最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略(附答案)

最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略(附答案)
最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略(附答案)

中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略(附答案)

动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"(not)to+动词原形"。

考点攻略一:动词不定式作主语

1)动词不定式直接用在主语位置:To see you is always a pleasure.

2)如果主语较长,则可以用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。

①It is +形容词+(of sb.) to do sth. 此处常用careless, clever, foolish, honest,

kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, wrong, wise等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。

It’s brave of you to jump into the river to save the boy!

②It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth. 此处常用necessary, hard, difficult,

easy, important, impossible等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。

It is our duty to keep our classroom clean. It is important for us to protect the environment.

③It takes sb. some time to do sth.

It usually takes us about two and a half hours to travel from Shanghai to Japan.

考点攻略二:动词不定式作宾语

其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, plan, promise, manage, hope, wish, want, seem, refuse, fail等。

I didn’t expect to see you here.

在某些复合宾语中,动词有find, consider, think, make, feel,常先用it代替不定式,作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。

I find it impossible to finish the task on time.

考点攻略三:动词不定式作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾补,即“动词+宾语+(not)to do sth.”,接不定式作宾补的常见动词有:

advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, beg, encourage, get, help, invite, teach, order, remind, tell, want, wish, warn等。

My parents always tell me not to be late for school.

考点攻略四:动词不定式作表语

不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后,表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作;若主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, wish等名词,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

It is said that they are to visit China next month. My wish is to become a scientist like Einstein.

考点攻略五:动词不定式作定语(常用于名词之后)。

由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语,

Tom is always the first student to arrive at school.

注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时,此不定式后要加相应的介词。

We haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I need a pen to write with.

考点攻略六:动词不定式作目的状语。如:

To keep fit, students are advised to do morning exercises.

so as to (不可用于句首使用),in order to也可以引导目的状语。

I walked slowly on the icy road in order not to fall down.

考点攻略七:动词不定式与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如:The problem is how to get there on time.

注:当主句谓语动词know,tell,forget,remember,learn,explain等后接疑问词(连接代词/副词)引导的宾语从句,且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“疑问词(连接代词/副词)+不定式(短语)”形式。

We don’t know what we should do next. = We don’t know what to do next.

考点攻略八:动词不定式to 的省略情况

1)、在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等,但在被动结构中,to不可省略。

The teacher makes me rewrite the composition.

2)、在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:had better, would rather, cannot help,等。

I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.

3)、在why not结构中,其后的动词不定式to要省略。如:Why not send those books back?

自我测试

I. Choose the best answer.

1. You had better ______ because you have to drive back home.

A) not drinking B) not drink C) don’t drink D) not to drink

2. I can’t tell you what she said. I’ve promised ______ it a secret.

A) keep B) to keep C) keeping D) kept

3. Doctors warned people stay outdoors for a long time in foggy weather.

A) not B) don’t C) to not D) not to

4. ------I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?

------I haven’t decided where ________.

A) go B) went C) going D) to go

5. The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.

A) practise singing B) to practise singing C) practised singing D) practise to sing

II. Rewrite the following sentences as required.

6. The girl didn't know where she could find her mother. (改成简单句)

The girl didn't know where_______ _______ her mother.

7. The man is so energetic that he can be our leader. (改为简单句)

The man is energetic __________ __________ be our leader.

8. You should memorize your password. It’s very important. (合并为一句)

It’s very important for you ________ your password.

答案与解析:

1.答案为B。had better后接动词原形,否定形式在had better后加not。

2.答案为B。promise to do sth.答应或许诺做某事。

3.答案为D。warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。

4.答案为D。此处考查的是疑问词(连接代词/副词)+不定式(短语)形式的用法。

5.答案为B。make, hear, see等词在被动结构中要加to。

6.答案为to find。宾语从句可转换成“疑问词(连接代词/副词)+不定式(短语)”形式。

7.答案为enough to。so…that…结构可以与enough to 同义转换。

8.答案为to memorize。It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth为固定表达结构。

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1.阅读理解

Jenny looked at the store window. There was nothing that she wanted more than a Happy Hannah doll. It was $29.95. Unluckily, Jenny didn't even have the 95 cents.

As she crossed the street, she thought about doing her brother's housework, cleaning the floor, washing the dishes all month, but even then she would have only eleven dollars. Suddenly, something small and pink in the snow caught her eyes.

Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. She opened the wallet and found many dollars and a woman's driver's license in it. Jenny put the wallet into her bag quickly. She turned around and walked back.

Jenny's heart beat(跳动) fast as she went into the store. She had long dreamed about this moment, but something didn't feel right. As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls, she pushed away her feelings. She grabbed(抓起) one and walked toward the checkout.

As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. It was her grandma. Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her. She put the doll down and answered the phone.

“Hi, Grandma? I'm going to be a little bit late tonight...Alright...I love you, too.” Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door looked sad.

“Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said.

“Oh, good God! This is the money for the orphanage(孤儿院)! Thank you!”

After doing her brother's housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll. She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.

(1)What did Jenny find in the snow?

A. A bag.

B. A wallet.

C. A doll.

D. A mobile phone.

(2)How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma?

A. Moved.

B. Surprised.

C. Nervous.

D. Warm.

(3)Why did Jenny go to 301 West Street?

A. To find a toy store.

B. To visit the orphanage.

C. To return the money.

D. To look after the woman.

(4)What did Jenny do to get the doll?

A. She did her brother's housework for three months.

B. She asked her grandma to buy it for her.

C. She took some money from the woman.

D. She cleaned the floor in the store for all month.

(5)What do we know from the story?

A. The girl is kind and never does wrong.

B. The girl's grandma has a great influence on her.

C. The woman is mean and never helps others.

D. The girl didn't have a Happy Hannah doll in the end.

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

(3)C

(4)A

(5)B

【解析】【分析】本文叙述了有一次詹妮在雪地里捡起了一个钱包,她本想去拿着这钱去买一个自己喜欢的洋娃娃,可是当她想付钱的时候,她接到了祖母的电话,她想起来祖母,于是就放弃了用捡来的钱来买东西的想法,把钱包物归原主了,决定通过给她的弟弟做三个月的作业,最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。

(1)细节理解题。根据Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. 可知,詹妮在雪地里捡起的是钱包。故选B。(2)细节理解题。根据As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. It was her grandma. Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her.可知,詹妮当想起她的祖母的时候,她感觉很温暖。故选D。

(3)细节理解题。根据Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door looked sad.“Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said.可知,詹妮去301西街是去还钱包。故选C。

(4)细节理解题。根据After doing her brother's housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll.可知,詹妮通过给她的弟弟做了三个月的作业,最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。故选A。

(5)推理判断题。根据Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her.She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.可知,詹妮特别尊重自己的祖母,看重祖母的看法。可推知她的祖母对她影响很大。故选。

【点评】推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一,也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型,属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理,也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义,即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。因此,学生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理,在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会“弦外之音”,从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

2.阅读理解

A girl complained to her father about her hard life.She didn't know what she had to do and wanted to give up.She felt tired of fighting and fighting.One problem had been finished but another came over.

Her father,a cook,took her into the kitchen.He poured water into three pans and boiled(煮沸) them.After boiling,in the first pan was put some carrots,the second was put some eggs and the last was put with coffee.

The girl waited impatiently (不耐烦的),confused by what her father did.About 20 minutes

later,her father took out the carrots and put them in a bowl.He took the eggs and put them in a bowl.After that the coffee was poured into a cup.“My sweet heart,what do you see?” he asked.

“Carrots,eggs and coffee,” she replied.

Her father told her to close her eyes and asked her to touch the carrots.She did so and felt that the carrots were soft.After that he asked her to take the eggs and break them.After peeling (剥开) them,she got the eggs,cooked and hard.The last,the father let her smell the coffee.She asked,“What did you do this for,Father?” He explained that each had the same unlucky experience—the boiling water,but each had a different result.The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak.Thefragileeggs became hard after being cooked.The coffee was very special,they could change water.“Who are you?” asked her father.“When bad luck knocks at your door,what is your decision? Are you carrots,eggs or coffee?”

(1)The girl complained about her hard life because she didn't ________.

A. want to give up

B. finish one problem

C. know what to do

D. get tired of fighting (2)The girl's father took her to the kitchen to ________.

A. ask her how to boil eggs

B. show her how to make coffee

C. teach her how to be a cook

D. tell her how to face difficulties

(3)After about twenty minutes,the carrots became ________.

A. soft

B. hard

C. salty

D. sweet

(4)The underlined word “fragile” in the passage means “________”.

A. 美味的

B. 易碎的

C. 特别的

D. 可怜的(5)What can we learn from the passage?

A. The girl's father liked to eat some kinds of food.

B. Bad luck always knocks at strong people's doors.

C. Boiled carrots,eggs and coffee had the same result.

D. People should make right decisions when in trouble.

【答案】(1)C

(2)D

(3)A

(4)B

(5)D

【解析】【分析】文章大意:一个女孩向她父亲抱怨她糟糕的生活,她不知道该怎么做而且想要放弃。她觉得一次又一次的打拼很疲惫,一件事情刚解决,又一件事接踵而至。本文讲述的是父亲用一个平常的事件给女儿讲解人生道理的故事。

(1)细节理解题。女孩抱怨生活艰辛是因为她不A. want to give up想放弃;B. finish one problem完成一个问题;C. know what to do知道什么什么;D. get tired of fighting对努力厌倦。根据短文第1自然段,可知,故选C。

(2)细节理解题。题意:女孩的父亲把她带到厨房干什么?A. ask her how to boil eggs,问她怎样煮蛋;B. show her how to make coffee教她怎样煮咖啡;C. teach her how to be a cook ,教她怎样当厨师;D. tell her how to face difficulties告诉她怎样面对困难。父亲带女儿到厨房是想通过煮不同食物的事让她明天人生的道理。故选D。

(3)细节理解题。题意:20分钟后,白菜变得怎样了?A. soft 软;B. hard,硬;C. salty,咸;D. sweet甜。从文中可知,白菜是变软了,故选A。

(4)词义猜测题。题意:带有下划线的“fragile” 在短文中的意思是什么?A. 美味的;B. 易碎的;C. 特别的;D. 可怜的。句意:蛋煮后变硬了。容易推测出是:易碎的。故选B。(5)理解判断题。题意:从短文中我们可以学会什么?What can we learn from the passage?A. The girl's father liked to eat some kinds of food.女孩的父亲喜欢吃不同种类的食物;B. Bad luck always knocks at strong people's doors.坏运总是敲响强大者的门;C. Boiled carrots, eggs and coffee had the same result.煮胡萝卜、蛋、咖啡结果一样;D. People should make right decisions when in trouble.人们在处于困境时应该做出正确的决定。根据短文内容,故选D。

【点评】做阅读理解练习应先看问题,弄清考点。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序,应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。

3.阅读理解

Sitting among the cheering fans of the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team in Rio de Janeiro, a Polish fan caught a lot of attention. It is not because he is not Chinese, but because he has followed the team closely from the very beginning

The 60-year-old Jozef fell in love with the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team at the first sight when he watched the girls at the London Olympics on TV in 2012. The Polish man was crazy about the performances of the young team, especially by its core player Hui Ruoqi. Before that Jozef was a loyal fan of his home team﹣the Polish men's volleyball.

Since then, Jozef has become crazy about the team and has kept track of almost all their international competitions. Back in the 2013 Montreux Volley Masters of Switzerland, the Polishman, for the first time, came to cheer up for the team on site. He also drove all the way from Polandto Italy to lend support for the girls during the 2014 Women's World Volleyball Championship.

The hardcore fan traveled hundreds of miles from Poland to Brazil, and booked tickets for allmatches of the Chinese Women's Volleyball. This time, Jozef was interviewed by TV and has been recognized by not just fans, but millions of Chinese TV audience.

The" Polish grandpa" was a nickname given by Chinese volleyball fans. He has 18,000 followers on Sina Weibo, China's answer to Twitter, where Jozef has been sharing his obsession with Chinese internet users since 2013.

(1)Why did Jozef get much attention?

A. He was interviewed by Chinese TV.

B. He is a famous and loyal Polish fan.

C. He has supported the Chinese team from the start.

D. He was sitting among the fans of the Chinese team.

(2)When did Jozef first become interested in the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team?

A. In 2012.

B. In 2013.

C. In 2014.

D. In 2015.

(3)How did Jozef come to Italy to support the Chinese Woomen's Volleyball Team?

A. By car

B. By bus

C. By bike

D. By plane

(4)What can we learn from the passage?

A. Jozef has already had millions of fans in Poland.

B. Jozef has been a fan of his home team since 2012.

C. Jozef first cheered up for the Chinese team on site in 2014.

D. Jozef has followed most of the international matches of the Chinese team.

(5)What has Jozef been doing on Sina Weibo?

A. Giving support to the Polish team

B. Sharing his love for the Chinese team

C. Answering questions about playing volleyball

D. Booking tickets for matches of the Chinese team

【答案】(1)C

(2)A

(3)A

(4)D

(5)B

【解析】【分析】文章大意:短文介绍了中国女排的铁杆球迷“波兰爷爷”。他从一开始就密切关注球队现年60岁的乔泽夫在2012年伦敦奥运会的电视上看到这些女孩时,第一眼就爱上了中国女排。波兰人对青年队的表现非常着迷,尤其是对其核心球员惠若奇的表现。在2014年世界女子排球锦标赛上,他还从意大利的波兰多驱车前往支持这些女孩。这位铁杆

球迷从波兰到巴西旅行了数百英里,并预订了中国女排所有比赛的门票。不仅得到了电视迷的认可,也得到了数以百万计的中国电视观众的认可。他在新浪微博上有18000名粉丝,这是中国对Twitter的回应。

(1)细节理解题。根据It is not because he is not Chinese, but because he has followed the team closely from the very beginning这不是因为他不是中国人,而是因为他从一开始就密切关注球队。可只是因为他从一开始就支持中国队,故答案选C。

(2)细节理解题。根据The 60-year-old Jozef fell in love with the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team at the first sight when he watched the girls at the London Olympics on TV in 2012. 现年60岁的乔泽夫在2012年伦敦奥运会的电视上看到这些女孩时,第一眼就爱上了中国女排。可知是从2012年开始,故答案选A。

(3)细节理解题。根据He also drove all the way from Polandto Italy to lend support for the girls during the 2014 Women's World Volleyball Championship在2014年世界女子排球锦标赛上,他还从意大利的波兰多驱车前往支持这些女孩,可知是开车。故答案选A。

(4)细节理解题。根据and booked tickets for all matches of the Chinese Women's Volleyball. 并预定了中国女排所有比赛的门票。可知乔泽夫跟踪了中国队的大部分国际比赛,故答案选D。

(5)细节理解题。根据He has 18, 000 followers on Sina Weibo, China's answer to Twitter, where Jozef has been sharing his obsession with Chinese internet users since 2013. 他在新浪微博上有18000名粉丝,这是中国对Twitter的回应, 自2013年以来,Jozef一直在与中国网民分享他对Twitter的痴迷。可知他在微博上分享他对中国队的爱,故答案选B。【点评】考查阅读理解题,本文涉及到了细节理解题,细节理解体比较简单,可知直接从文章中找到答案。

4.阅读理解

Esperanza lives in a poor Latino(拉丁美洲的) neighbourhood in Chicago, America. She dreams of having her own house one day. Her parents told her that when they moved from their last house, they would have a new and shiny(亮闪闪的) house. But the house is small and old.

Many people live in Mango Street, in a big old house, Esperanza lives behind it with her family.

A lot of the people who have come from Mexico don't speak English. Many miss their home country. Esperanza understands their sadness, but she also feels at home in America. She is an American, but her roots(根) will always be Latino.

Esperanza is young. Like her friends, she has to grow up fast. She is stuck between being a girl and being a woman. In the poor and dangerous area where she lives, this is difficult for her. Mexican people usually live in a close neighbourhood. This means that people live packed(挤塞

的) in together. Everyone knows everyone else. So Esperanza knows other older girls that do things she is not comfortable doing. It is just a fact of her life.

But Esperanza has good friends too. She becomes friends with two sisters named Lucy and Rachel. They ride bikes and have adventures(冒险) together. Esperanza is also friends with a girl named Alicia. Alicia is afraid of the rats in her apartment. She shares her poems with Esperanza.(1)What is RIGHT about Esperanza?

A. She doesn't like what some of the older girls are doing.

B. She isn't quite used to her life in America.

C. She is an American and has a comfortable life.

D. She often lives with her friends enjoying doing things together.

(2)Where does Esperanza live?

A. In a big old house in Mango Street.

B. In a small and old house in Mango Street.

C. In a new and shiny house.

D. In a small and dangerous house.

(3)We can infer from the text that ______________.

A. many people who live in Mango Street are dangerous

B. Mango Street is an area where Esperanza's childhood is unforgettable

C. in Mango Street, people don't speak English

D. in Mango Street, everybody understands Esperanza s sadness

(4)What does the word "stuck" in the third paragraph mean?

A. hard to agree

B. hard to believe

C. hard to move

D. hard to have a correct idea (5)The passage is mainly a simple introduction to ______________.

A. a person's experience

B. a person's friends

C. a place named Mango Street

D. love and sadness from Mango Street

【答案】(1)A

(2)B

(3)A

(4)C

(5)A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了Esperanza住在美国芝加哥一个贫穷的拉丁美洲街区,房子又小又旧,及其危险困难的生活。

(1)细节题。根据So Esperanza knows other older girls that do things she is not comfortable doing.可知Esperanza不喜欢其他女孩做的不舒服的事情,故选A。

(2)细节题。根据But the house is small and old. Many people live in Mango Street, in a big old house, Esperanza lives behind it with her family.可知Esperanza的房子是小的旧的,住在Mango Street的后面,故选B。

(3)细节题。根据In the poor and dangerous area where she lives, this is difficult for her可知住在Mango Street是危险和困难的,故选A。

(4)细节题。根据前句Like her friends, she has to grow up fast.像她的朋友一样,她不得不快速成长,所以卡在了女孩和妇女间,即很难移动,即hardto move,故选C。

(5)细节题。根据全文可知主要介绍了Esperanza住在美国芝加哥一个贫穷的拉丁美洲街区,房子又小又旧,及其危险困难的生活。即个人经历的介绍,故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解,主要考查细节题,注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

5.阅读理解

Australia at last! The flight was tiring, but here I am at last, in Sydney! Look! Here we are at last! The Sydney Opera House! It looks like shells!

It's wonderful and amazing! And I'm taking the plane to New Zealand on Tuesday. I'll post again from there.

Coffee and Paris! Paris is beautiful! We went on a great city tour. We also took a boat ride on the River Seine. And it's nicer to just sit at a street care and watch the world go by. But, to tell you a secret. Frank's disappointed because no one can understand his French!

Don't come here! We're staying at a farm in Utah. There is nearly nothing! It's too quiet. Every

morning, we get up really early, and we ride the horses. Then it's breakfast and more riding--not my idea of fun! So, today I walked to a little town near the farm where they actually have Internet! Next week, we're shopping in New York. I can't wait!

(1)Where is Jessy writing from?

A. Sydney.

B. New Zealand.

C. Paris.

D. Utah.

(2)What did Donna and Frank do during their travelling?

A. They visited museums.

B. They took a boat ride.

C. They sat at a street park.

D. They watched movies in the cinema.

(3)Which of the following is TRUE according to Anna's Moments(朋友圈) ?

A. It is too noisy around the farm.

B. Her idea of fun is horse riding.

C. She is going to London next week.

D. She cannot use Internet at the farm.

【答案】(1)A

(2)B

(3)D

【解析】【分析】短文大意:这篇短文讲的是Jessy,Donna,Anna几个人参观不同的城市的感受。

(1)细节理解题。根据Australia at last! The flight was tiring, but here I am at last, in Sydney! 澳大利亚是最后一站。这次飞行很令人厌烦,但是在悉尼这里是我最后一站。故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据We also took a boat ride on the River Seine. 我们还乘船游览了塞纳河。故选B。

(3)细节理解题。根据So, today I walked to a little town near the farm where they actually have Internet! 因此,今天我步行到农场附近的一个小镇在那里他们实际上是有网络的。可知农场没有网络,她不能在农场使用网络,故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。我们先分析问题,弄清题意,然后带着问题阅读短文,从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的细节,选出正确答案。

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