （3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。
全新版大学英语综合教程课后翻译答案
1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 2.The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 3.每当她生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。 4.Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. 5.教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最 好的私立学校上学。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f16622245.html,cation is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school. 7. 8.another 9. 些由他自己造成的痛苦经历 20.I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory --- he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing. 21.背离传统需要极大勇气 22.It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 23.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了 24.Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 25.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是可取的
【专业英语课后题答案】 徐鹿专业英语答案
【专业英语课后题答案】徐鹿专业英语答案 Unit 1 The Fundamentals of Computers 1.1 The Varieties of Computers ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : Primary storage, or memory, is the internal computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed. Secondary storage, simply called storage, refers to the devices and media that store data or information permanently. – Translation : 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内 部电路。而二级存储，简称存储器，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备 和介质。 – 2. Original : A biological nanocomputer, which would be made of DNA and could fit into a single human cell, would use DNA as its software and enzymes as its hardware; its molecular-sized circuits would be viewable only through a microscope. – Translation : 由DNA 制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞中的生物学纳米 计算机会利用DNA 作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件；其具有分子大小尺寸 的电路将只有通过显微镜才能够看见。 1.2 The History of Computers ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : This introduction pought about the first real signs of competition within computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development of computers. – Translation : 这一引入带来了计算历史中可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助 于刺激计算机更快 –更好的发展。 – 2. Original : While expensive, these machines started the trend for computers within common households. – Translation : 虽然昂贵，但是这些机器开启了计算机在普通家庭中使用的趋 势。 Unit 2 Computer Hardware 1.1 Computer Motherboard ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and general reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/write errors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on PC motherboards. – Translation : 2003年的一个研究发现，一些伪劣的计算机损毁和常规可靠性 的问题，从屏幕图像失真到输入/输出读写错误，并不是由于软件或外围硬 件引起的，而是由于PC 机主板上老化的电容器造成的。 – 2. Original : At power-up the central processor would load its program counter with the address of the boot ROM and start executing ROM instructions displaying system information on the screen and running memory checks. – Translation :启动之后，中央处理器将加载记录着引导ROM 地址的程序计数
09通信工程专业英语试卷A及全部答案
琼州学院 09通信工程专业《专业英语》试卷 2011 ——2012学年度第 1 学期期末考试（ C ）卷答案 注意事项： 1、考前请将密封线内填写清楚 2、所有答案请直接答在试卷上（或答题纸上） 3、考试形式：（闭）卷 4、本试卷共 大题，满分100分。考试时间120分钟 5 一、科技常用词组翻译（本题共20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 1、英翻中 (1)client 客户机 (2)router 路由器 (3)hub 集线器 (4)destination address 目的地址 (5)datagram 数据报 (6)amplify 放大 (7)medium 媒介 (8)information 信息 (9)transmission 传输 (10)multimedia 多媒体 2、中翻英 (1)超链接 hyperlink (2)交易 transation (3)电子商务 E-commerce (4)适配器 adapter (5)调制解调器 modem (6)中国电信 China Telecom (7)数字业务 digital service (8)虚拟现实 virtual reality (9)分组交换网 packet-switching network (10)子网 subnetwork 二、英、中词组正确搭配（每组 1 分，共 10 分） 班 级 姓名 学 号 密 封 装 订 线
1.Bearer channel 数据信道5. 2.Terminal Adapter 处理信号4. 3.analog system 用户设备6. 4.handle signaling 载波信道1. 5.data channel 模拟系统3. 6.customer equipment 终端适配器2. 7.service type 端到端数字连接10. 8.Integrated Services Digital Network 数字交换系统 9. 9.digital switching system 综合业务数字网8. 10.end-to-end digital connectivity 业务类型7. 三、把下面句子翻译成中文（本题共 5 小 题，每题 4 分，共 20 分） 1、Data is a collection of un_organized facts. 数据是无组织的事实的集合. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f16622245.html,rmation is data that is organized ,has meaning,and is useful. 信息是有组织的,有意义的和有用的数据. 3.The system unit is a box-like case made of metal or plastic. 系统单元是金属或塑料制成的象盒般的箱子. 4.Storage hold data,instruction,and information for future use. 存储器保存数据,指令和信息以便将来使用. 5.Modems are available as both external and internal devices. 调制解调器可作为内部或外部的设备.
数学专业英语一次函数专题
“数学专业英语一次函数专题”教学设计 1. 教学内容及解析 教学内容：与直角坐标系及一次函数相关的英语文献资料 内容解析：本节内容应从两个方面去考虑. 一方面，从数学知识的角度，本节所涉及的是从平面直角坐标系到一次函数的数学知识，都是学生学过的基础知识及其应用，是对于这些知识的拉练式复习，并作为后面用英语叙述解答相关问题知识基础；另一方面，从语言的角度，学生会接触到大量没有接触过，但他们却很熟悉的英语词汇及短语，主动学习的学生可以在老师的指导下快速理解其含义并加入到自己的知识体系中，但需要花时间巩固，是需要读、写、说来巩固的内容. 这也正是本节的重点和难点所在. 2. 教学目标及解析 教学目标：①能根据已有的数学知识和给出的单词对照表，将给出的相关数学定理及结论的英语版本翻译为中文；②能理解并解答用英语表述的相关数学问题；③能将解决数学问题的过程用英语进行书面表述；④初步了解用英语表达与直角坐标系及一次函数相关数学理论的范式. 目标解析：学生掌握基本词汇，并能阅读与本节内容相关的英语文献，是学习和使用数学专业英语的最基本要求，学生需要在学习的过程中逐渐由接受，即阅读或聆听，逐渐向输出，即书面和口头表达的方向发展. 为达到此目标，学生需要在课前独立完成对于本节需要的单词的学习，并阅读一系列简短的相关数学文献，并在这个过程中初步体会数学专业英语的表达范式；在课堂上，在教师的指导下对自己的认知进一步补充，并进行一定量的练习，暴露自己的问题，在教师的帮助下修正问题，完善认知. 3. 教学问题诊断分析 学生在进行语言表达时，往往受到母语的限制，对于非母语的表达方式的接受能力一时难以习惯，而数学对于表达能力则有更高的要求，要求叙述简洁、逻辑清晰，因此本教学设计强调学生在有相当阅读量的积累后，通过自主练习，逐渐感受用英语表达数学理论的基本范式. 教师在教学过程中的主要任务在于为学生提供合适的学习资料，在学生学习的过程中给予提示与指导，及时指出学生的问题并予以纠正. 对于语言的学习，阅读量的积累是至关重要的，教师在课堂上的讲解、学生在课堂上的练习，都只是学习的一部分环节，如果需要帮助学生正确掌握表达数学理论的范式，尽量不留死角，就必须保证课前预习和课后复习的有效性，预习复习材料的充足性，这对教师的教学资料的积累和学生自主学习能力，都是一个挑战. 4. 教学支持条件分析 学情条件：初二8班是实验班，学生有较强的学习热情和好奇心，也知道课前预习、课上参与学习活动、课后复习的重要性，在曾经的数学课程教学中，也有一定的课前预习，课堂讨论的传统，对于本教学设计的各个环节，是可以理解教师的用意，并遵循教师的指导进行学习活动. 在知识层面上，学生已经系统学习过一次函数相关的知识，课程中提供的学习资料都是学生熟悉的数学知识；学生在英语学习上，已经有多年的积累，对于英语语法的学
全新版大学英语综合教程正确的课后翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程正确的课后翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
一 我认为总结一下英语学习的经验是值得一试的。这里，我想谈谈三个相关的问题。 首先，大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入(language input)的。其次，尽可能多背一些好文章也十分重要。一方面，死记硬背(rote learning)确实无甚裨益，但另一方面，在真正理解基础上的熟记肯定对我们有好处。大脑中存储了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。最后，我们应该把所学到的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说，我们就能完成提高英语水平的任务。 I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First, wide reading should be taken as a priority in the learning progress, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. On the one hand, rote learning/learning by rote is indeed of little help, but on the other hand, memorization/learning by heart with a good understanding will certainly be of benefit /do good to us. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express us in English. Finally, it's critical that we should put what we have learned into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to the task of perfecting our English. 自从他加盟以来，乔治从早忙到晚。他总是乐呵呵的，一直全身心地扑在工作上。由于表现出色，他被提升为执行总裁（CEO=CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER）.从那以后，他尽力和工人打成一片，从不盛气凌人。另外，他制定了一些奖励制度，鼓励工人们努力工作。他相信忠诚和勤劳会大大促使公司获得成功。人们都说他是位出色的执行总裁。 George was on the run since the moment he came aboard. He was always cheerful and devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Because of his excellent performance he was promoted to CEO. From then on he tried hard to blend in with other workers and never threw his weight around. He also laid down/introduced a reward system to encourage the workers to work hard. He believed that loyalty and hard work would greatly contribute to the success of the company. By all accounts he was an outstanding chief executive officer. 也许你羡慕我，因为我可以借助计算机在家里工作。我也这么想，互联网使我的工作方便多了。我可以通过电子邮件撰写、编辑并交出我的文章，在网上与我的同事聊天，与老板讨论工作。我用鼠标一击，马上就能拿到我要的一切资料，获得最新的消息。可是，另一方面，用网络通信有时也令人沮丧。系统有可能瘫痪，更糟的是，因为没有面对面交谈的情感提示，键出的词有时候似乎很难理解。 Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer . I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, write and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of
计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.
memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
4. keyboard
5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
1 / 30
通信专业英语复习题B卷
通信专业英语复习题Part B 一、基础词汇 1.Inductor电感 2.Alternative Curren t交流电流 3.DC直流 4.Plastic 塑料 5.LED发光二极管 6.fuse保险丝 7.Electric Potential 电势能 8.V oltage电压 9.Ohm’s Law欧姆定律10.Solid 固体12Rectifier 整流器13.Bias 偏置14.FET 场效应晶体管15.Frequency Drift 频率漂移16.Temperature Drift温度漂移 2.OA 18.Gain 增益19.Couple耦合20.Feedback 反馈21.Crystal Oscillator晶体振荡器 22.Conversion 转换23.Phase Detector鉴相器24.Local Oscillator 本机振荡器25.ANT SWITCH天线开关26V oltage Controlled Oscillator 压控振荡器27.Ethernet 以太网28.Configure 配置29.Digital Interface数字接口 30.Frame Relay 帧中继31.TCP 传输控制协议32.PCS 个人通信系统33.DNS 域名服务器34.decode 解码35.Description概述 3.36.Base Station基站37.Mobile 移动39.Transmitter 发送器40.Receiver接收器 二、词汇缩写与翻译 1.High Fidelity，缩写HI-FI，中文翻译高保真； 2.Field Effect Transistor，缩写FET，中文翻译场效应晶体管； 3.Central Processing Unit,缩写CPU ，中文翻译中央处理机； 4.Carrier Sense Multiple Access，缩写CSMA，中文翻译载波监听多址访问； 5.Digital to Analog Converter，缩写DAC ，中文翻译数模转换器； 6.Arithmetic Logic Unit，缩写ALU，中文翻译算术逻辑单元； 7.American National Standards Institute，缩写ANSI，中文翻译美国国家标准协会； 8.Asynchronous Transfer Mode，缩写ATM，中文翻译异步传输模式； 9.Bit Error Ratio，缩写BER ，中文翻译误码率； https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f16622245.html,mon Traffic Channel，缩写CTCH，中文翻译公共业务信道； 11.Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution，缩写EDGE，中文翻译增强型的GSM环境； 12.Frequency Division Duplex，缩写FDD ，中文翻译频分双工； 13.Global Positioning System，缩写GPS ，中文翻译全球定位系统； 14.Media Access Control，缩写MAC ，中文翻译媒体访问控制； 15.Mobile Broadcast Wireless Access，缩写MBWA ，中文翻译移动广播无线接入； 16.Operation And Maintenance center，缩写OMC ，中文翻译操作维护中心； 17.Orthogonal Variable Spreading Function，缩写OVSF ，中文翻译正交可变扩频函数； 18.Primary Synchronization Code，缩写PSC ，中文翻译主同步码； 19.Real Time Protocol，缩写RTP ，中文翻译实时协议； 20.Total Access Communications System，缩写TACS ，中文翻译全接入通信系统； 21.Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，缩写UART ： 中文翻译通用异步收发器； 22.Wireless Fidelity，缩写WIFI ，中文翻译无线网； 23.Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，缩写WCDMA，中文翻译宽带码分多址；Watch Dog Timer，缩写WDT，中文翻译监视计时器；