“六步法”突破高考英语书面表达word精品文档3页
“六步法”突破高考英语书面表达
它不同于命题作文，可以随意发挥；也不是简单句子翻译。必须做到行文切题，紧扣中心思想，不漏要点，并且意思连贯，文理通顺，语言准确、得当。经过十几年教学，笔者提出了自己“六步法”指导学生应对高考英语书面表达。
一看要求定要点
审题是高质量书面表达前提。第一要审文体。高考书面表达体裁主要有记叙文、说明文、应用文与议论文等。所以考生首先要准确确定文体。然后审格式。近几年高考书面表达格式以书信、求职信、通知与看图作文等为最多，考生对这些文体格式都应有明确认识，并熟练掌握。另外在开始构思之前，一定要认真阅读写作要求中所有信息，确定好基本时态。特别要注意人称使用。细读所提供信息与要求后，最好把需要表达全部内容要点写在草稿纸上，并标上序号，以免遗漏要点。列要点时，假如所给提示是图表，要从图表中找出需要表达信息要点，特别是细节，如事件背景、人物表情以及图画中汉字等。倘若有生词提示，一定要用上。以2019年3月潍坊市高考模拟考试书面表达为例：
假如你是新华中学学生李华，在最近举行市高中英语口语大赛中获得了一等奖。某英语报社邀请你写一份稿件，介绍你练习英语口语经验。稿件内容如下：1.树立自信，克服羞怯心理；2.多参加英语角活动；3.多看英语新闻（如CCTV-9）。注意：1.词数：120-150；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
通过阅读题目要求，确定本文人称要用第一人称，文体为发言稿。那么本文要点在题目中已经给出了：1.树立自信，克服羞怯心理；2.多参加英语角活动；3.多看英语新闻（如CCTV-9）。考生在稿纸上可以列出来了。
二思布局加谋篇
列出要点后，要思考本文段落问题，即谋篇布局。可以看出本文要分三段：第一，提出分享经验这件事；第二，自己一些做法，也就是本文要点：1.树立自信，克服羞怯心理；2.多参加英语角活动；3.多看英语新闻（如CCTV-9）；第三，总结性话语。
三列用词与句型
谋划好了文章段落以后，考生要根据每一段要点，列出要用到单词、短语及句型。如：本文第一段要用到：Li Hua，would like to do sth. ， share等。第二段根据要点要用到：confident，grasp every opportunity to do sth.， find it+宾补+宾语， take part in， English corner，English program， not only … but also，最后一段Practice make perfect.，reward，pay off等都可以上。
四组词句成语篇
列出自己要用词句与句型后，考生要根据自己积累，把罗列词、短语及句型连接成一段连贯
文章初稿。注意：考生要一段一段在稿纸上进行连词成语篇。考虑完一段再进行下一段行文研究。如：第一段就可以写出：I’m Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. Now I’d like to share my experience in practicing oral English.但第一个句子如果写成I’m Li Hua who is a student from Xinhua Middle School.就有让人有一种“画蛇添足”感觉。不要把简单意思复杂化。
五改错误与润色
这一步是写好英语作文关键。常见错误主要有：1.单词拼写错误多，单复数形式不当，词性不分。2.常见词汇尤其是动词运用错误，搭配不当。3.时态混乱，语态模糊。4.句子结构意识较差。5.出现大量汉式英语。6.语言连贯性差，缺少语言变换，如句与句之间缺少衔接，缺少逻辑关系。考生根据自己初稿，进行认真修改，避免不必要错误。
打动阅卷教师，获得高分关键就是对自己文章润色，使之文采飞扬。考生根据自己初稿，要对文章进行润色加工。加工润色包括使用高级词汇、使用较复杂结构与使用恰当连接词。
（1）使用高级词汇
①使用高级词汇要注意多实词少虚词。如good指人时可用以下形容词替换：kind，generous，selfless， brave， warm-hearted， sympathetic， honorable， humorous， smart， gentle 等；good指事物或事情时可用以下形容词替换：great， fantastic， splendid， marvelous，excellent， wonderful， meaningful， enjoyable等。如第二段中就可以用上：confident，brave， make mistakes， make friends。
②要短语优先。多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。如：We can no longer bear the way he speaks to our teacher.我们可以写成：We can no longer put up with the way he speaks to our teacher.
③要弃旧取新。写作中要恰当得体地使用高中学过、较长词汇。如：The students in our school have a lot of homework to do at the weekend.我们可以写成：The students in our school have endless homework to do at the weekend. ④要避免重复。尽量使用避免过多地使用某一个单词，必要时选择使用其他恰当同义词或词组来代替。上面例子中参加可以用：join， take part in， participate in等。
（2）使用较复杂结构。
①名词性从句：What is the most important is to have confidence and bravery.
②使用定语从句：I also find it of great benefit to take part in English corners，where I make many friends.
③使用倒装句：Through this channel， not only am I kept informed of the current events going on both at home and abroad， I also learn the standard pronunciation and intonation by repeated imitation.
高考不同类型的英语作文
1假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。 【例文】 Dear David, I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well. Hope to see you soon in Beijing. Yours, Wang Ming语言学习开放式 2健康对于我们每个人来说是非常重要的，但你的父母天天忙于工作而忽略了这个问题，你很为他们担忧。请你以此为话题，并结合提示给他们写一封信。 提示：1.要走路去上班，而不是开车或坐车； 2.每周至少去体育馆锻炼一次，或打球、或游泳； 3.饮食要健康； 4.不要工作太晚，要早休息。 要求：1.短文结构完整，意思连贯，语言流畅，语法准确，符合逻辑； 2.80—100词左右； 3.开头和结尾部分已给出，不计入总词数。 【例文】 Dear Dad(Mum), You’re so busy every day that you don’t pay much attention to your health. I’m worried about your health all the time. I’d like to give you some suggestions. I hear walking is the best sport. Your company isn’t far from home, is it? Why not walk to the office? You’d
突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达(有范文)
目录 突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达 (1) 第一讲提升英语写作的“三板斧” (3) 第二讲熟练写作的10类体裁 (18) 《突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达》 【高考命题规律】 1.语用目的——讲好中国故事，增强文化自信 高考书面表达的情境设置真实，任务要求符合考生能力水平，又自然融入了我国优秀传统文化的内容，能够引导考生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。 2.文体形式——以应用文为主，主要考查书信/电子邮件 从近几年高考全国卷来看，书面表达主要考查应用文，其中以电子邮件为主，邀请信、告知信、介绍类书信考查较多，只有2018年全国卷Ⅱ考查了书面通知。电子邮件是生活中最常用的应用文体，近几年来，当仁不让地成为了命题专家的最爱，而这也符合了高考“重考查深度更重考查广度”、“贴近生活”的趋势特点。 3.提示类型——以提纲作文为主，试题的开放性越来越强 近几年高考书面表达主要以提纲作文为主，但提示越来越简洁，试题的开放性逐渐增强。(半)开放性体现在试题既为考生提供了恰当的提示，又留有供其自由发挥的空间，既让低水平的考生有话可写，又让高水平考生有展现自己语言表达能力的机会，保证试卷的区分度。 【掌握备考策略】 ●普通作文VS高分作文——找出差距才能目标明确
●高考书面表达评分细则——各省可能根据情况稍有不同 1.本题满分为25分，按5个档次给分。如果是第四档(16-20分)，那么就给18分。好处是：阅卷教师们“没有风险”，怎么都说得过去。坏处是：低分下不去，高分上不来。 2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。 4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5.评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将其分数降低一个档次。 ●书面表达评价表——自我评价与同伴互评 写作训练时，教师评价和修改虽重要，但自我评价和同伴互评效果更佳，可以借鉴下表进行自我评价和同伴互评。
全国各地高考英语书面表达范文汇总(9套)
全国各地高考英语书面表达汇总9套 新课标I卷 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教MS Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。 示例1 Dear Ms Jenkins, I'm Li Hua from your English writing class last term. I'm writing to ask for your help. I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume. However, I am not quite sure of the language and the format I've used. I know you have a very busy schedule, but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment. Thank you for your kindness! Yours, Li Hua 示例2 Dear Ms Jenkins, I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor. In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign
2020全国高考英语作文热点话题作文(10篇)
2016高考英语作文热点话题作文 1、低碳生活现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。 提示词语：be good for, everyone, ride a bike, think, make a difference, environment, suggest, reuse ★范文 Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place。 2. 假如你是Li Lin，你的英国笔友Eric来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾(thick haze)，情况如何。请按提示写一封不少于60词的电子邮件回复他。要求卷面整洁书写工整;内容可在包含要点的基础上适当发挥。 提示：1. 感谢他的关心; 2. 介绍:(1)去年冬天有多次雾霾; (2)空气被严重污，危害：车祸，生病等; 3. 正采取各种举措减少其发生。 Dear Erik, I’m glad to receive your letter. You asked if there is thick haze in my hometown. Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. There was heavy haze last winter. The air is badly polluted. Many traffic accidents happened and more and more people have to go to see the doctor because of the smog. People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. The government suggests people to go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees. According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply.
高中英语试题解析高考英语书面表达分析指导(三)
2009年高考书面表达分析指导（三） 第三篇写初稿 要点列出后，就可以着手写初稿了。写作时，应考虑以下问题： 一、句子的正确性 正确性是句子最基本的要求，比如及物动词要接宾语，应接动名词的动词后不能接不定式，如admit 等。常见的句子错误有： 1. 结构不完整我们学过简单句的六种基本类型： 1. S+V（主语+谓动）； 2. S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语）; 3.S+V+0（主语+谓动+宾语）; 4. S+V+0i+0d（主语+谓动+间接宾语+直接宾语）; 5. S+V+O+Oc（主语+谓动+宾语+宾补）； 6. There be 句型。 结构不完整是指句子的成分残缺，不符合上述六种基本句型的要求。例如： I ' d like to friends with you缺少动词，friends 前应力卩be 或make） En glish is so i nteresti ng that I like very much. （like 为及物动词，后缺少宾语，应补上it） He kn ocked the door quietly, so I did n （kno'ckt 为e不及物动词，不能直接 接宾语，需使用介词at） The teacher expla ined us the senten ce. （explai 不能接双宾语，向某人解释某事”为explain to sb. sth. 或explain sth to sb.） They supplied us some new computers. （suppl 不能接双宾语，为某人提供某 物”为supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to sb.） 2. 不合乎语法规则 正确的句子必须是合乎语法规范、无语法错误的句子，既要合乎词法，又要合乎句法。中学生常犯的词法错误有：名词数、格的错误;形容词、副词级别、词序错误;动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词错误等。例如： You can find a lot of informations on the Internet. （information 为不可数名词，没有复数形式） Which is the second longer river in China? （第二长的”应使用最高级，即the second longest） He is eno ugh tall to pick the apples on the tree. （enoug 修饰形容词或畐寸词时应后置） How many satellites did China send up so far?与so far连用应使用完成时） My hometown grows cotton. （该句应使用被动语态，改为：Cotton is grown in my hometown.） To have no money with me, I didn a c ny t hbinugy. （不定式作状语只能表示目 的，或与only连用表示意外的结果。此处表示原因，应使用现在分词，改为：Havi ng no money with me, …）
高考英语书面表达分类汇编
1.北京 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，15 分）第一节情景作文（20 分） 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇周记。记述爸爸出差期间，妈妈生病，你照顾她的过程。 注意： 1. 周记的开头已经为你写好。 2. 词数不少于 60. Last Monday, 第二节开放作文（15 分）请根据下面提示。写一篇作文。词数不少于 50. You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.
第一节：情景作文 北京卷情景作文延续了之前的传统，仍然以四幅图的记叙文写作为出题点。在内容上，并没有超出五大主题，即“校园拓展类、好人好事类、社会公益类、旅游接待类、家庭生活类”的范围。图画内容比较简单，四幅图中并没有出现超纲或者生僻词汇。可以说，本次考题属于难度较低的考场作文。考生在写作时，重点关注两个细节即可：1. 本文的体裁是周记，所以整篇文章的主语是“我”，而不是“我们”；2. 周记要求在写作时，多出现心理活动描写和感情描写。主要能注意这两点，相信考生可以在考场上写出一篇不错的考场作文。 高分范文： LastMonday, my father would be on a business trip for five days.Having gotten my promise of being great at home and taking care of my mother,he rest assured and put his luggage into the trunk of his car. Seeing my father’sdriving away, my mother and I waved our hands and said goodbye to him. For amoment, I began to miss my father, wishing that he would be safe and well thenext days。 I thoughteverything would go well, as this was not the first time that my father had beenaway for several days. Yet, unfortunately, my mother caught a cold the nextmorning. Looking at her pale face, I experienced high levels of anxiety.However, I told myself that I had to calm down and look after my mum, as Ipromised to my dad. The moment I got my mum to sleep, I put cold towel on herforehead, found pills in the medicine box, and made some noodles for her. Luckily,she waked up and felt better, after taking the pills and the noodles. That herfever was gone relieved and satisfied me a lot。 In the nextfour days, I was taking her body temperature twice a day, ensuring that she wascompletely well. To our delight, my dad went back home safely and healthily onSaturday. On hearing what I had done to my mum, he, as well as my mum,
高考英语书面表达(写作)经典范文大全(14个类型)
高考英语书面表达经典范文大全（14个类型） Part One: 提纲式作文： 1. 假设你是一名新闻记者，请根据以下表格信息给英语报社写一篇新闻报道。 【参考范文】 The H1N1 flu broke out in Mexico in April this year and it has spread to many countries in the world. To our disappointment, by the afternoon on August 30, 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported in a school in Henan province, resulting in the fact that all the middle schools there had to delay the new term. Fortunately, it is estimated by the experts that the death rate of the H1N1 flu virus is lower than 1%, still lower when compared with that of SARS and bird flu. The best way they give the public to prevent it is to wash hands more often, drink more water and have enough sleep. With the help of our government, we believe that we are able to win the battle against the disease. 【好词好句】 1. To our disappointment, 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported... , resulting in the fact that .... 2. It is estimated by the experts that...when compared with... 2. 据报道中国每年都会发生几十万起交通事故, 许多人都因此而丧生.请针对这一社会问题按以下要点写一篇短文。 1. 描述此社会问题； 2. 造成此状况的主要原因(2至3个原因)； 3. 提出解决的办法（2个） 注意: 1.词数100左右 2.可适当发挥,以使行文连贯 【参考范文】 It is reported that many people lose their lives annually in China, owing to hundreds of thousands of traffic accidents. Several factors account for the serious problem. Firstly, the fast growing number of private cars contribute to heavy traffic jams, making it likely for car accidents to happen. Secondly, drunk driving may be a deadly killer. Thirdly, some drivers ignore the speed limit and drive too fast. Faced with this severe problem, the government should take firm action to decrease the accidents. In my view, it would be a good idea to develop public transportation. Meanwhile, we should appeal to people to follow traffic rules, and get tough with drunk drivers. Only in this way can we create a harmonious world and enjoy a happier life. 【好词好句】
高考英语满分作文10篇
2002年高考英语满分作文（十篇） 作文题目 最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票?请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。 注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。 2．词数：100左右。 3．参考词汇：门票---entrance fee Dear Editor． I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entranc e fee should be charged for parks． 满分作文（一） Dear editor, I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entra nce fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fe e do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where th e public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If a n entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a g ate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us school mates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. T he money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buy ing some other kinds of flowers and trees. With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protec t a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor? Yours truly, Li Hua 满分作文（二） Dear editor, I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entranc e fee should be charged for parks. Sixty students out of one hundred think that an entr ance fee should not be bought before one enters a park, for it is a place for the public t o go to when they are free. If a ticket must be bought, a gate and walls have to be buil t for a park, which will make a city look ugly. Forty students out of one hundred thin k that an entrance fee should be bought before one enters a park, but that the price o f the ticket should be reasonable. Money that is got from ticket selling can be used t
高考英语书面表达题型分析
高考英语书面表达题型分析 书面表达是历年高考英语的重点主观测试题之一，它有利于考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力，这种综合能力包括从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法，从遣词造句、把握要领、谋篇布局到修辞风格等。该题在高考英语卷中占25分，约占全卷分值17%，是重要题型。而在听、说、读、写四项技能中，“写”是最令学生头疼，有些学生对书面表达题束手无策，无从下手。在日常的书面表达作业处理上，很多老师不注重及时给予批改或提供反馈信息；而在平常的考试测验中书面表达题很多时候被老师们看成是“调节剂”，即根据试卷的难易程度来判分，间接导致学生不能客观对待自己的写作能力。在对书面表达的订正往往老师仅局限与把范文读给学生听或张贴。久而久之学生对写作持敷衍态度，良好的写作习惯没有养成，导致书面表达题又成为高考失分的主要方面。 因此，在高中阶段尤其是在高三备考阶段的英语教学中，如何进行有针对性的强化训练和学法指导，培养学生的英语书面表达能力是极为重要的。 一、高考书面表达题型分析 高考书面表达旨在考查学生的书面运用语言的能力，看其是否能运用所学的知识和所掌握的技能进行思想交流。从历年的书面表达题来看，要求所写的题目形式多样，有记叙文(Narration)、说明文(Exposition)、描写文(Description)、日记(Diary)、书信(Letter) 、通知(Notice)和便条(Note)等等，所涉及的内容繁多。根据《高考英语科考试说明》，书面表达的题目要求考生根据所给情景（包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等）和提供的形式（图画、图表、提纲等）写一篇100字的短文，文章要切中题意，语言要准确得当，条理清楚。在体裁与题材上要多加注意。 本文就怎样做好书面表达题提出本人的几点看法。 【样题】假设你是李华，你上个星期去市图书馆看书发现以下问题，你写信向馆长Mr.Li 反映： 1、新书太少； 2、书架上的书比较混乱； 3、阅览室的一盏灯坏了； 4、管理员工作时彼此闲聊。 注意： 1、词数100左右； 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3、信的开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
高考英语书面表达分类精练
（一）掌握技巧： （1）注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。 （2）确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释、扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： ①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 ③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。 （二）巧用连接词 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词。 表示罗列增加 First, second, third；First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other han d, Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular, 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, 表示并列关系 or, an d, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor 表示因果关系 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore,
2020年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题五书面表达任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(三)精品
【关键字】活动、作文、英语、要点、发现、研究、支撑、环境、标准、任务、关系、取决于、规范 任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(三) (限时40分钟) Ⅰ.任务型阅读 (2017·南京、盐城高三二模)“HELL is a city much like London，” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers (居民) have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear —until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-res onance imaging (机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress. In Dr Meye r-Lindenberg's first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25－40% ). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure. The city people's general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas (杏仁核) and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (前扣带皮层，简称pACC)．People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person's childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment. The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the h ere-and-now while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows
2018年高考英语作文汇总
●2018年全国卷I 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 到达时间； 2. 合适的礼物； 3. 餐桌礼仪。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Terry, How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writ ing to inform you of some relevant details. To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting. Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, like a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food. Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua ●2018年全国卷II 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括： 1. 短片内容：学校的发展； 2. 放映时间、地点； 3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Notice In order to have a better understanding of our school, an outstanding English short movie about our school will be shown in the library from 2:30 to 4:00 in the afternoon on June 9th. It is organized by the Student Union. Here are some relevant details about it. To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school. As we all expect, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting. What’s more, every one of you will be welcome to take part (participate) in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments. The Student Union June 8, 2018●2018年全国卷III 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括： 1. 学校的体育场馆； 2. 主要的运动项目； 3. 你喜欢的项目。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter,