老挝电力发展规划-现状

Part I

Present Status

Generation Facilities

1.1 Existing

The generation Source Development in Lao PDR has been continuously developed together with the increasing demand of electricity in the period 2005-2009, the total installed capacity as of December 2005 was 670.8 MW (excluding off-grid system), of which 308.7 MW is owned by EDL while 362.1 MW is owned by Independent Power Producers for exporting power to neighboring countries, IPP(e)1. The growth rate of the installed capacity in the period 2008-2009 was 172%. The historical trend of the installed capacity of Hydropower plants are shown in Figure 1.1-1 below.

Figure 1.1-1: Historical trend of the installed capacity.

At present, the existing transmission system in side the country was not yet linked together. The total installed capacity as of December 2009 was 1,826.8 MW, all from Hydropower plants. The dramatically increase with the capacity of 1,156 MW in 2009 mainly from Xeset 2 (76 MW) and Nam Theun 2 (1,080 MW) hydropower plants. Of which 20.9% of capacity is owned by EDL and 78.9% are IPP(e). The existing hydropower plants of EDL and IPP(e) are listed in the Table 1.1-1, Appendix 1 and Figure 1.1-2 below.

1

Theun Hinboun HPP (210MW) and Houay Ho HPP (152.1 MW) and Nam Theun 2 HPP (1080MW)

Figure 1.1-2: The existing installed capacity of hydropower plants as of December 2009.

Figure 1.1-3: The existing hydropower plants in Lao PDR.

1.2 Transmission Line and Substation Facilities

At Present, the high voltage transmission system (115 kV) was already linked between Central and

Northern areas in 2009 while Central and Southern link is under construction and expected to be

completed during 2010-2011. Details of the existing transmission system in Lao PDR are shown in

Figure 1.2-1, Appendix 1, and Figure 1.2-2 below.

Nam Ngum 1 hydropower plant

Xeset 2 hydropower plant Xeset 1 hydropower plant

Figure 1.2-3: The existing transmission system and substations in Lao PDR.

1.2.1 Northern Area

The existing 115kV transmission line in the Northern area is interconnected with China system by single circuit of 115kV transmission line from Namo substation, Oudomxay province (Lao PDR) – Meung La substation (China) in 2009, Refer to Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) signed between EDL and China, EDL was allowed to imports power at this point with maximum 30MW. The power distribution in this area is delivered through various 115/22kV substations such as: Luang Namtha 1, Oudomxai, Luang Prabang 1, Pakmong, Sayabuly and some parts is delivered through imports power from Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand (PEA) via the 22kV distribution line. As of December 2009, the existing 115/22kV substations in this area consist of 6 locations with the total installed capacity of 107 MVA (as seen in the Table 1.2-1, Appendix 1). The total length of the 115kV transmission lines is totally 594.5 cct-km (as seen in Table 1.2-2, Appendix 1).

1.2.2 Central Area

The high voltage transmission systems in this area are connected with three (3) major hydropower

plants namely Nam Ngum 1 (155 MW), Nam Leuk (60 MW) and Nam Mang 3 (40 MW). These plants are supplied electric energy mainly to Central area and some parts of Northern area. The power distribution in the Vientiane Capital is delivered through various 115/22kV substations (Phonetong, Naxaythong, Tha Ngon, Khoksa ad, and Thanaleng), Vientiane province is delivered

through 115/22kV substations (Phonsoung, Thalat, Bandon, Nonhai, Nam Ngum1, Nam Leuk, Nam Mang 3 and Vangvieng), Bolikhamxai province is delivered through 115/22kV Pakxan

substation, and Xiengkhuang is delivered through 115/22kV Phonsavan substation. As of

Substation Control Room 115kV Transmission Line

December 2009 the 115/22kV substations in this area consist of 14 locations with the total installed capacity of 446.5 MVA (as seen in the Table 1.2-1, Appendix 1) and the total length of 115kV transmission line is totally 799.9 km, 898.6 cct-km (as seen in Table 1.2-2, Appendix 1).

The 115kV transmission system in this area is also interconnected to EGAT’s system for the purposes of exchange power each other (import/export). There are two interconnection points namely: 1) from Phontong substation (Lao PDR) to Nongkai substation (EGAT, Thailand) by double (2) circuits of 115kV transmission lines and Single (1) circuit of 115kV transmission line from Thanaleng substation (Lao PDR) to Nongkai substation (EGAT, Thailand) and 2) from Pakxan substation (Lao PDR) to Bungkan substation (EGAT, Thailand) by Double (2) circuits (Strung one circuit) of 115kV transmission line. The details are shown in the Table 1.4-1, Appendix 1.

1.2.3 Southern Area

The 115 kV transmission systems in this area will be linked with Central system during 2010-2011, the project is under construction. The connection will start from Pakxan substation (Bolikhamxay province)-Thakhek (Khammouane province)-Pakbo substation (Savanakhet province) by double (2) circuits of 115kV transmission lines. Moreover, the Southern area system is also interconnected to EGAT’s system for the purpose of exchange power each other (import/export) namely: 1) Double circuit of 115kV transmission line from Thakhek substation (Lao PDR) to Nakhonphanom substation (EGAT, Thailand), 2) Double circuit (Strung one circuit) of 115kV transmission line from Pakbo substation (Lao PDR) to Mukdahan substation (EGAT, Thailand), and 3) Single circuit of 115kV transmission line from Bangyo substation (Lao PDR) to Sirinthon hydropower plant (EGAT, Thailand).

Besides the interconnection with EGAT’s system, the 115 kV transmission line in Khammouane province was also expanded to supply power to the large consumers such as: from Thakhek substation – Sepon (mine) substation, from Thakhek – Cement Factory (Mahaxay) and from Nam Theun 2 (75MW) – Mahaxay substation.

Power supply to the urban, districts and rural area of Saravan, Sekong, Attapeu and Champasak provinces come from three (3) major hydropower plants namely: 1) Xeset 1 (45MW), 2) Xeset 2 (76MW) and 3) Selabam (5MW). Currently, the 115/22kV substations in this area encompass 10 locations with the total installed capacity of 359 MVA (as seen in the Table 1.2-1, Appendix 1).

The total length of 115kV transmission lines is totally 666.5 km, 989.6 cct-km (as seen in Table 1.2-2, Appendix 1). The power distribution in this area is delivered through various substation such as: Khammouan province is delivered through 115/22kV substations (Thakhek and Mahaxai), Savanakhet province is delivered through 115/22kV substations (Pakbo and Kengkok), Saravan province is delivered through 115/22kV Xeset 1 power stations, Champasack province is delivered through 115/22kV substations (Bangyo, Jiengxai, Pakxong, Ban Na and Ban Hat) and Attapeu province is delivered through 115/22kV Saphaothong substation.

1.3 Distribution Facilities

Currently, EDL’s medium voltage (MV) distribution system is principally of 12.7kV, 22kV, 25kV, 34.5kV and 35kV. Those medium voltage Feeders are extended to urban and rural areas from 115/34.5/22kV substations. The low voltage (LV) distribution systems are generally of 400/220V, 3 phase and 4 wires.

S

Figure 1.3-1: The existing medium and low voltage systems.

Refer to the statistics of medium voltage network since 2003 up to 2009, the growth rate was in the range of 6-15% (as seen in Table 1.3-1, Appendix 1) and shown in Figure 1.3-2 below.

Medium Voltage Distribution System

Medium Voltage Distribution System -

Low Voltage System Medium Voltage Distribution System Medium Voltage Distribution System -

Medium Voltage Distribution System

Figure 1.3-2: Historical trend of medium voltage system.

Refer to the statistics of low voltage network since 2003 up to 2009, the growth rate was in the range of 4-12% (as seen in Table 1.3-1, Appendix 1) and shown in Figure 1.3-3 below.

Figure 1.3-3: Historical trend of low voltage system.

The growth rate of installed capacity of distribution transformers in horizon 2003-2009 was in the range of 9-15% (as seen in Table 1.3-2, Appendix 1) and shown in Figure 1.3-4 below.

Figure 1.3-4: Historical trend of installed capacity of distribution transformers.

1.4 International Connecting Lines

Besides, 115 kV interconnection lines with neighboring countries as mentioned-above, EDL’s distribution system (22kV, 35kV) was also interconnected with neighboring countries too for the purpose of supply power to the bordering areas and to the place where is no network existed. Details of international connecting lines are as follows:

#International Connecting lines with PEA: Muong Houayxay (Bokeo province), Muong Khop, Muong Ngeun, Muong Xienghon, and Muong Kenthao (Xayabuly province).

#International Connecting lines with Electricity of Vietnam (EVN): Muong Sopbao (Huaphanh province), Dansavan (Savannakhet province), Muong Samouay (Saravan province), Muong Dakcheung (Sekong province) and Danphoukeua (Attapeu province).

#International Connecting lines with Electricite Du Combodge (EDC): Ban Hat Substattion (Lao PDR) to Stung Treng substation (Cambodia).

#International Connecting lines with China Southern Grid (CSG): Muong Sing and Botendenkham (Luang Namtha province).

Details of the existing interconnecting lines with neighboring countries Including IPP(e)’s lines as of December 2009 are summarized in Table 1.4-1, Appendix 1.

1.5 Past Energy Consumption Record

Historical trend of energy consumption of each area in horizon 2001-2009 are tabulated in Table 1.5-1, Appendix 1, and shown in Figure 1.5-1 below.

Figure 1.5-1: Historical trend of energy consumption.

Remark:

?The data in horizon 2005-2009 was including Sepon Gold/Copper mine and Mahaxay Cement Factory consumption.

Figure 1.5-1 above and Table 1.5-1, Appendix 1 are indicated that the growth rate of energy demand for whole country in horizon 2001-2009 was continuously increased with an average growth rate was 4% (2002-2003), while big growth was in period 2005-2006 with 39% (Data 2005 is including of Sepon Gold/Copper mine and Mahaxay Cement factory demand), an average growth rate of energy demand in Northern, Central and Southern areas were 24.3%, 12.2% and 19.7% respectively. The average growth rate of energy demand for whole country was 15.2%, the main reason is that electricity requirement from the rural electrification expansion projects, industrial, Commercial loads.

1.6 Past Peak Load Record

The past peak load record of each area in period 2001-2009 are listed in Table 1.5-1, Appendix 1, and shown in Figure 1.6-1 below.

Figure 1.6-1: Historical trend of peak load

Remark:

?The data in horizon 2005-2009 was including Sepon Gold/Copper mine and Mahaxay Cement Factory consumption.

Figure 1.6-1 above and Table 1.5-1, Appendix 1 are indicated that the growth rate of peak Load for whole country in horizon 2001-2009 was continuously increased with an average growth rate of 7% (2001 to 2002), while 23% was in period 2008-2009. An average growth rate of peak Load in Northern, Central and Southern areas were 24.9%, 14.2% and 9.3% respectively. The average growth rate of peak load for whole country was 13.3%, the main reason please refer to the item 1.5.

1.7 Energy Consumption by Consumer Types

The past energy consumption by consumer type is shown in the Table 1.5-2, Appendix 1. The energy consumption by consumer type was classified into seven (7) categories: Industry, Agriculture, Enterprises, Entertainment, Government Office, Residential and Embassies. Share of the energy consumption of each category in the whole country is shown in the Table 1.7-1. In order to evaluate the Socio-Economic development in the country which related with to energy consumption, the energy consumption by consumer types were re-classified into four (4) categories: Residential, Industry, Agriculture and Service (Enterprises, Entertainment, Government Office, and Embassies). The details are shown in the Table 1.5-3, Appendix 1, and Figure 1.7-1 and 1.7-2 below.

-

100,000,000

200,000,000300,000,000400,000,000500,000,000600,000,000

700,000,000800,000,000900,000,000200120022003200420052006200720082009

k W h

Residential Service

Figure 1.7-1: Historical trend of energy consumption by consumer types.

Figure 1.7-1 indicated that the past energy consumption by consumer types in period 2001-2009 for whole country, the Residential and Agriculture categories were increased normally while Industrial and Service categories were dramatically increased in period 2006-2009 (for Industrial category) and 2007-2009 (for Service category) and the growth rate of these categories will continuously increase. With the increasing of energy consumption for these categories, it can be explained that the social economic development in the country is being improved.

Figure 1.7-2: Share of energy consumption by consumer types.

Figure 1.7-2 is indicated that the share of energy consumption by consumer types in period 2001-2009 for the whole country. The share of the Residential and Agriculture categories were decreased while share of the Industry and Service categories were continuously increased. That means the country is going toward the industrialized country step by step.

The numbers of customers by category for whole country are shown in the Table 1.7-1 and numbers of customers by Residential and non-residential categories are shown in the Table 1.7-2, Appendix 1.

100,000

200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,0002001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Figure 1.7-3: Total number of consumers by Residential and non-Residential categories.

Figure 1.7-3 indicated that the total numbers of consumers by Residential and Non-Residential categories have been increased year by year to fulfill the government target on the rural electrification and socio-economic development plans.

1.8 Gross Power Generation and Power Export/Import

The gross power generation, power export/import of the country during 2001-2009 is tabulated in Table 1.8-1. The average growth rate of generation, import and export in the period 2001-2009 were 1-27%, 3-61% and 3-51% respectively. Almost 100% of total energy is generated by hydropower plants namely: Nam Ngum 1 (155MW), Nam Mang 3 (40MW), Nam Leuk (60MW), Xeset 1 (45MW), Xeset 2 (76MW), small hydropower plants and other sources. The details are shown in Table 1.8-1, Appendix 1.

200400

6008001,000

1,200

1,4001,6001,8002,0002001

2002

2003200420052006200720082009

G W h /Y e a r

Import Export Generation

Figure 1.8-1: Production, Import and Export in the country.

Figure 1.8-1 indicated that the average generation in period 2001-2009 was approximately 1,560 GWh p.a. while trend of Export energy was reduced and the Import energy from neighboring countries was increased 182 GWh (2001), 819 GWh (2009). That means the demand of electricity in the country is high requirement while supply requirement was imbalance.