英语阅读理解(人物故事)专项及解析

英语阅读理解(人物故事)专项及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类

1．阅读理解

Half a Day

I walked alongside my father, holding his right hand. All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.

"Why school?" I asked my father. "What have I done?"

"I'm not punishing you," he said, laughing. "School's not a punishment. It's a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don't you want to be useful like your brothers?"

I was not convinced. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.

When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. "Go in by you," said my father, "and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others."

I hesitated and squeezed his hand firmly, but he gently pushed me from him. "Be a man", he said. "Today you truly begin life. You will find me waiting for you when it's time to leave."

I took a few steps. Then the faces of the boys and girls came into view. I did not know a single one of them, and none of them knew me. I felt I was a stranger who had lost his way. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and asked, "Who brought you?"

"My father," I whispered.

"My father's dead," he said simply.

I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along and said, "This is your new home. There are mothers and fathers here, too. Everything that is enjoyable and beneficial is here. So dry your tears and face life joyfully."

Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences.

（1）On the way to school, the boy felt .

A. happy

B. embarrassed

C. upset

D. excited

（2）About schooling, Father suggested .

A. wearing a smile

B. tearing himself away from games

C. waiting for parents

D. throwing himself to studying

（3） helped him most on the first day at school.

A. Teachers and classmates

B. Courtyards and buildings

C. Father and brother

D. New uniforms and shoes

（4）What would probably happen next?

A. The school life would turn out to be a failure.

B. Boys in the school would watch him curiously.

C. He would open up a new journey of colorful life.

D. His parents would accompany him at the school.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者第一天去学校的时候并不开心，但是等他到了学校之后，他结交了很多朋友，开始了新的生活。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the firs t time.”可知穿新衣服并没有让作者开心，因为他要第一次被扔进学校了；再根据第四段中的“I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.”可知作者不相信将他从家中撕裂并被扔进这座巨大的高墙建筑（也就是学校）中真的有什么好处。综合可知作者认为去学校不好，去学校的路上是不开心的，沮丧的，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Go in by you, " said my father, "and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others. "可知作者的父亲对他说："进去吧，加入他们的行列。面带微笑，成为他人的好榜样。"也就是作者的父亲让他面带微笑，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“A lady came along and said, "This is your n ew home. …and face life joyfully. ”；以及最后一段中的"Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends.“可知老师过来对作者他们说了一番话，作者听了这番话之后觉得之前自己的顾虑是毫无根据的，打消了顾虑。他一开始就交到了很多朋友。这说明老师帮助作者在学校的第一天过得很好，他的同学也和他成为了朋友。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”From the first moments I made many friends. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences.“可知从一开始我就结交了很多朋友。我从未想象过学校会有如此丰富的经历。由此推断之后作者会在学校开始新的生活，会有丰富的经历，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Arthur Dubois isn't your typical grandfather. That's because at 72 years old, the Chicago resident is a newly discovered hip-hop artist.

This week, Dubois walked into Haven Studios, a music program on the South Side of Chicago that supports young ambitious artists. The owner of Haven Studios, Andre "Add-2" Daniels, said Dubois claimed he was "young at heart." So, Daniels decided to listen to Dubois' music. He was completely floored. Daniels quickly took videos showcasing Dubois' talents and posted them to Twitter. His tweet went viral, receiving thousands of reactions within a matter of days. Now, Dubois' talents have even caught the attention of some famous hip-hop producers.

"It's not what you would expect, right?" Daniels says in one of the videos. Dubois music is playing in the background, giving a steady beat that easily invites listeners to dance.

Dubois said his style was entirely self-taught. He first started teaching himself to produce hip-hop beats about six years ago, after he retired. "I found something to do," he told NPR's Scott Simon. "I had to learn how to do the computer and music at the same time." Dubois taught himself by using the audio editing software. Now he's learning another new skill-social media. Dubois' newfound social media fame has been a little overwhelming for him. "I was shocked," he said. "I broke down and cried because I didn't know that many people liked me." Daniels has helped Dubois set up accounts on Twitter and Instagram for his fans to follow, "I'd never used Instargram, Twitter and all that other stuff," Dubois said. "Because I didn't believe in that stuff myself. But now I've got to have it." The attention doesn't seem to have gone to Dubois' head though-he doesn't really care about getting famous or making money. "I just want to put it out there and let other people hear my music."

（1）What does the underlined word "floored" in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Astonished.

B. Scared.

C. Nervous.

D. Hurt.

（2）Who helped Dubois take up hip-hop?

A. Daniels.

B. He himself.

C. NPR's Scott Simon.

D. Hip-hop producers.（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. Daniels set up accounts for Dubois.

B. Daniels didn't enjoy Dubois' music at first.

C. Dubois seeks for personal fame and wealth.

D. Dubois didn't expect his popularity on the Internet.

（4）What can we conclude from the passage?

A. Well begun in half done.

B. It's never too late to learn.

C. Lost time in never found again.

D. One good turn deserves another.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,72岁的爷爷Dubois自学嘻哈音乐,并在网上拥有大量的粉丝。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Daniels quickly took videos showcasing Dubois' talents and posted them to Twitter."可知,听完Dubois的演唱后,Daniels很快拍下了展示Dubois才能的视频,并将其发布到推特上,由此可见他被Dubois的演唱惊到了,由此可知画线词词义为"吃惊的、惊愕的",故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Dubois said his style was entirely self-taught."可知,Dubois说他的风格完全是自学的。也就是说他是自学嘻哈音乐的,故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"I broke down and cried because I didn't know that many people liked me."可知,Dubois说他哭了,因为他不知道会有那么多人喜欢他,由此可知,Dubois 没想到自己在网上如此受欢迎,故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了72岁的爷爷Dubois自学嘻哈音乐,并在网上拥有大量的粉丝,他的故事告诉我们什么时候学习都不晚,故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Many people criticize today's newspapers as sensationalist, satisfying the public's abnormal curiosity. But journalism a century ago was just as notorious (臭名昭著). Publishers at that time routinely competed with each other for wild stories that could draw in the most readers. Meanwhile, it was an ideal atmosphere for a courageous reporter like Nellie Bly to spring into fame.

Bly, whose name was Elizabeth Corcoran, had to work to make her way in the world. Different from many women of the time, however, she refused to let the working world scare her away. Her first big opportunity as a reporter came in 1885 after she wrote an angry letter denouncing the Pittsburgh Dispatch for an article it had run criticizing women forced to work outside the home. The interested and excited editor hired Bly for her "spirit," and soon she was investigating the situations of female factory workers. Bly cared less about their jobs than their lives after work - their amusements, their motivations, their fears and ambitions. She produced an article totally different from what other reporters of the time were writing: personal, thoughtful, meaningful.

By 1887 Bly had a job with the New York World, one of the leader papers of the day. She quickly became famous for undercover stories about women in a mental hospital. Soon she had investigated life as a maid, a chorus girl, and even a street girl. In her best - known brave deeds, in 1890, Bly beat the famous "around the world in 80 days" trip Jules Verne had described in his novel. Traveling by steamship, train, even ricksha, Bly reported from each stop. A spellbound nation hung on every word. Only 25, Bly had become internationally famous.

（1）Bly's first newspaper job was .

A. with the New York World

B. with the Pittsburgh Dispatch

C. to interview mental patients

D. to experience life of chorus girls

（2）What does the underlined word "denouncing" in Para. 2 probably mean?

A. Praising.

B. Questioning.

C. Informing.

D. Condemning.

（3）How did Nellie Bly gain world - wide fame?

A. By criticizing Jules Verne.

B. By competing with other reporters.

C. By writing stories through investigation.

D. By caring about women from different classes.（4）Which of the following best describes Nellie Bly?

A. Daring and practical.

B. Acute and confident.

C. Critical and dependent.

D. Calm and enthusiastic.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Bly是一名美国女记者,在那个记者都热衷于相互竞

争而报道不实新闻特殊年代,她选择为女性说话。为了能调查清楚事实,她扮成乞丐,女仆,神经病患者。她不顾自己的工作甚至安危的态度,让她成了美国历史上著名的女记者。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Her first big opportunity as a reporter came in 1885 after she wrote an angry letter denouncing the Pittsburgh Dispatch for an article it had run criticizing women forced to work outside the home. The interested and excited editor hired Bly for her "spirit,"可知,Bly写信谴责Pittsburgh dispatch的文章,却因为她的勇气被主编雇佣了。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据该句中的"angry letter" 可知她信的内容是批评Pittsburgh dispatch的文章。A. Praising表扬；B. Questioning.质问；C. Informing.告知；D. Condemning.谴责选项中和批评相近的选项是condemn（谴责）。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"She quickly became famous for undercover stories about women in a mental hospital."她很快因为揭露精神病院女性的故事而名声大振）可知,Bly是因为报道女性故事而出名的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"a courageous reporter like Nellie Bly"可知她是勇敢的,再通过下文讲述她卧底去调查女性事件,说明她是实事求是的人。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

I'd like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four. I remember it clearly. Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life. My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him. Our dog, my companion, whom we had cared for, bit my father when he attempted to help him. How could he? Why? I couldn't understand it. I didn't like him anymore.

I hadn't thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me. I went to speak with a friend. When I knocked on the door, I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻的)words. When the door was slammed(砰地关上)in my face, I stood there shocked, and in a rush, I was reminded of my dog bit my father 20 years ago or so. What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal.

Both stories taught me something the next day. You see, when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died, it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain. For him to have bitten a family member, he could not have been himself. Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend's wife had just left him.

We are all beings of our environments, our opinions and feelings. And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can't be understood by those who are not in the same situation with you.

If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn't seem to fit the situation, put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so. You may turn around a story that has a sad ending simply by your actions.

（1）What is the influence of the incident mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A. It hurt his father's feeling deeply.

B. It has puzzled the author ever since.

C. It left a deep impression on the author.

D. It made the author dislike dogs.

（2）Why did the author's friend say harsh words to the author?

A. He was ill-tempered.

B. He was suffering the pain of losing his wife.

C. He was bothered by an unexpected visit.

D. They once quarreled and he couldn't forgive the author.

（3）What's the author's advice to us?

A. Help those in need.

B. Look before you leap.

C. Respect for others is a kind of virtue.

D. Learn to put yourself in others' shoes.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者朋友因为失去妻子很痛苦以不友好的态度对待作者，使作者想起了20年前狗狗咬了父亲这件事情，从两件事情中得出了一个道理：很多因素都会影响人的行为，所以最后总结出，当我们看到别人出乎意料的行为的时候，要以理解的态度耐心的对待他人。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I'd like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four．I remember it clearly，”可知作者对这件事情的印象很深刻，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend's wife had just left him，”可知作者的朋友因为失去了妻子而内心很痛苦所以才会用这样的不友好的态度对待作者，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so”，可知当看到别人出乎意料的举动的时候，不要责怪，要耐心地理解他们，用最好的方式去对待，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the "Nobel Prize" of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.

Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize --- the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation --- for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered

kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk.

When the 61-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching(孵化)them under incubators, prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.

A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also been necessary in efforts to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.

Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 (￡172,000) prize at a ceremony in London.

"As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received," reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Maurutius kestrel project had been seen as a "dead loss" at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.

Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time eight years ago, at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.

（1）What does the underlined word "accolade" mean in Paragraph 2?

A. return

B. level

C. honor

D. research

（2）According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.

A. an endangered bird

B. an extinct bird

C. a popular bird

D. a fierce bird （3）What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?

A. Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.

B. The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.

C. Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.

D. It's difficult to protect kestrel.

（4）Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________.

A. was proved of no use

B. was widely accepted

C. was promoted officially

D. was criticized by some people

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了生物学家Carl Jones通过人工繁殖的方式是濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加，并且因此获得了2016年的印第安的波利斯奖。

（1）考查词义猜测。第二段中的“for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk.”是对前面句子的补充说明，再由“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”可推知，这里的accolade与获奖有关，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“where he saved an endangered kestrel from becom ing

the next Great Auk”可知，他保护了濒临灭绝的红隼，使他免于遭受Great Auk的情况，因此可知Great Auk是一种已经灭绝的鸟类，选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. ”可知红隼的数量已经开始增加了，所以推断出人工繁殖的方法很有效，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第一段“A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the "Nobel Prize" of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.”；以及倒数第二段中的“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.”可知Jones教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Milton Hershey was born near the small village of Derry Church, Pennsylvania, in 1857. He only attended school through the fourth grade; at that point, he was apprenticed(做学徒) to a printer in a nearby town. After a while, he left the printing business and was apprenticed to a Lancaster, Pennsylvania candy maker. And at the age of eighteen, he opened his own candy store in Philadelphia. In spite of his talents as a candy maker, the shop failed after six years.

After the failure of his Philadelphia store, Milton headed for Denver, where he learned the art of making caramels(焦糖). Then in Denver, Milton once again attempted to open his own candy-making businesses, in Chicago, New Orleans, and New York City. Finally, in 1886, he went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he raised the money necessary to try again. This company— the Lancaster Caramel Company—established Milton's reputation as a master candy maker.

In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German chocolate-making implements. Fascinated by the equipment, he purchased it for his Lancaster candy factory and began producing chocolate, which he used for coating his caramels. By the next year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate. The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary(子公司) of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but reserved the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate. He believed that a large market of chocolate consumers was waiting for someone to produce reasonably priced candy. He was right.

Milton Hershey returned to the village where he had been born, in the heart of dairy country, and opened his chocolate manufacturing plant. With access to all the fresh milk he needed, he began producing the finest milk chocolate. The plant that opened in a small Pennsylvania village in 1905 is today the largest chocolate factory in the world. The sweets created at this facility are favorites around the world.

The area where the factory is located is now known as Hershey, Pennsylvania. Within the first

decades of its existence, the town of Hershey thrived, as did the chocolate business. A bank, a school, churches, a department store, even a park and a trolley system all appeared in short order; the town soon even had a zoo. Today, a visit to the area reveals the Hershey Medical Center, Milton Hershey School, and Hershey's Chocolate World—a theme park where visitors are greeted by a giant Reeses Peanut Butter Cup. All of these things— and a huge number of happy chocolate lovers—were made possible because a caramel maker visited the Chicago Exposition of 1893!

（1）The mention of the 1893 Exposition indicates that _______.

A. the exposition in Chicago is held once every three years.

B. the theme of the exposition of 1893 was "Food from Around the World."

C. the exposition contained displays from a variety of countries.

D. the site of the exposition is now a branch of the Hershey Chocolate Company.

（2）According to the passage, Milton Hershey sold his caramel company in _______.

A. 1894

B. 1900

C. 1904

D. 1905

（3）What can you infer from the passage?

A. Chocolate is popular in every country in the world.

B. Reeses Peanut Butter Cups are manufactured by the Hershey Chocolate Company.

C. Chocolate had never been manufactured in the United States before Milton Hershey did it.

D. The Hershey Chocolate Company now makes more money from Hershey's Chocolate World than from the manufacture and sale of chocolate.

（4）The author wrote this passage mainly to _______.

A. recount the founding of the Hershey Chocolate Company

B. describe the process of manufacturing chocolate

C. compare the popularity of chocolate to other candies

D. explain how apprenticeships work

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Milton Hershey创办Hershey's Chocolate的历程以及该公司的发展目前状况。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German chocolate-making implements.”可知，在1893年，Milton参加了芝加哥国际博览会，在这个博览会上，他看到了一套制作巧克力的设备，故可以推出，国际博览会上有不同国家的产品展示，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary(子公司) of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but reserv ed the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate.”可知，1894年创立了子公司The Hershey Chocolate company，六年后，也就是1900年，把焦糖公司给卖了，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Today, a visit to the area reveals the Hershey Medical Center, Milton Hershey School, and Hershey's Chocolate World—a theme park where visitors are greeted by a giant Reeses Peanut Butter Cup.”可知，如今，游客可以去参观Hershey医学中心，Milton Hershey学校，以及Hershey's Chocolate World主题公园，在这里，游客可以看到巨大的Reeses Peanut Butter Cup，故可知，主题公园里展出的是Hershey's Chocolate公司的产品，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍Milton Hershey创办Hershey's Chocolate的历程以及该公司的发展目前状况，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

When returning to south-western Germany, where my parents live, it is compulsory for me to go on a hike to connect with nature and reconnect with myself. So, that is exactly what I did the first sunny Sunday back in the beautiful Black Forest. The Huzenbacher See is a tarn in the middle of the northern Black Forest with abundant nature surrounding it. Approaching it after a good hour walk, I saw fascinating blue dragonflies in quantity that attracted us by the way they flew around. They didn't stand still for a photo, as they landed on leaves for a split second. We were also surprised at the yellow water lilies that can be seen floating on its surface between June and July.

Sitting down at one of the benches surrounding the lake for a picnic was satisfying in two ways.

I was aware of the world's beauty that gave me the energy to continue up the mountain to reach the most amazing view looking over the lake. The other was to really fill myself up in order to continue the adventure adequately, full up on some snacks and refreshing water from the well. The hike up wasn't as hard as expected and a good path was provided with dirty rocks and slippery stones all under the shade of the tall trees. This took about an hour and a half until reaching the beautiful view of the lake and land below. Once we had taken in the astonishing views, the walk back down took another hour or so, making the hike a 3-to4-hour round trip, which was well worth it!

Simply being back in the Black Forest and having such pleasant hikes is definitely good for the soul and I highly recommend getting yourself outside, be it in the Black Forest or anywhere outdoors. Get your intake of vitamin D and, most importantly, take in the moments that nature has to offer.

（1）What does the underlined word "tarn" in paragraph Ⅰ refer to?

A. Tree.

B. Tower.

C. Lake

D. Village.

（2）How did the author feel when sitting on the bench?

A. Tired.

B. Content.

C. Surprised.

D. Excited.

（3）What did the author call on people to do?

A. Take vitamin D pills.

B. Love and protect nature.

C. Save the soul and be yourself.

D. Go outdoors and get close to nature.

（4）According to the author, being back in the Black Forest and having pleasant hikes does good to one's ________.

A. health

B. spirit

C. character

D. experience

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在美丽的黑森林里度过的第一个阳光明媚的星期天。作者在湖边的长椅上坐下来野餐，进行了一次3到4个小时的徒步往返旅程。作者因此号召人们多去户外，亲近自然。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“We were also surprised at the yellow water lilies that can be seen floating on its surface be tween June and July.”可知六月至七月间，黄黄的睡莲浮在水面上，我们也很惊讶。其中its指代The Huzenbacher See，故可知The Huzenbacher See 是一个湖泊，故划线部分tarn意思为"湖泊"，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Sitting down at one of the benches surrounding the lake for a picnic was satisfying in two ways.”可知作者在湖边的长椅上坐下来野餐有两方面的满足感，即作者坐在长椅上时感到满足，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“I highly recommend getting yourself outside, be it in the Black Forest or anywhere outdoors.”可知作者强烈建议到户外去，无论是在黑森林还是任何户外的地方，去亲近自然，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Simply being back in the Black Forest and having such pleasant hikes is definitely good for the soul”可知作者认为简单地回到黑森林，进行这样愉快的徒步旅行肯定对灵魂有好处，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Back in 1988, I was working at the University of Bonn in Germany as a research fellow. I took some time off in early May to visit a friend, who was the director of a museum in Viterbo, in central Italy. I set out by train, which crossed the Swiss border to reach Zurich, winding through valleys and along hillsides, and entering tunnels and making its way through the Swiss Alps. The scenery was so beautiful.

The train then crossed the Italian border before passing through Milan and Florence, then finally stopping in Rome. I was lucky, as my hotel was close to the railway station. The next morning, I had a coffee at a nearby café and eagerly set out to visit as many of the famous Roman landmarks as possible.

The following day I headed back to the train station, intending to take a short train ride to Viterbo to meet up with my friend. When I arrived at the station and attempted to locate the correct platform, I quickly realized that the station was closed for an upgrade (升级). For a moment my mind went blank and did not know what to do. My biggest problem was my

luggage—my suitcase and hand luggage were so heavy that I couldn't move about easily. As I don't speak Italian, I could not ask anyone for instructions. I dragged my suitcase about 100 meters to a nearby motor mechanics. A tall, strong man of about 50 years of age was working there and I excused myself and asked where the nearest station was. I am sure that he did not understand me properly but he could easily guess that I was looking for a station. He replied, but I did not understand.

He smiled, wiped his hands and said something, which I guessed to mean "come along". So I dragged my suitcase along and followed him. He opened the door of his car, motioned to me to get in and then drove for a few minutes to the next station. I got out, unloaded my luggage, then shook his hand with thanks. He smiled back and drove away.

There was no time to hug or exchange names I understood he was busy and in the middle of his work. I was moved so much by his generosity that I have never forgotten him.

（1）In 1988, the author went to central Italy to .

A. visit a museum

B. see a friend

C. do some research

D. teach in a university （2）The author got into a panic because .

A. the station was not available

B. he couldn't understand Italian

C. he couldn't manage the luggage

D. a strong man made him frightened

（3）Which of the following can describe the man working in the motor mechanics?

A. Wealthy and responsible.

B. Generous and warm-hearted.

C. Courageous and calm.

D. Determined and strict.

（4）What does the story mainly tell us?

A. Good scenery is on the road.

B. One good turn deserves another.

C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

D. An act of kindness can bring others warmth.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去意大利看望一位朋友，带着沉重的行李，正在因车站关闭而不知所措时，一位汽车修理工慷慨帮忙的经历，说明了一个善举可以给别人带来温暖。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I took some time off in early May to visit a friend, who was the director of a museum in Viterbo, in central Italy.”可知1988年，作者去意大利中部看望一位朋友，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“When I arrived at the station and attempted to locate the correct platform, I quickly realized that the station was closed for an upgrade (升级). For a moment my mind went blank and did not know what to do.”当我到达车站并试图找到正确的站台时，我很快意识到车站因升级而关闭了。有那么一会儿，我的脑子一片空白，不知道该怎么办。可知作者陷入了恐慌，因为车站不能用，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“He opened the door of his car, motioned to me to get in and then drove for a few minutes to the next station. I got out, unloaded my luggage, then

shook his hand with thanks. He smiled back and drove away.”他打开车门，示意我上车，然后开了几分钟车到下一站。我下了车，卸下行李，然后和他握了握手，表示感谢。他也笑了笑，开车走了。在作者遇到困难的情况下，这位汽车修理工慷慨的帮忙。由此推断出这位汽车修理工慷慨又热心，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。最后一段“I was moved so much by his generosity that I have never forgotten him.”他的慷慨大方使我深受感动，我从未忘记他，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要告诉我们一个善举可以给别人带来温暖，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house, when they got a call from one of his daughters: "The house next door is on fire!" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl panic-stricken on their doorway.

"The baby's in there!" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside. "The baby" was 8-year-old Tiara, the woman's granddaughter.

Entering the burning house was like "running into a bucket of black paint," Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to struggle blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been risky for anyone, but for Surrell, who has lung disease, they were life-threatening. After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he withdrew outside to catch his breath.

"Where is Tiara?" he asked desperately. "The second floor," The woman shouted back. Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time. The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar design to his, Surrell found the stairs and made it to the second floor. He was already out of breath. Then a soft but distinct moan appeared. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara into his arms. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside.

Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. "It's a small price to pay," Surrell says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought."

（1）What did Surrell do at the scene of the fire?

A. Called his daughter.

B. Parked his car to safety.

C. Rang the fire department.

D. Rushed into the burning house.

（2）What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?

A. How special the house was.

B. How dangerous the situation was.

C. How Surrell suffered lung disease.

D. How Surrell ran back outside.

（3）How did Surrell manage to find Tiara eventually?

A. By feeling with the aid of her sound.

B. By answering to Tiara's loud crying.

C. By shouting her name desperately.

D. By catching sight of her shoes.

（4）What can be inferred about Surrell from the text?

A. He is unwilling to talk about the rescue again.

B. He is disappointed to suffer several burns.

C. He will do the same without hesitation.

D. He will think twice before acting.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，邻居家起火，小女孩被困在里面，Surrell奋不顾身地冲进燃烧的大火，最终把女孩救了出来。当Surrell在医院里醒过来时说他以后会毫不犹豫地做同样的事情。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside.”和第三段中的“Entering the burning house was like‘running into a bucket of black paint,’ Surrell says.”可知，Surrell在火灾现场冲进燃烧的房子。故选D。（2）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Entering the burning house was like ‘running into a bucket of black paint,’ Surrell says.”可知，第三段讨论的是“多么危险的情况。”故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He was already out of breath. Then a soft but distinct moan appeared. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara into his arms.”他已经上气不接下气了。就在这时一个轻柔的呻吟出现了。他爬向声音，感觉到女孩的迹象。最后，他触摸到一只鞋，然后摸到了她的脚踝。他把Tiara拉到他怀里。可知，Surrell最终通过收到Tiara 的哭声找到了Tiara。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It's a small price to pay," Surrell says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought."可推知，他会毫不犹豫地做同样的事情。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10. It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne

Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail—95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated

200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.

When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on August 12, 1805, he

was astonished by what was in front of him; "high mountain chains still to the West of us with

their tops partially covered with snow." Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.

Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground

over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures:

the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the

path as a sacred (神圣的) gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.

The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on

the trail at 7, 033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊). There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.

（1）According to the passage, the word "trek" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. a comfortable walk in a separate country

B. a pleasant journey across the countryside

C. a journey over untraveled pathways

D. a long, hard journey over rough areas

（2）We learn from the text that before 1805 ________.

A. the Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow

B. there were no people living in the western part of America

C. no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains

D. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States

（3）We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass ________.

A. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago

B. is the meeting point of three cultures

C. has changed a lot since 1805

D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit

（4）Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably ________.

A. two native Indians

B. explorers of the early 19th century

C. merchants who did business with the Indians

D. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass

（5）We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author ________.

A. was attempting the impossible

B. was trying to set a world record

C. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark

D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇日记，日记中记录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气使探险变得艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail—95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West."可知，韦恩·费尔柴尔德开始担心我们在罗洛小道上的跋涉——从蒙大拿州罗洛到爱达荷州威佩的95英里的路程里，要穿越西部最艰苦的地区。所以判断出，第1段中的Trek一词在意义上最接近于“在崎岖地区的漫长而艰苦的旅程”。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass, 140 miles south of Missoula, on August 12, 1805, he was astonished by what was in front of him…Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East."1805年8月12日，当刘易斯爬到米苏拉以南140英里的莱姆希山口时，他被眼前的景象惊呆了。在当时的美国，没有人知道落基山脉的存在，那里的山峰是东部阿巴拉契亚山脉的两倍高。可知，所以我们从文章中得知，1805年以前没有美国人知道落基山脉的存在。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it."可知，今天，它的状况仍然和刘易斯和克拉克行走时一样。所以我们从短文中知道罗洛山口仍然和200年前一样。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo"刘易斯和克拉克在200年前差点被罗洛山口的暴风雪打败以及第三段中的"the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的) gift"勇敢面对困难的探险者和珍视并保护这条道路为神圣礼物的美洲土著人。可知，刘易斯和克拉克在200年前，也就是19世纪的早期就探险过罗洛山口，留下了他们探险的足迹，他们是伟大的探险家。所以判断出，刘易斯和克拉克最有可能是19世纪早期的探险家。故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7, 033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge(山脊). There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.”尽管雪越来越深，我们的运气还是和天气有关。当我们爬上"Indian Post

Office"时，这条小路的最高点是7033英尺，我们已经在柔软的雪地里走了13英里，我们几乎没有足够的力气来做饭。吃完鸡肉后，我坐在山脊上的一块石头上。任何方向都看不见光，甚至连一堆篝火也看不见。四天来我们都看不到其他人。我们专注于既恐惧又快乐的事情。在我们的想象中，我们终于赶上了刘易斯和克拉克。）可知，当穿越罗洛山口时，作者是在跟随刘易斯和克拉克的足迹在前行。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。