状语的分类及用法
状语的分类及用法
状语的分类及用法
?英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
?(1) 时间状语
?I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
?Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。
?Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。
?(2) 地点状语
?Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
?You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。
?(3) 程度状语
?He read very carefully. 他读得很他仔细。
?I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。
?(4) 目的状语
?We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
?He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。
?She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够
现在分词作状语详解
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
现在分词作状语的用法
现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时 或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结 果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主 语。如： Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这 个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。
②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如： Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办 Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
非谓语动词doing和done做状语的用法技巧
高中英语秋季班（教师版）
一、用动词的适当形式填空： 非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句 A.作时间状语： eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = _______________, they couldn’t help crying. ②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look. While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home. =_____________, he went home. B.作原因状语： Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. =____________, he could not afford to travel abroad. ________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder. _______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post. ________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away. _____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. ②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost. _________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up. =_____________. C.方式/伴随状语; Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh). ②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students. D.作条件状语： Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better. =______________ , I would have done the job far better. ②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves. ②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left. F.作让步状语： Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. = _____________, it cleared up very soon. ②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 分词作状语时, 需注意事项: A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ : ____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. 知识点讲解
分词做状语用法总结
外教一对一https://www.360docs.net/doc/1818923753.html, 分词做状语用法总结 一、表时间 Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。 Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。 Asked why he came late, he said that got up late. 当他被问到为什么来晚了时，他说他起床起晚了。 二、表原因 Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. 由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。 Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于他病了很长时间，他需要一段恢复的时间。 Moved by their speech, I was at a loss what to say. 被他们的发言感动，我不知说什么好。 三、表条件 Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 及时吃，这药会很有效的。 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃玛。你老站着，只会弄得你更累。 Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。 四、表让步 Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。 Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。 五、表方式 He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。 I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。 六、表伴随 I offered them something to eat, thinking they might be hungry. 我给了他们一些东西吃，心想他们可能会饿。 They came in, followed by their wives. 他们走了进来，后面跟着他们的妻子。
分词作状语用法
分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别
现在分词作状语的用法
现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如：
Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办? Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
分词做状语详细例句
分词做状语详细例句 1时间状语 Seeing from the top of the hill ,we can see the park clearly Seen from the top of the hill ,the park is beautiful Seeing her mother ,the baby stopped crying Seeing the cat ,the moust ran away Seeing from the space, the earth looks green Hearing his father’s voice ,the boy turned off the TV set at once Hearing their teache’s voice, the puiples stopped talking at once Having finished his homework, the boy went to bed ~ Having been shown Tianan’men Square ,the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum Having arrived at the farm ,the set to work immediately Having watered the flowers ,he had a rest When crossing the street ,be careful On hearing the good news ,they all jumped with joy 2 原因状语 Being poor ,he couldn’t afford to buy the car Being a teacher ,she is very kind to her students Being ill ,the boy didn’t go to school this morning Not knowing his address ,I can’t get touch with him > Taken good care of ,the old man is living a happy life Berried deep down in the earth ,the dead forests rotten away and became coal Having lived in the city for many years ,he knows the city very well Having received his letter ,he decided to write back Having been bitten by a snake ,she was frightened at it Having been told to stay in Beijing ,the young man decided not to go back his hometown Not having received a reply ,he decided to write a letter again Caught in a heavy rain ,he was all wet 3伴随状语 The old man often takes a walk ,followed by his dog ] The dog often takes a walk ,following its owner She came in the room ,following her husband She came in the room ,followed bu her husband All night long ,he lay awake ,thinking of the problem He sat in the sofa ,read a newspaper He stood there ,waching the children playing games The six blind men stood there ,begging for meal 4让步状语 Living miles away ,he attended the course
doing做状语
Unit 5 Grammar ：Revising the –ing form. ?学习目标： (1) 动词-ing形式作状语可表示：时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。 (2) 动词-ing形式的完成式： 主动：Having + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 被动：(Having been) + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 【重点难点】灵活应用V-ing作状语 一.第一关：判断Ving 在句中的成分 1.The child ran out of the room, laughing and talking. 2.Seeing nobody at home, Linda decided to leave them a note. 3.If having more time, we can do it better. 4.Though living near her house,I seldom see her . 5.The child fell, striking his head. 分词作状语表示时间、_____\______\____\______\______，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语______，Ving表示的动作与主语之间含有逻辑上的_____关系。 第二关：把V-ing改成状语从句做状语 https://www.360docs.net/doc/1818923753.html,ing out of my house, I saw the volcano erupting. 2.Waking up in the middle of the might, She saw her room was as bright as day. 3. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa ____ ______TV.) 4. Though having little money, he always helped the poor. (=_____ ____ ________little money, he always helped the poor. 5.Being too fat, he couldn’t join the army. 6.Having more time, I will do the work much better. 归纳：V-ing做状语，其前往往可以加-------------------------------------等连词，构成“连词+V-ing”结构。 第三关：把状语从句改成V-ing做状语 1.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = ，I came across an old friend. 2.As he was ill, he didn’t go to school. = ，he didn’t go to school. 3. If you use your head, you'll have a good idea. = , you'll have a good idea. 4.Though he worked very hard, he didn't feel a bit tired.
分词作状语用法
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。
分词作状语用法小结
分词作状语用法小结 在高中英语语法中，非谓语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助，下面就分词作状语的用法作以下总结。 分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when引出。（一般情况下过去分词不作结果状 的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。例如： I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse. Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy. He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被动式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被动关系。并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，请看以下例句：Being a student, he was interested in books. Being very small, computers are widely used. Being tired, I can’t go on walking. 2. 现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表示的动作或 状态之前就已发生。例如： Having done the work, he went home. Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. Having been deserted by his guide, he could not find his way through the jungle. 从以上例句中我们可以看出，现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。而其完成被动式却表示分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。 3．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于谓语动词之前就已发生。例如： Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke. The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
动名词做状语
教师评价： Failure is the mother of success. - · 失败乃成功之母。 必修四unit4动名词做状语 【Teaching aim 】:learn v.-ing forms used as adverbial 【Teaching important point 】: learn v.-ing forms as adverbial 【Teaching difficult point 】 : how to use v.-ing forms as adverbial 【自学导引】 一、 动名词的形式 二、功能及用法（做状语） -ing 分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1.-ing 分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while 引出。如： 1).While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。 2).Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。 2.-ing 分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： 1).Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 2).Being poor, he didn’t go to school until eight .因为家里穷，他直到八岁才上学。 3).Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。 3.-ing 分词短语作结果状语。如： 1).His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 2).She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 4.-ing 分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如： 1).They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 2).Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 5.-ing 分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如： Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 注: -ing 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。 6. “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing 分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如： 1).His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。 2).Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。 注意： 1.-ing 形式的完成式作状语时，表明其与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾或者主谓关系，且先于谓语动词发生。如: 1).Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 2).Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
分词做状语
分词作状语需要注意的问题: 一. 表示伴随，行为方式 He ran to me, holding a letter in his hand. Accompanied by his friends, he went to the railway station. He scratched his head, wondering how to solve the problem. She came back running. 二．表示时间，相当于when, after 引导的时间状语从句 Seeing this, we became worried. (When we saw this, we became worried.) Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. (After he took a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.) Heated to 100 degree, water boils. (When water is heated to 100 degree, it boils.) 三．表示原因，背景，状况，相当于because引导的状语从句Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. Born in a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. Absorbed in his work, he neglected food and sleep. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Having finished the experiment, he left the lab. Having been giving such a good chance, hw could she let it slip away. 四．表示条件和假设，相当于if引导的状语从句 Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 五．表示结果 He fell down, striking his head against the ground and hurting it. 六．独立主格形式（分词复合结构或独立结构） 当上述的分词结构中主句的主语不是现在分词的动作发出者或过去分词的动作承受者时，分词有自己的主语 Mother (being) ill, he didn’t go to school. With mother being ill, he didn’t go to school. Cf: Being ill, he didn’t go to school. Weather permitting, we shall go to the city park. Cf: Permitted, we shall go to the city park. The question (being) settled, we wound up the meeting. With the question being settled, we wound up the meeting. He came into the room, his face (being) red with cold. He came into the room, with his face being read with cold.