各种从句的连接词

各种从句的连接词
各种从句的连接词

各种从句的连接词

20191121学习笔记

状语从句

1.时间状语从句

常见的连接词有:when, while, as, before, after, until 或者till, not…until和since

2.地点状语从句

常见的连接词有:where, wherever 或者wverywhere

3.原因状语从句

常见的连接词有:because, due to, thanks to, as a result of, in that和now that

4.目的状语从句

常见的连接词有:so that, in order that, 和in case

5.结果状语从句

常见的连接词有:so…that或者such…that. So要保留,但是that可以省略。

这里要注意so和such的用法差别

So的结构是so加形容词,加不定冠词a/an,加名词再加that.

e.g. It was so hot a day that crops wilted.天气太热,庄稼都枯萎了。Such的结构是such加a/an,加形容词,加名词再加that.

e.g. It was such a hot day that crops wilted.

注意了吗:so hot a day和such a hot day

6.条件状语从句

常见的连接词有:if, unless, as long as, 和on condition that

7.让步状语从句

常见的连接词有:though, although, even if, even though和as.

注:as引导让步状语从句时,在表示“虽然”的时候,句子要用倒装结构。

e.g. Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.虽然她很努力,但是没怎么进步。

8.比较状语从句

除了常见的as和than,比较状语从句还有其他特殊的引导词,比如the more…the more…和no more…than

9.方式状语从句

常见的连接词有:as if, as though和in the way that或者the way

e.g. He looks as if he is angry.他看起来好像生气了。

宾语从句

引导宾语从句的连接词有三种

1.That作为从属连词,在宾语从句中不作任何成分。

e.g. I am quite happy that we have finished the project on time.我们

能准时完成项目,我感到很开心。

2.连接代词what/ who/ which/ whoever/ whatever等

e.g. Do you understand what the teacher said?你听懂老师说的内容

了吗?(what作为连接代词,在宾语从句中作宾语)

3.连接副词how/ when/ where/ why等

e.g. Can you explain why you are late again?你能解释下,你为什么又

迟到了呢?(why作为连接副词,在宾语从句中作状语)

注:宾语从句的三种类型

第一种是,及物动词后的宾语从句。

在及物动词后的宾语从句,又可以简单细分为三种情况:

(1)从句直接跟在动词后面。

e.g. He found that something was wrong.他发现有些地方不对

劲。

(2)当及物动词后有间接宾语时,从句跟在间接宾语后(这类

动词有tell, ask, show, give等)。

e.g. He told me that he was ill.他跟我说他生病了。

(3)当宾语有宾语补足语时,通常用it来代替宾语,从句做形

式宾语,而此时一般为that引导的宾语从句。

e.g. I found it strange that he didn’t come.我感到奇怪他没来。

句中that he didn’t come为found的宾语,strange为宾语补

足语,为了保持句子结构平衡。

用形式宾语it代替宾语从句,并将宾语从句放置在句末。这

类的动词常见有:think, find等。

第二种是,不及物动词加上介词,构成及物动词短语,后接宾语从句。

e.g. He talked of what we should do.他谈论起我们应该做的事

情。

He is interested in what friends are doing.他对朋友们在做的事情感兴趣。

介词后面的宾语从句需要注意两点:

A.一般介词后面的宾语从句,常用疑问词如what, why, how, when或wh-疑问词+形容词(如how old)作引导B.介词后的宾语从句只用whether引导面不用if引导。

第三种是,系动词加形容词后接that引导的宾语从句。

在部分形容词(certain, afraid, aware, glad, sure, confident等表示精神作用的词)后。此时系动词加形容词相当于及物动词的用法,可以接一个由that引起的宾语从句,that有时可以省略。

e.g. I am sure (that) he is at school.我敢肯定他在学校。

定语从句

定语从句它就是在整个句子里扮演定语的从句,用来修饰和限定名词。很多小朋友反映说,分不清定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句,那我们现在就来理一理吧。

首先,名词从句在句子里面是名词成分;

定语从句也就是句子形式的定语,用来修饰名词或者代词;

状语从句呢,也就是整个句子的状语了,用来修饰动词、形容词或者副词。所以它们三个的作用是不一样的。还有一个不同的地方,就是状语从句没有先行词,它一般是修饰整个句子,或者整个一件事发生的状态;

但是定语从句就一定会有先行词了,它的作用呢,就是限定和修饰这个先行词。

无论是限制性定语从句,还是非限制性定语从句,它们都有个领头羊,那就是关系代词或者关系副词,负责引导这些从句,也是从句里的一个成分,比如主语和宾语等等。还要注意关系代词在定语从句里作主语的时候,这个从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

在定语从句里常见的关系代词有:which, that, who, whom和whose;

常见的关系副词有:when, where,和why等等。

我们用到这两类词的情况也是不一样的。

首先,that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如果真的要用也只能用which来代替。

e.g. He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed me.他没有通过考试,这使我很失望。

再有,关系代词whom在限制性定语从句里是宾语的话,就可以用who来代替。但是在非限制性定语从句里就不行了。

e.g. This is the girl whom I met in the street.这就是我在街道上遇到的那个女孩。

先行词the girl在限制性定语从句里作宾语,所以可以用who来代替whom.

最后注意,关系代词在限制性定语从句里作宾语的话可以被省略掉,但是非限制性定语从句的所有关系词都不可以省略。

e.g. This is the book(which/ that) he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。

先行词the book在限制性定语从句里作宾语,所以关系代词which或者that就可以省略啦。而在非限制性定语从句里就不能省略了。

同位语从句

同位语从句一般位于名词的后面,补充说明名词的内容。

e.g. There is no doubt that we will won the game.我们会赢得比赛是毋庸置疑的。(从句that we will won the game是对名词doubt 的补充说明,连接词that 在从句中不充当任何成份,只是起到连接名词和从句的作用,是同位语从句)

同位语从句的引导词和其它名词性从句一样,有从属连词that, whether,连接代词what, who, which, whoever, whatever和连接副词how, when, where, why等。

同位语从句可修饰的名词是有限的,常见的后面接同位语从句的名词有:advice(建议),belief(信念),doubt(怀疑),fear(害怕),fact(事实)等。

有时由于谓语动词较短,要将同位语从句放在句末。

e.g. The news comes that they won the game.他们赢得比赛的消息传来了。

在使用同位语从句时,要注意以下两点:

1. That引导同位语从句时,that不可省略。

2. 同位语从句只用whether引导而不用if 引导。

还要注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

1.同位语从句是为了补充说明名词;而定语从句是修饰限定名

词。

2.同位语从句和主句之间并没有逻辑关系,而定语从句中的关

系词代替的先行词在从句中充当成分用作主语或宾语等。

因此我们就得出一个区别同位语从句和定语从句的方法:判断从句的引导词,是否在从句中代替先行词充当成分,简单来说,就是判断从句成分是否残缺。

e.g. The news that they won the game is true.他们比赛获得胜

利的消息是真的。

The news that you told me is wrong.你告诉我的消息是错的。

这两个句子都是that引导的从句,我们可以看出第一个句子中,从句为that they won the game,从句成分完整,所以这里的从句是同位语从句,补充说明news的内容。

而第二个句子中从句为that you told me,这里told缺少了直接宾语,所以that在这里为关系代词,代替先行词news 充当从句的宾语,为定语从句。

状语从句(9种

1.时间状语从句 常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2.地点状语从句 常用引导词:where 特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地点状语从句 §4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如: 句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。 句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。

中考英语状语从句归纳

时间状语从句 要点: 时间状语从句,由以下连词引导: when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。 当。。。的时候 mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特的时候,开始写音乐作品。 当。。。时 he visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。 在。。。的同时;一边。。。一边。。。 he smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。 在。。。之后 he left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家。 在。。。之前 mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。 soon as 一。。。就。。。(主将从现) we began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。 i will write to you as soon as i get home.我一到家就给你写信。 自。。。以来到现在 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来,他就在这所学校教书。 (还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语:since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。) 8 till /until都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。 they walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。 xiao ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。 9. by the time 到。。。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时) by the time he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的时候,他爸爸已经走了。 by the time i got to school, the class had already began.我到校时,已经开始上课了。 难点——as when while的辨析 as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下: as 表示“一边。。。一边"的意思 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时 when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作"之前"或"之后"发生。 2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)

状语从句连词总结

状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句: when当……时候 while 当……时候(动词只能是延续性动词) as当……时候(经常表示一边……一边……) after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……(即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点) since/ever since自从……(即子某一时间点以来,常用完成时态或完成进行时) 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候(即指到某一时间点为止,主句常用完成时态) 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句:动词ing形式;at……形式;on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里,在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处,处处nowhere 无处,任何地方都无 to/in/from the place(s)where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because(语气最强)因为,多置于主句之后 as(语气最弱)因为,多置于主句之前 since语气较弱,常表示对方已知的事实,相当于“既然” now (that)既然 for the reason that因为(that引导的是同位语从句,先行词为reason) in that由于某种原因,多用于书面语 seeing that因为,鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so (that)为了 for fear that惟恐,以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so (that)所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构

(完整版)状语从句(完整归纳)

状语从句 一.分类: 种类连接词注意区别: 时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when/directly /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从 句:the minute, the moment, every time, the first time 例:The moment he reached the country, he started his search. 他一到达这个国家,就开始他的探寻工作。 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句: directly 例:Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来,大家就安静下来 as和when、while: as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于 主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或while。从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用 when 或while。 till/until和not…till/until: Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。 地点 状语 where//wherever where,表示某一个;wherever,表示任何一个。 原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for because和since、for、as、now that: because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就 用as或since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末, 且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明 直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的,since 可以是现在,也可以是过去和现在。 条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态,如果表示一般将来的情况,就用一般现 在时,如果表示过去将来的情况,就用一般过去时。 目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would 等情态动词 结果状语so…that, such…that 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词, 修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或 副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。 比较 状语 Than/a s…as,not so/as…as/the more…the more 方式 状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as---so,as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/as,no matter what/who/which/how/when,whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ,whether---or---(不管 ----都) as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although和though 用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用 时间状语从句: when (当……的时候) while (在……期间) as (当……的时候, 一边……一边……) before (在……之前) since (自从……以来) till/until (直到) hardly…when… (刚……就) as soon as (一……就……)after (在……之后) not…till/until(直到……才)no sooner…than…( 刚……就)

(完整版)从句连接词判断方法

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引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句. 第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 (1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised me. (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. (3)Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet. (4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. (5)What caused the accident remains unknown. (6)Whatever you did is right. (7)Whose watch was lost is unknown. (8)What we need is time. (9)What we need are good doctors. 小结: (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 (2)连词位于句首不能省略 (3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9 第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末 (1)It is certain that he will win the match. (2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. (3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

状语从句知识点总结

状语从句知识点总结 一、初中英语状语从句 1.We all know that we won't enjoy good health ______ we often exercise. A.though B.if C.when D.unless 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意:我们都知道如果我们不经常锻炼,我们将不会享有好的健康。考查连词的用法。A. though虽然,尽管;B. if如果;C. when当......的时候;D. unless除非,如果不。根据句意:我们都知道如果我们不经常锻炼,我们将不会享有好的健康。只有D项符合题意。故选D。 【点睛】 主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。 常见的有以下四种情况: 一、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时 如:When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人 二、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时 如:Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时 如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room 在阅览室时应保持安静 四. 如果if的条件状语从句遇到变换间接和直接时 , 祈使句应用not to.... 如; She said not to close the window 常见的时间状语从句的连词有:as soon as,when,while ,as,until等。 2.---The two old friends were ____ busy ____ with each other that they forgot the time. ---Yes. They hadn’t met for over ten years, so they kept talking the whole night. A.too; to talk B.too; talking C.so; to talk D.so; talking; 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:这两个老朋友那么忙于交谈以至于忘了时间。是。他们十年多没见到了,所以他们聊了一晚上。考查句式so…that…因此……以至于……;be busy doing忙于做……,故选D。 考点:考查so…that句式。 3.Chen Wei isn’t at school today ________ he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.

【初中英语】状语从句完整归纳

【初中英语】状语从句完整归纳 一、初中英语状语从句 1.If the singer ______ to Zigong ______ September 20th, please call me. A.will get;on B.gets;on C.gets;in 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意:如果歌手9月20日到自贡,请给我打电话。 if引导的条件状语,时态要满足“主祈从现”,所以第一空是一般现在时态,主语单数,谓语动词变第三人称单数用gets;表示具体某一天用介词on。In用在一天中的上午,下午或晚上,用在季节,月份。根据题意,故选B。 【点睛】 if和unless引导的条件状语从句 主将从现常见的有以下几种情况: 一、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时 如:When I grow up,I’ll be a nurse and look after patients 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人 二、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时 如:Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我. 三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用现在进行时 如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room 在阅览室时应保持安静 2.— _______ good time we had at the party last night! — Yes. It was _______exciting party that I would never forget it. A.What; so B.How; such C.What a; such an D.How a; so an 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 试题分析:句意:昨天晚上我们在聚会上玩的是多么开心呀!是的,它是如此的令人兴奋以至于我永远不会忘记它。 第一句为感叹句,是对 a good time表示感叹,time为名词,所以用what来引导,第二句考查such+a/an+adj+n.+that句型结构,表示“如此……的一个东西……以至于”,故选C。 3.---Can students go online during lessons? ---They can’t ________ it is for that lesson. A.if B.unless C.until D.while

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