北邮2016电磁场与电磁波期末考试试卷(B)

北邮2016电磁场与电磁波期末考试试卷(B)
北邮2016电磁场与电磁波期末考试试卷(B)

2016年电磁场与电磁波期末考试试题(B 卷)

试题可能用到介质常数:901

10/36F m επ

-=

?,70410/H m μπ-=? 一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)

1、 定理是分离变量法,镜像法等边值问题求解方法的依据; (1)

2、截面为矩形(a ×b )的无限长金属槽, 各面的电位如图所示,使用分离变量法求解电位

(,)()()x y X x Y y φ=所满足的拉普拉斯方程,X (x )的通

解为 函数,Y (y )的通解为 函数(无需写出具体的解函数,仅指出函数类型即可)。

3、垂直极化波从理想介质斜入射到理想导体的表面,合成波为 平面波;

4、电磁波的相速度随频率变化的现象称为 现象。

5、 极化波以布儒斯特角入射时会发生全折射现象,当平面波从折射率较高的介质入射到折射率较低的介质,当入射角 临界角时发生全反射现象。

6、在电偶极子激发的时变电磁场中,其远区场的等相位面为 面,其电场强度的幅值与场源之间的距离r 成 比例,其场的分布随不同的方向而变化,具有 性。 二、(15分)如图所示的接地导体球壳内径为a ,点电荷q 1 = q ,q 2 = - q ,分别位于z = a /3与z = -a /3处,试求:

1、镜像电荷的个数,大小与位置(5分);

2、球壳内的电位分布(5分);

3、q1受到的静电力(5分)。

三、(10分)1、试给出有源区域时变电磁场微分形式的麦克斯韦方程组,电流连续性方程与位移电流密度(6分);

2、试写出无源条件下时变电磁场在理想介质(1)与理想导体(2)分界面的边界条件(4分)。 四、(20分)自由空间(00,εμ)的均匀平面电磁波,电场矢量为

(68)(8106)j x z x y z E a e j a e -+=+-r r r r

,试求:

1、波矢量与频率(5分);

2、磁场强度的复数形式(5分);

3、坡印挺矢量的平均值(5分);

4、电磁波的极化形式(5)。 五、(15)线极化均匀平面波在海水中沿+z 方向传播,其磁场强度在z =0处为电100.1sin(10/3)(/)x H a t A m ππ=-r r

,海水的参数为4/S m σ=,80r ε=,1r μ=,试求:

1、海水中电磁波的相速度与波长(5分);

2、海水中的电场强度与磁场强度的复数形式(10分)。

(可供选择的公式有:α=

β=

,e η=

六、证明题(15分) 1、由麦克斯韦方程组第一方程的积分形式证明金属空心波导管中不存在TEM 波(8分);

2、椭圆极化波x y E e A je B =+r r r

(A ,B 为实数,且A B ≠),证明它可以分解为两个幅度不等,旋向相反的圆极化波(7分)。 七、(15分)工作频率为10GHz 的电磁波在空心矩形金属波导管(填充空气)中传播,波导管的尺寸为a ×b =45.72mm×10.16mm ,试求: 1、波导中能够存在的电磁波的模式(10分); 2、主模(最低次模)的波导波长与波阻抗(5分)。

参考答案一

1、唯一性;

2、正弦或余弦(三角),实指数(或双曲);

3、非均匀;

4、色散;

5、平行,大于;

6、球,反,方向。

1、个数:2个,,

13

q q

=-,(0,0,3)a,,

23

q q

=,(0,0,3)a

-,;

2、

221/2221/2 0

221/2221/2

11

[

4(96cos)(96cos)

11

]

(96cos)(96cos)

q

r a ar r a ar

r a ar r a ar

φ

πεθθ

θθ

=-

+-++

-+

+-++

3、22

2

22

22

22

000338

2

10

4()4()4()3

3

3

z z z q q q F e e e a a a πεπεπε=

-

+

r r r r

1、麦克斯韦方程组:D H J t ???=+?v v v ,B

E t ???=-?v

r ,0B ??=v ,D ρ??=v

电流连续性方程:J t

ρ

???=-?v ,位移电流:d D J t ?=?v v ;

2、1n s a H J ?=r r r ,10n a E ?=r r ,1n sf a D ρ?=r

r ,10n a B ?=r r 。 四

1、均匀平面波的一般形式:0jk r E E e -?=r r

r r ,得到:68x y z k x k y k z x z ++=+,得:

波矢量:68)x z k a a =+r r r

; 波数:10/k rad m =,波长:20.2m k πλπ=

=,频率: 477.7c

f MHz λ

==;

2、

'3410()(68)

552

102

''43(8106)[10()10]55

(1010)z x z j j x z x y z x z z j j k a x y E a e j a e a a a e e

a a e e

π

π-+-+-?=+-=-+=+r r r r r r

r r r r r

'4355x x z a a a =-r r r ,'y y a a =r r ,'3455

z x z k

a a a a =+=r r r

r '''''''''0,0,0,x y x z y z x y z a a a a a a a a a ?=?=?=?=r r r r r r r r r

x ’,y ’,z ’相互垂直,并成右手螺旋关系

由1k H a E η

=?r r

r 得到

''

102

'''00

10(68)

22

''0

011(1010)1

10

43(1010)[()]55z z j j k a k i z x y j

j

j k a j x z y x x z y H a E a a a e e

a a e e

a a e a e ππ

π

ηηηη-?-?-+=?=?+=

-=

--+r r r r r r r r r r r r

r r r

3、

*2''2'''21

1Re()Re{(1010)

22

1

(1010)}1202002401(34)/6j av x y j y x z x y S E H a a e a a e a a a W m ππππ

π=?=+?+==+r r r r r r r r r

r

4、''12,102

x y E E π

???=-=-==,左旋圆极化波。

1、损耗角正切:

100

4

0.181080σωεπε==?

故:84(/)Np m α==,

300(/)rad m βπ==

0.02841.8()e j e πη==Ω

海水中相速度:73.3310/p v m s ω

β

=

=? 海水中的波长:32 6.6710m π

λβ

-=

=?

2、海水中:cos()z x m H a H e t z αωβ?-=-+r r

,代入z=0,得到:

0.1m H =,5

6?π

=-

841050.1cos(10300)6z x H a e t z πππ-=--r r

复数形式:5(300)

846

0.1j z z x H a e e ππ-+-=r r

电场强度:5(3000.028)8464.18(/)j z e z z y E H e a e e V m πππη-+--=?=-r r r r

1、证明:假设在空心金属波导中存在TEM 波,由麦克斯韦第一方程的积分形

式:()l s

D H dl J ds t

??=+????r

r r r r

? 由于H 线为闭合线,选沿H 线的闭合路径积分,上式左边不等于0;由于是空心波导,不存在波导轴向的传导电流,又假设TEM 波,D 在波导的横截面内,d s 垂直于横截面,故上式右边等于0,与第一方程矛盾,因此假设不成立。 七、证明:令:1212,A A A B A A =+=-,代入,得到:

112212()()x y x y E e A je A e A je A E E =++-=+r r r r r r r

E 1为左旋圆极化波,E 2右旋圆极化波,他们的幅值不等为:

12,22

A B A B A A +-==。

1、TEM 波的波长:8

09

310301010c mm f λ?==

=? 10291.44cTE a mm λ==, 2045.72cTE a mm λ==, 302

30.483

cTE a mm λ==,

401

22.862cTE a mm λ==,01220.32cTE b mm λ==,

工作波长小于TE 10,TE 20,TE 30模的截止波长,大于其它模式的截止波长,因此存在TE 10,TE 20,TE 30模; 2、

1031.76gTE mm λ=

=,10399.2TE Z =

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