深圳牛津版九年级(下) 课文 (带翻译)

初三（下）

课文（翻译）

1—3

Unit 1 课文（翻译）

Great explorations[eksplə'reɪʃ(ə)n]探索

郑和下西洋

The voyages ['vɒɪɪdʒ] 航行of Zheng He

郑和是中国著名的探险家。1405，他发起了中国七大航海史上的第一次。这比哥伦布第一次航行发现美洲新大陆早了近一个世纪。他的旅行是如此重要，人们至今仍然研究。

Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer. In 1404, he set off出发from China on the first of seven great voyages ['vɒɪɪdʒ] 航行. This was nearly['nɪəlɪ]差不多a century ['sentʃʊrɪ]世纪before Christopher['krɪstəfə(r)] Columbus[kə'lʌmbəs] first set sail启航on his journey['dʒɜːnɪ]旅途 of discovery[dɪ'skʌv(ə)rɪ]发现 to America. His travels were so important that they are still studied today.

郑和 1371 出生于云南，后来成为明朝永乐皇帝可信任的官员。皇帝下令郑造访并探索中国以外的土地，他的任务是发展关系，建立与国外贸易通道。

Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to 升迁；上升到become a trusted受信任的official [ə'fɪʃ(ə)l]官员of the Yongle Emperor['emp(ə)rə]皇帝of the Ming Dynasty['daɪnəsti]朝代. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore[ɪk'splɔː; ek-]探索the lands outside China. His task[tɑːsk]任务was to develop relations[dɪ'veləp]发展关系 and set up建立trade[treɪd]贸易 routes[ruːt]路线；航线with foreign countries.

在短短几年内，他建造船舶组成了一支庞大的舰队，是当时世界上最大的。这些船被称为宝船，它们大到足以承载25,000 人以及非常多的货物。

In a few years, he built a great fleet [fliːt]舰队of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as被称作treasure['treʒə]财宝 ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as以及；还very large quantities of['kwɑntəti]大量的 goods货物.

从1405 年至1433 年，郑和前后共进行了七次远游，并参观了东南亚，中东，甚至非洲的东海岸。看上去没有哪能远到他们去不了的地方。这些航行使得中国通过贵重物品如黄金、白银和丝绸进行贸易。

From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia[ˈeɪʒə]亚洲, the Middle East and even the east coast[kəʊst]海岸 of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages['vɒɪɪdʒ]航行 allowed China to trade[treɪd]交易valuable['væljʊb(ə)l]贵重的goods like gold, silver['sɪlvə]银and silk[sɪlk]丝绸.

每次航次结束，郑和返回时都带回在中国从没见过的很多东西，譬如来自非洲

的长颈鹿。除了发展贸易，航行也带动了文化和技术的交流，帮助了这些国家和地区的发展。

At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffe[dʒə'rɑ:f]长颈鹿 from Africa['æfrɪkə]非洲. Besides[bɪ'saɪdz]除了developing trade发展贸易, the voyages also encouraged[ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ; en-]鼓励 the exchange[ɪks'tʃendʒ]交换 of cultures['kʌltʃə]文化and technologies[tek'nɒlədʒɪ]技术. They helped the development[dɪ'veləpm(ə)nt]发展of those countries and regions['riːdʒ(ə)n]地区.

1433 年，郑和在他最后一次航行中去世了。然而，他的航行成就是如此巨大，人们仍然铭记他，视他为开拓世界各地不同民族之间文化交流的先驱。

Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage['vɒɪɪdʒ]航行. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement [ə'tʃiːvm(ə)nt]成就that people still remember him as a pioneer[paɪə'nɪə]先锋in opening up开创cultural ['kʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l] 文化的contacts['kɒntækt]接触；联系 between different peoples around the world.

阅读下面的对话和对练吧。注意蓝色的字词。

Read the conversation[kɒnvə'seɪʃ(ə)n]交谈；会话below[bɪ'ləʊ]在下面and practice['præktɪs]练习it in pairs两个两个地. Pay attention to注意the words in blue.

嗨，Tony，我今天错过了历史课，你能告诉我学了什么吗？

Doris: Hi, Tony. I missed错过the History lesson today. Can you tell me what you learnt, please?

当然可以，我们学了郑和他的航行。

Tony: Of course. We learnt about Zheng He and his voyages.

对不起，请再说一遍。

Doris: Sorry, could you repeat[rɪ'piːt]重复 that, please?

好的，我们学了郑和他的航行，他用贵重商品，如黄金、白银和丝绸做贸易。Tony: Sure. We learnt about Zheng He and his voyages. He traded[treɪd]交易valuable['væljʊb(ə)l]贵重的 goods货物like gold, silver['sɪlvə]银 and silk[sɪlk]丝绸.

对不起，我没听清，你说他买卖黄金、白银和……？

Doris: Sorry, I didn’t quite catch明白you. You said he traded gold, silver and…?

丝绸，有一次，他甚至带回来一只长颈鹿！

Tony: Silk. Once[wʌns]一次；曾经；一旦he even brought back带回 a

giraffe[dʒə'rɑ:f]长颈鹿!

马可·波罗

Marco Polo

在杭州西湖，有一个旅行者的小雕像，他的名字叫马可·波罗。

By West Lake[leɪk]湖, in the city of Hangzhou, there is a small statue['stætʃu]雕像 of a traveler. His name was Marco Polo.

马可·波罗在威尼斯城长大，在现今的意大利。1271 年，当他17 岁的时候，他跟随他的父亲和叔叔开始了他的亚洲旅程，并且在长达 24 年中一直没有回家。他的旅程横穿亚洲，沿着丝绸之路，游遍整个中国。他很喜欢杭州，以至于他将其形容为“世界上最好的城市”。

Marco Polo grew up长大in the city of Venice['venis]威尼斯, in present-day['prezənt'dei] 当今的Italy. In 1271, when he was 17 years old, he set off出发on

a journey to Asia [ˈeɪʒə]亚洲with his father and uncle, and did not return home until

24 years later. His travels took him across[ə'krɒs]横穿 Asia, along the Silk Road and throughout[θruː'aʊt]贯穿China. He loved Hangzhou so much that he described [dɪ'skraɪb]描述it as “the finest city in the world”.

当马可·波罗最终回到威尼斯时，当时有一场战争，他被抓获了。他在监狱里时，他把他的旅行故事告诉了另一个人。这个人把这些故事写成了一本书，取名叫《马可·波罗游记》。因为书中对亚洲生活的精彩描述，很快马可·波罗的旅游在欧洲被众所周知了。

When Polo finally returned to Venice, there was a war[wɔː]战争and he was captured['kæptʃə]俘获. While he was in prison['prɪz(ə)n]监狱, he told the stories of his travels to another man there. This man wrote the stories down in a book called The Travels of Marco Polo. Because of the interesting descriptions[dɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]描述 of Asian[ˈeʒən, ˈeʃən]亚洲的 life in the book, Polo’s travels soon became well known变得著名in Europe['jʊrəp]欧洲.

这些故事让许多欧洲人第一次了解亚洲人民的生活和文化。马可·波罗讲到的许多神奇的东西在欧洲是闻所未闻的，如：纸币。他还写了一篇是关于中国的发展，和她的大城市以及通信系统。他的书让欧洲人越来越对东方感兴趣，这也影响了许多其他的探险家，包括克里斯托弗·哥伦布。1324 年，马可·波罗临死前说的最后一句话是：“我看到的，还有一半没有告诉你们。”

The stories gave many Europeans[jʊərə'piːən]欧洲人their first look at the life and culture['kʌltʃə]文化；文明of the people in Asia. Polo told of many

amazing[ə'meɪzɪŋ]令人惊异的things that were unknown to Europe, such as paper money. He also wrote about China’s development[dɪ'veləpm(ə)nt]发展, with its large cities and systems['sɪstəm]系统；制度of communication[kəmjuːnɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]通讯；交流. His book made Europeans more and more interested in the East. It also influenced['ɪnflʊəns]影响many other explorers[ek'splɔːrə(r)]探险家, including [ɪn'kluːdɪŋ]包括Christopher Columbus. Polo died in 1324. His last words were: “I did not tell half of what I saw.”

Culture corner

Ferdinand Megellan

Ferdinand Megellan (1480—1521) was a Portuguese [,pɔːtjʊ'giːz;-tʃʊ-]葡萄牙的explorer[ek'splɔːrə(r)]探险家. In 1519, he led the first voyage to sail[seɪl]航行 around the world. It was also the first voyage to sail from the Atlantic[æt'læntɪk] Ocean['əʊʃ(ə)n]大西洋to the Pacific[pə'sɪfɪk] Ocean太平洋. Magellan gave the Pacific Ocean its name, which means “peaceful['piːsfʊl; -f(ə)l]和平的；平静的sea”in Portuguese[,pɔːtjʊ'giːz; -tʃʊ-]葡萄牙语. However, Magellan himself was killed in a battle['bæt(ə)l]战役；斗争 before the voyage was finished. Only one of his ships, the Victoria[vɪk'tɔːrɪə]维多利亚, completed[kəm'pliːt]完成 the journey.

Would you like to travel around the world? How would you do it and where would you go?

Unit 2 课文（翻译）

Culture['kʌltʃə]文化shock[ʃɒk]冲击；休克；震惊

在其他国家生活

Living in another country

我的名字是Brad Li。今天我在这里给大家介绍一下我去年作为一个交换学生在美国的经历。

My name is Brad Li. I’m here today to tell you about my experience as an exchange[ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ; eks-]交换student in the United States last year去年.

我必须承认，第一次到美国对我来说是一个很大的文化冲击。许多事情对我来说都很怪异：语言，食物，甚至学校。

I must admit[əd'mɪt]承认that at first America was a big culture shock[ʃɒk] for me. Many things were strange to me, the food and even the school.

我的寄宿家庭是住在一个小镇上。主人家的父母，Hurst 先生和夫人都很亲切。他们在我的空闲时间里组织了大量的活动，所以我不会想家或感到孤独。

I stayed with a host family寄宿家庭in a small town. My host[həʊst]主持；主人parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized ['ɔrɡənaɪz]组织a lot of activities [æk'tɪvɪtɪ]活动for me in my spare time[speə]空余时间 so that I wouldn’t miss home or feel lonely.

然而，一定程度上，在美国的生活还是很难习惯。我的主要问题是语言。前几个星期里我很多都听不明白，因为每个人都说得很快。尽管我很快就设法去适应它，还是因为他们用了很多成语而产生了问题。例如：当他们身体不舒服时，他们常说自己是“根据天气”。他们的日常英语与我们在中国学习的有很大不同。

However, to a certain degree[dɪ'griː]在某种程度上, life in the US was hard to get used to习惯. My main[meɪn]主要的problem was with the language['læŋgwɪdʒ]语言. I failed to未能understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed to['mænɪdʒ]设法，努力get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms['ɪdɪəm]成语；习语. For example, they often say they are “under the weather” when they are ill. Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China.

另一个方面是食物。我的寄宿家庭总是吃面包、土豆和沙拉。我真的很想念家里的饺子、米饭和美味佳肴。

Another difference was the food. My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplings['dʌmplɪŋ]饺子, rice[raɪs]米饭and delicious[dɪ'lɪʃəs]美味的dishes['diʃiz]菜肴；盘；碟子from home.

学校也是一个很大的冲击。它们不要求学生穿校服，所以学生几乎可以穿任何他们喜欢的衣服。有些学生整的奇怪的发型也是如此，有些甚至把头发染成粉红色或紫色！

School was a big shock too. They do not require[rɪ'kwaɪə]需要；要求students to wear uniforms['juːnɪfɔːm]制服, so students can wear almost whatever they like. Some students have strange hairstyles['heəstaɪl]发型as well也. Some students even have pink[pɪŋk]粉色的or purple['pɜːp(ə)l]紫色的hair!

无论如何，当年我还是有许多美好的回忆的，尤其是冬天在雪地里玩耍，打打棒球。在万圣节，我打扮成《哈利·波特》里的一个角色；在感恩节，我们有一个大火鸡大快朵颐。

Anyway['enɪweɪ]不管怎样；总之, I have many great memories['mem(ə)rɪ]记忆of that year, especially[ɪ'speʃ(ə)lɪ; e-]尤其；特别playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseball['beɪsbɔːl]棒球. At Hal loween[ˌhæləʊ'iːn]万圣节, I went to a party dressed as打扮成Harry Potter. At Thanksgiving[,θæŋks'ɡɪvɪŋ]感恩节, we had a big dinner with a huge turkey['tɜːkɪ]火鸡；笨蛋.

这是令人激动的一年，对我来说是宝贵的教育经历。现在，我更多地了解美国文化。我的美国朋友问我了许多关于在中国生活的问题，这让我想起我自己的文化也是如此。

It was an exciting year, and it was a valuable['væljʊb(ə)l] 珍贵的education[edjʊ'keɪʃ(ə)n]教育for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well也.

Sam，一名交换生，正在与他的中国老师——李老师，讨论美国和中国的节日。阅读他们的对话，两人一组练习，注意蓝色的字词。

Sam, an exchange[ɪks'tʃendʒ]交换student, is discussing [dɪ'skʌs]讨论festivals['festɪv(ə)l]节日in the US and China with his Chinese teacher, Mr Li. Read their conversation[kɒnvə'seɪʃ(ə)n]交谈；会话and practice['præktɪs]练习it in pairs.

Mr Li: Sam, did you enjoy your first Spring Festival['festɪv(ə)l]春节in China?

是的，我很享受。在这个节日期间，许多家庭成员聚在一起。

Sam: Yes, I did. During this festival, many family members ['membə]成员get together聚在一起.

是的，我听说在感恩节美国人也聚在一起吃些特殊的食特，这听起来很相似。

Mr Li: Yes, I hear that at Thanksgiving[,θæŋks'ɡɪvɪŋ]感恩节Americans also get together for a special meal[miːl]一餐；一顿饭. It sounds similar.

是的，挺相似的。在这些节假日，无论是中国人和美国人，都赶回家举行一个很大的晚餐。这很有趣。

Sam: Yes. It’s similar. During these holidays, both the Chinese and Americans come home and have a big dinner. It’s great fun.

你认为春节和感恩节之间的主要区别是什么？

Mr Li: What do you think are the main[meɪn]主要的differences between the Spring Festival and Thanksgiving?

嗯，我们参加不同的活动，吃不同种类的食物。在中国，人们通常燃放烟花和吃饺子；而在美国，我们通常观看感恩节游行和电视上的美式足球比赛，我们还吃火鸡。

Sam: Well, we take part in参加different activities[æk'tɪvɪtɪ]活动and eat different kinds of food. In China, people usually set off fireworks ['faɪəwɜːk]放烟花and eat dumplings['dʌmplɪŋ]饺子. In the US, we usually watch a Thanksgiving parade[pə'reɪd]游行；阅兵and an American football game on TV. We also eat turkey['tɜːkɪ]火鸡.

那很有意思。

Mr Li: That’s interesting.

Read the article['ɑːtɪk(ə)l]文章about education[,ɛdʒu'keʃən]教育in the UK and discuss[dɪ'skʌs]讨论the differences between education in the UK and China. Then complete [kəm'pliːt]完成the table['teɪb(ə)l]表格below.

英国的教育

Education in the UK

在英国，每个孩子都必须接受全日制教育，直到16岁。父母可以选择送子女去公立学校，（这类学校）是免费的，或者去一所私立学校，（这类学校）需要付费。

Every child in the UK must receive[rɪ'siːv]收到 a full-time 专职的；全日制的education until the age of 16. Parents can choose to send their children either to a state school, which is free, or to a private['praɪvət]私人的school, where a fee[fiː]费用is required[rɪ'kwaɪə]需要；要求.

每学年一般分为三个学期。每个学期结束后是假期。暑假是最长的，一般从7 月中旬持续到9 月初。

The school year is generally['dʒen(ə)rəlɪ]通常divided into [dɪ'vaɪd]分成three terms[tɜːm]学期；术语. Each term ends in a holiday. The summer holiday is the longest and usually lasts from the middle of July to the beginning of September.

教育主要有两个阶段——小学和中学。5 岁至11 岁是上小学。主要科目是数学，英语，历史，地理，科学，美术，音乐和体育。中学是从11 岁至16 岁或18 岁。授教相同的科目，以及其他科目，如外语（通常是法语，德语或西班牙语）、技术和计算机学。

Education has two main stages[steɪdʒ]阶段；舞台—primary school['praɪm(ə)rɪ]小学and secondary school['sek(ə)nd(ə)rɪ]中学. Primary schools are for students from the age of 5 to 11. The main subjects[ˈsʌbdʒekt]科目are Maths[mæθs]数学, English, History, Geography[dʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]地理, Science, Art, Music and PE体育. Secondary schools are for students from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. The same subjects are taught there, as well as 以及other subjects such as foreign languages ['læŋgwɪdʒ] 外语(usually French, German or Spanish['spænɪʃ]西班牙语), Technology[tek'nɒlədʒɪ]技术and Computer Studies.

16 岁后，学生可以选择找工作或是在学校或学院继续深造，直到他们18 岁。

16 到18 岁，学生只能选择3 到4 个科目进行学习。两年（学业）结束后，必须参加一些重要的考试。如果他们考得好，他们就可以上大学学习。英国有超过100 所大学，最有名的是牛津大学和剑桥大学。

After the age of 16, students can either finds a job or continue their studies at a school or college['kɒlɪdʒ]大学until they are 18. Between the age of 16 and 18, students must choose only three or four subjects [ˈsʌbdʒekt]科目to study. At the end of the two years, they must take some important exams. If they do well, they can then go on to study at university [juːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ]大学. There are over 100 universities in the UK, and the most famous are the University of Oxford ['ɒksfəd]牛津and the University of Cambridge[ˈkembrɪdʒ]剑桥.

English around the world

Just like many other languages['læŋgwɪdʒ]语言, there are different varieties [və'raɪətɪ]多样；种类of English, and not everyone speaks English in the same way.

The two most important varieties of English are British ['brɪtɪʃ]英国的English and American English. They have many small differences in grammar ['græmə]语法and vocabulary [və(ʊ)'kæbjʊlərɪ]词汇. For example, the British say “trousers”['traʊzəz]裤子while Americans usually say “pants”[pæn(t)s]裤子. However, the biggest difference is in pronunciation[prə,nʌnsɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n]发音.

What other varieties of English do you know about? Do you know how they are different?

Unit 3 课文（翻译）

The environment[ɪn'vaɪrənm(ə)nt; en-] 环境

世界正处于危险之中

The world is in danger ['deɪn(d)ʒə] 危险

我们的世界正处于危险之中，我们必须做些什么来保护环境。但是，什么是我们面临的主要问题呢？

Our world is in danger. We must do something to protect [prə'tekt]保护the environment. But, what are the main[meɪn]主要的problems we face?

温室效应

The greenhouse ['griːnhaʊs]温室effect [ɪ'fekt]影响；效果

围绕着地球的大气层对一切生物来说，是不可或缺的。它像一个玻璃温室，让阳光照进来并避免热量流失。没有它，地球将会像月亮一样冷冰而且没有生命。

The atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə]大气；气氛around the Earth is necessary ['nesəs(ə)rɪ]必需的for all living things. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight['sʌnlaɪt]日光in and keeping heat [hiːt]热量from getting out. Without[wɪð'aʊt]没有it, the Earth would be the same as the Moon—cold and lifeless['laɪflɪs]无生命的.

当我们燃烧燃料时，如汽油和煤炭，会产生一种叫做二氧化碳的气体。这种气体如果太多，就会对空气造成污染，并使其保持过多的热量。温室效应结果，就是地球的温度增加。这将导致海平面上升，并且未来可能会导致城市的消失。

When we burn [bɜːn]燃烧fuels[fjʊəl]燃料such as petrol['petr(ə)l]汽油and coal [kəʊl]煤炭, we produce [prə'djuːs]生产；产生 a gas [gæs]气体called carbon ['kɑːb(ə)n]碳dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd]二氧化物. Too much of this gas pollutes [pə'luːt]污染the atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə]大气, and causes[kɔːz]引起；原因it to keep in too much heat. As a result of [rɪ'zʌlt] 结果the greenhouse effect, the Earth’s temperature ['temp(ə)rətʃə]温度is increasing[ɪn'kriːs]增加. This causes [kɔːz]引起；原因sea level ['lev(ə)l] 海平面to rise[raɪz]上升, and in the future在未来may cause cities to disappear[dɪsə'pɪə]消失.砍伐森林

Cutting down砍伐forests ['fɒrɪst]森林

每年，我们都乱砍乱伐毁掉大面积的自然森林。这导致温室效应更加糟糕，因为树木能吸收二氧化碳产生氧气。乱砍乱伐还破坏了生活在森林的动物的家园，并造成土壤表面水土流失。这可能导致洪水泛滥，对环境造成更大的危害。

Every year, we destroy[dɪ'strɒɪ]破坏nature by cutting down huge [hjuːdʒ]巨大的areas ['eərɪə]地区；区域of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in吸收CO2 （carbon ['kɑːb(ə)n]dioxide[daɪ'ɒksaɪd] ）and produce[prə'djuːs]生产oxygen['ɒksɪdʒ(ə)n]氧气. Cutting down trees also destroys [dɪ'strɒɪ]破坏the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes [kɔːz]引起the surface ['sɜːfɪs]表面of the soil [sɒɪl]土地；土壤to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in 导致floods[flʌd]洪水and even more damage['dæmɪdʒ]损害；损毁to the environment [ɪn'vaɪrənm(ə)nt; en-]环境.

陋习

Bad habits['hæbɪt] 习惯

我们的很多（坏）习惯造成污染。人们经常使用一次性的东西，或者把它们扔在地上形成垃圾。这将导致垃圾堆积如山，污染我们的土地和海洋。

Many of our habits cause [kɔːz]引起pollution [pə'luːʃ(ə)n]污染. People often use things once and then throw them away扔掉, or leave them on the ground [graʊnd]地面as作为litter ['lɪtə]垃圾. This creates[kriː'eɪt]创造；造成；创作 mountains of 大量的rubbish ['rʌbɪʃ] 垃圾and pollutes [pə'luːt]污染our land and seas.

为了保护环境，我们必须采取适当的措施。我们应该有别于某些消费者，而成为“绿色消费者”。这意味着，我们应该只购买和使用对环境无害的产品。很多东西我们还应该尽我们所能进行回收，可以再重复使用，或者将其用于新用途。只要我们学会以一种新的方式生活，我们是可以有所作为的。

In order to 为了protect the environment [ɪn'vaɪrənm(ə)nt]环境, we need to take proper ['prɒpə] action采取合适的行动. We should be different from不同于many consumers[kən'sjuːmə]消费者and become “green consumers”.This means that we should only buy and use products ['prɒdʌkt]产品friendly to the environment[ɪn'vaɪrənmənt]环境. We should also recycle [riː'saɪk(ə)l]重复利用as many things as we can. We can reuse[riː'juːz]再使用things for the same purpose['pɜːpəs]目的as before, or we can use them for new purposes. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference有影响.

阅读下面的对话并结伴练习，注意蓝色的字词。

Read the conversation [kɒnvə'seɪʃ(ə)n]对话below [bɪ'ləʊ]下面地and practice['præktɪs]练习it in pairs两个两个地. Pay attention to注意the words in blue.

你有没有注意到最近城里的空气非常差？

Amy: have you notices['nəʊtɪs]注意that the air in the city is very dirty ['dɜːtɪ]脏的recently['riːsntlɪ]最近?

是的，我注意到了。我很担心，因为雾霾使很多人难以呼吸。

Kevin: Yes, I have. I’m worried about担心that because the smoke [sməʊk]烟makes it difficult for any people to breathe [briːð]呼吸.

我担心污浊的空气可能会使一些年幼的孩子生病。

Amy: I’m concerned [kən'sɜːnd]关心的；担心的that the dirty air might make some young children ill.

我也是。我认为我们应该倡导人们更多地乘坐公共交通出行。

Kevin: Me too. I think we should ask people to use public transport ['trænspɔrt]公共交通more often.

一个塑料瓶的旅程

The journey['dʒɜːnɪ]旅行of a plastic['plæstɪk] 塑料的bottle

我是一个塑料瓶。一个星期前，我在一家超市货架上。同我所有的兄弟姐妹——其他装满水的瓶子——一样，有一个正常的生活。我觉得真开心。

I am a plastic bottle. A week ago, I was on a supermarket ['suːpəmɑːkɪt;'sjuː-]超市shelf[ʃelf]架子. I had a normal['nɔːm(ə)l]正常的life, the same as all my brothers and sisters—other bottles full of water. I felt really happy.

后来，一个高个子的女人拿起我，把我放在了她的篮子里！女人把我带回家，把我放在冰箱里。那里很冷，但我很快和里面的其它瓶瓶罐罐成了朋友。可是，仅仅几个小时后，她把我从冰箱中取出来，把我装的水喝了，然后把我扔进垃圾桶。我从来没有感到我的生活是如此的空虚寂寞。

Then a tall woman picked me up拾起来and put me in her basket! The woman took me home and put me in the fridge[frɪdʒ]冰箱. It was cold, but I soon made friends

with the cans金属罐and bottles in it. However, only a few hours later, she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me. Then she threw me into a dustbin ['dʌs(t)bɪn]垃圾箱. I have never felt so empty and alone in my life.

第二天一大早，一个男人把我从垃圾箱里倒出来。把我和其他垃圾一起投入到一辆卡车的后箱里。这里的气味太难闻了。接着，我与其他垃圾堆在了一起，很快我就完全挤扁了，我简直不敢相信我能瘦成这样了。

Early the next morning, a man took me out of the dustbin ['dʌs(t)bɪn]垃圾箱. He threw me and the other rubbish['rʌbɪʃ]垃圾into the back of a truck[trʌk]卡车. There were so many horrible ['hɒrəb(ə)l] 可怕的；极讨厌的smells. Then I was pushed together with the rest of剩下的the rubbish. Soon I was completely[kəm'pliːtlɪ]完全地flat [flæt]平的；公寓. I cannot believe[bɪ'liːv]相信how thin I became.

我睡了一会儿，当我醒来时，发现自己在一个可怕的地方。我周围全是丑陋的东西，而且散发着难闻的气味。我很害怕。我一直希望我会被移到其它什么地方。接着一辆巨大的卡车开过来，把我们覆盖到了一层土壤下面。

I slept for a while一会儿. When I woke up醒来. I found myself in a terrible['terɪb(ə)l]可怕的；糟糕的place. Everything around me was ugly['ʌglɪ]丑陋的and had horrible ['hɒrəb(ə)l]可怕的；极讨厌的smells. I felt afraid. I kept hoping that I would be moved somewhere else. Then huge trucks[trʌk]卡车came and covered us with a layer['leɪə]层of soil [sɒɪl]土地；土壤.

我问另一个瓶子接下来我们将会怎么样。他说，我们永远无法离开这个可怕而拥挤的地方，必须在这里呆上几千年。“为什么他们不能重复使用或回收利用我们呢？”我哭了。

I asked another bottle what would happen to us. He said that we would never leave this horrible crowded['kraʊdɪd]拥挤的place, but would have to stay here for thousands of years.

“Why can’t they reuse [riː'juːz]再使用or recycle[riː'saɪk(ə)l]重复利用us?”I cried[kraɪd]哭泣；喊叫.

Culture corner

Your carbon['kɑːb(ə)n]碳footprint['fʊtprɪnt]脚印（碳排放量）

The total['təʊt(ə)l]全部的amount of 总额carbon dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd] 二氧化碳(CO2) you produce[prə'djuːs]生产；产生 a year is called your carbon footprint. Besides breathing ['briːðɪŋ]除了呼吸, there are two other ways you can produce CO2. First, you can do it directly[dɪ'rektlɪ; daɪ-]直接地, by driving a car or using a gas[gæs]

stove [stəʊv]煤气炉. Second, you can do it indirectly [,ɪndɪ'rek(t)lɪ]间接地, by buying or using products ['prɒdʌkt]产品that produced CO2 when they were made.

Generally['dʒen(ə)rəlɪ]通常, you should make your carbon footprint as small as possible. For example, you can use public transport[træn'spɔːt;trɑːn-]公共交通instead of而不是a car, or you can walk or cycle ['saɪk(ə)l]循环；骑单车.

What other things can you do to reduce [rɪ'djuːs]减少your carbon footprint?

初三（下）

课文（翻译）

4—6

Unit 4 课文（翻译）

Natural disasters [dɪ'zɑːstə] 灾害；灾难

大洪水

The great flood [flʌd]淹没；洪水

在上周的地理课上，我们学习到如果南北两极所有的冰都融化了，全世界的海平面就会上升，许多城市将被淹没并消失。

Last week in Geography [dʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]地理class, we learnt that if all the rice in the North and South Poles [pəʊl]杆；极点melted[melt]融化, sea level ['lev(ə)l]海平面around the world would rise, and many cities would be flooded and disappear[dɪsə'pɪə]消失.

这使我开始担心。如果我们的城市严重淹水，将会发生什么事？还会有人活着吗？昨天晚上，我梦到一场大洪水：

It started to worry ['wʌrɪ]担心me. What would happen if our city was badly ['bædlɪ]严重地flooded? Would anyone remain alive[rɪ'meɪn]依然?

Last night昨天晚上, I dreamt about梦见a great flood:

早上九点钟，我的卧室的地板成了一个水塘。我向窗外看去，到处是水。水淹没了道路、公园和小房子。大件的物体，例如长途汽车和船，从我窗前经过。它们在漂浮在水中。

我不能只是站在那里！我必须做点什么！

It was nine o’clock in the morning. My bedroom floor was a pool [puːl]水塘of water.

I looked out of the window. Water was everywhere. It covered roads, parks and small houses. Large objects ['ɒbdʒɪkt; -dʒekt]物体；目标, such as coaches[kəʊtʃ] 教练；车厢；长途公车；四轮大马车and boats, passed by经过my window. They were floating[fləʊt]漂浮in the water.

I could not just stand there! I had to do something!

我试图给我爸爸打电话，但是电话线路不通。我的电脑还在运行，所以我给他发了一封邮件。我写道：“爸爸，发洪水了!我们该怎么办？”他给我回了一封邮

件，上面写道：“凯文，我的老板给了我一些工作，坚持工作很重要。我抽不出时间闲坐着担心洪水。”

I tried to call my dad, but the line[laɪn]路线；航线；电话线was dead. My computer was still working, so I sent him an email. I wrote, “Dad,there’s a flood! What should we do?”He sent me an email back which said, “Kevin,my boss has given me some work. It’s important to stick with坚持下去；忍耐it. I can’t afford [ə'fɔːd]买得起；承担to sit around闲坐着；无所事事and worry about the flood.”

接着，我给我最好的朋友发邮件。“我们应该怎样对待洪水？”我问道。我的朋友回答说：“我没有时间考虑洪水，我在玩电脑游戏…”

Then I emailed my best friend. “What should we do about the flood?” I asked. My friend replied [rɪ'plaɪ]回答. “I have no time to think about the flood. I’m playing computer games…”

我大声喊：“水！看那些水！”但是我的呼喊无人理睬。在办公室和家里，人们只是坐着，盯着他们的电脑屏幕。似乎他们并不想离开，电脑比洪水更重要。

I shouted, “The WATER! Look at the WATER!” But my cries [krai] 喊叫fell on dead ears. In offices and homes, people just sat and stared at [steə]凝视；盯着看their computer screen [skriːn]屏幕. It seemed that they did not want to leave. Computers were more important than the flood.

很快，水进入了人们的房间，涌到他们的桌子上，并淹没了他们的电脑。最后，人们惊讶地开始注意到洪水。但是已经太晚了。接着，我醒了。没有水，我很安全---暂时的。

Very soon, the water came into people’s rooms. It poured onto[pɔː]倾泻；涌their desks and covered['kʌvə]覆盖；封面their computers. In surprise惊奇地, people finally started to notice ['nəʊtɪs]注意；通知the flood, but it was too late. Then I awoke[ə'wəʊk]醒来. There was no water. I was safe—for now.

The ice storm [stɔːm]暴风雨（冰暴）

1998 年，对加拿大来说，是一个黑暗的日子，雨开始从天上掉下来。然而，这不是普通的雨，因为它通过冷空气，下降过程中就变成了冰。雨下了六天，在道路上、树木上和电线上，集聚了厚达十厘米的冰。

It was a dark day in Canada ['kænədə]加拿大in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this was not ordinary ['ɔːdɪn(ə)rɪ; -d(ə)n-]普通的rain—it turned to

变成ice as if 好像fell through the cold air. It rained for six days, and as much as多达ten centimeters [ˈsentɪmiːtə(r)]厘米of ice collected[kə'lekt]收集；聚集on roads, trees and power lines电线.

1 月5 日，蒙特利尔人醒来时发现，他们家中停电了。黑暗和寒冷笼罩着，道路被冰雪覆盖，所以无论步行或驾车去任何地方都是非常危险的。每家都不得不困在家里，燃烧木材取暖，他们期待着供电能随时恢复。

On 5th January, the people of Montreal [,mɔntri'ɔ:l] 蒙特利尔woke up 醒来to find they had no electricity[,ɪlek'trɪsɪtɪ]电力in their homes. It was dark and cold. The roads were covered in ice, so it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm取暖. They expected [ɪk'spekt ]期待the power to come back on返回at any time.

然而，冰雨还在不断下着。树枝被压断，整棵树倒下。更多的电线掉了下来，道路变得更加危险。

However, the ice kept falling. It caused [kɔːz]原因；引起branches [brɑːn(t)ʃ]树枝；分支and whole trees to fall down. More power lines fell down, and the roads became even more dangerous.

到了第三天，许多人家里开始没东西吃了。这是一个艰难的时刻。军队派出超过14,000 名士兵参与救援。

By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The army ['ɑːmɪ]军队sent over 14,000 soldiers['səʊldʒə]士兵to help.

最后，六天过后，冰暴停了，但灾难并没有结束。因冰量巨大，使得整个地区都非常危险。由于冰开始融化，像刀一样从建筑物和树木上坠下来。大部分的电力线路被严重损毁，无法进行修复。有些家庭整整停了一个月的电。许多房屋被破坏，许多人——尤其是农民——失去了他们的生计。加拿大人民永远不会忘记大自然有多么可怕。每个人都希望永远不会再有另一个像1998 年那样的冰暴。

Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble was not over. The huge amount of大量的ice made the whole area ['eərɪə]地区very dangerous. As the ice started to melt[melt]融化, it fell from the roofs [ruːf]屋顶of buildings and trees like knives [naɪf]刀. Most of the power lines were so badly damaged ['dæmɪdʒ]严重损坏that they could not be repaired[rɪ'peə]修理. Some families had no electricity[,ɪlek'trɪsɪtɪ]电力for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their business失去生意. The people of Canada will

never forget how terrible ['terɪb(ə)l]可怕的；糟糕的nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998.

How a typhoon[taɪ'fuːn]台风gets its name

In the old days在过去, every country had a different system['sɪstəm]制度；系统for naming typhoons. Therefore['ðeəfɔː]因此, a typhoon that hit [hɪt]打击；袭击several different countries might have different names.

In 2000, 14 countries and regions['riːdʒ(ə)n]地区in the Pacific [pə'sɪfɪk]太平洋Regions began to use a new system for naming typhoons. Each of the countries and regions offered ['ɒfə]提出ten names.

These could be names of men, women, flowers, animals, trees or even food names. Whenever [wen'evə]无论何时；每当a new typhoon arises[ə'raɪz]出现；上升, it is given the next name on the list[lɪst]列表；清单. When the end of the list is reached, the same names are used over again再次.

Unit 5 课文（翻译）

滑雪：一次难忘的经历

Skiing ['skiːɪŋ]滑雪: An unforgettable [ʌnfə'getəb(ə)l]难忘的experience

By Vanessa

去年，我父母带我度过了一个真正特别的假期。

Last year去年, my parents took me on a very special holiday.

我的梦想是看一些真正的雪，所以在圣诞期间，我们带上护照，飞越太平洋到达了加拿大的卡尔加里市。我们乘公共汽车到了位于加拿大落基山脉的滑雪旅游胜地。

My dream was to see some real snow, so during the Christmas holiday, we took our passports['pɑːspɔːt]护照and flew over the Pacific [pə'sɪfɪk]太平洋to Calgary, Canada['kænədə]加拿大. We took a bus to a ski resort[rɪ'zɔːt]滑雪胜地in the Canadian[kə'neɪdɪən]加拿大的Rockies['rɔkiz]落基山脉.

当公共汽车翻山越岭时，我们看到树上厚厚的积雪。我极想出去玩玩雪！最后，我们到达了旅游胜地并迅速跳下公共汽车。这是我们第一次与雪相伴的经

历。我们就像小孩子一样---滚雪球，互相投掷！后来，我们登记入住旅馆。在旅馆的对面我们可以看到滑雪斜坡。我们迫不及待想出去滑雪。

As the bus climbed through the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees. I was 切望get out and play with it! At last, we reached the resort [rɪ'zɔːt]度假胜and quickly jumped out of the bus. This was our first experience with snow. We

—we made snowballs['snəʊbɔːl]雪球, and threw them at one another! Then we checked in [tʃek]登记at the hotel. We could see the ski slope [sləʊp]斜坡opposite ['ɒpəzɪt; -sɪt]在..对面the hotel. We could not wait to get out and ski.

第二天，我们穿上我们的滑雪服，戴上手套，带上我们的滑雪板，来到外面的雪地上。第一次穿上滑雪板让我感觉怪怪的。突然，我发现自己不能行走了！后来，我们和一对年轻夫妻一起参加了滑雪课。我们的教练带我们去了一个平缓的斜坡并教给了我们一些基本的技巧。说实在的，第一堂课并不是很成功。我不停地跌倒，不得不抓住一根绳索以保持平衡。

The next day, we put on our ski suits滑雪服and gloves [glʌv]手套, took our skis滑雪板and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. Suddenly I found myself unable to walk! Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple['kʌp(ə)l]夫妇. Our instructor[ɪn'strʌktə]教员took us to a gentle ['dʒent(ə)l]温和的slope, and showed us some basic ['beɪsɪk]基本的skills. To be honest ['ɒnɪst]老实说, that first lesson was not a great success. I kept on falling over摔跤, and I had to hold on to a rope[rəʊp]绳子to keep my balance平衡.

然而，第二天，我只跌倒了几次，我设法做一些快速的滑行。我对自己感到很满意，我的教练告诉我，我做得好多了。尽管天气很冷，但假期中大部分时间我都用于滑雪。我过的非常愉快。

假期很快就全部结束了。真是遗憾，但我们不得不里看看。我希望今年父母会带我回来过一个精彩的滑雪假期。

However, the next day, I only fell over a few times, and I managed to['mænɪdʒ]设法做成do a few rapid ['ræpɪd]迅速的runs. I felt pleased with myself, and my instructor [ɪn'strʌktə]教员told me I was doing much better.

Although[ɔːl'ðəʊ; ɒl-]虽然it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing. I had a wonderful time.

It was all over结束too soon. It was a shame [ʃeɪm]羞耻；憾事, but we had to leave.

I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday this year.

Sandy：打扰一下，我怎样可以到国家体育馆？

Mike：顺着这条路下去，然后左转，再在第2 个十字路口右转，在你右手边就可以找到国家体育馆了。

Sandy：谢谢！我听说这有一个很好的滑雪场，我想在我参观完国家体育馆后去那里，你知道在哪里吗？

Sandy: Excuse me. How can I get to the National ['næʃ(ə)n(ə)l]国家的Stadium['steɪdɪəm]体育馆?

Mike：Go down this road and turn left向左转. Turn right at the second crossing ['krɒsɪŋ]十字路口. You can find the National Stadium on your right在右边. Sandy: Thank you. I heard that there’s a nice ski resort[rɪ'zɔːt]滑雪胜地. I want to go there after I visit the National Stadium. Do you know where it is?

Mike：哦，你说的是白雪滑雪场吧？离市中心有30 公里远。你可以坐火车去那里。

Sandy：火车站在哪？离国家体育馆远吗？

Mike：不，不是很远，您可以坐地铁到那里。离国家体育场只有5 站。Sandy：好的，非常感谢！

Mike：不客气。

Mike: Oh, you mean the White Snow Ski Resort? It’s 30 kilometers away from the city centre市中心. You can take a train to get there.

Sandy: Where’s the railway station['reɪlweɪ]火车站? Is it far from the National Stadium?

Mike: No, it’s not too far. You can get there by underground [ʌndə'graʊnd]地铁. It’s only five stations from the National Stadium.

Sandy: OK. Thanks very much.

Mike: You’re welcome.

阅读这篇关于奥运会的文章。

Read this article ['ɑːtɪk(ə)l]文章about the Olympic [əˈlɪmpɪk] 奥林匹克的Games.

更快、更高、更强

Faster, Higher, Stronger

奥运会有一段很长的历史。它开始于希腊并持续有超过1000年，直到公元394年。古时候的奥运会与如今的大不相同。在古时候，仅仅希腊人参加，女性不被允许参加，甚至观看。