高二《芳香烃和卤代烃》练习题 2

高二《芳香烃和卤代烃》练习题 2
高二《芳香烃和卤代烃》练习题 2

《芳香烃和卤代烃》练习题

1.下列实验要取得成功不需加热的是

A .制乙烯

B .制硝基苯

C .制溴苯

D .制乙炔

2.5.下列卤代烃发生消去后,可以得到两种烯烃的是( )

A .1-氯丁烷

B .氯乙烷

C .2-氯丁烷

D .2-甲基-2-溴丙烷

3.下列卤代烃能发生消去反应的是( )

A .CH 3Br

B .CH 3

C CH 33Br C .C CH 3

CH 3CH 3CH 2Br

D .CH 3C CH 3CH 3

CHBr C CH 3CH 3CH 3 4.卤化烃能够发生下列反应2CH 3CH 2Br + 2Na

3CH 2CH 2CH 3 + 2NaBr ,下列有机物可合成环戊烷的是( )

A .CH 2BrCH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2Br

B .CH 3CHBrCH 2CH 2CH 2CHBr

C .CH 3CH 2CHBrCH 2CH 2CH 2Br

D .CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2Br 5.由2-氯丙烷制得少量的

CH 2CH CH 3OH 需要经过下列几步反应( ) A .加成→消去→取代

B .消去→加成→水解

C .取代→消去→加成

D .消去→加成→消去

6 .1-溴丙烷与2-溴丙烷分别和氢氧化钠的醇溶液混和加热,则( )

A .产物相同 B.产物不同

C.碳氢键断裂的位置不同

D.碳溴键断裂的位置相同

7.以溴乙烷为原料制备1,2-二溴乙烷,下列方案中最合理的是[ D ]

8、下列实验中,需要使用温度计但温度计不用插入液面下的是:

A 、实验室制取硝基苯

B 、实验室分馏石油

C 、食盐的蒸发

D 、溴乙烷和NaOH 水溶液加热反应

9、下列物质中,所有原子一定都在同一平面的是:

A 、丙烯

B 、苯乙烯

C 、乙炔

D 、氯乙烷

10、由2-氯丙烷制取少量1,2-丙二醇时,需要经过下列哪几步反应:

A 、加成→消去→取代

B 、消去→加成→取代

C 、取代→消去→加成

D 、消去→加成→消去

11、下列有机物中,能发生消去反应生成2种烯烃,又能发生水解反应的是:

A 、2-溴丁烷

B 、2-甲基-3-氯戊烷

C 、2,2-二甲基-1-氯丁烷

D 、1,3-二氯苯

12、为检验某卤代烃(R-X)中的X元素,下列操作:(1)加热煮沸;(2)加入AgNO3溶液;(3)取少量该卤代烃;(4)加入足量稀硝酸酸化;(5)加入NaOH溶液;(6)冷却。正确的操作顺序是:

A、(3) (1) (5) (6) (2) (4)

B、(3) (5) (1) (6) (4) (2)

C、(3) (2) (1) (6) (4) (5)

D、(3) (5) (1) (6) (2) (4)

13. 能够鉴定氯乙烷中氯元素的存在的操作是()

A.在氯乙烷中直接加入AgNO3溶液

B.加蒸馏水,充分搅拌后,加入AgNO3溶液

C.加入NaOH溶液,加热后加入稀硫酸酸化,然后加入AgNO3溶液

D.加入NaOH的乙醇溶液,加热后加入AgNO3溶液

14.下列卤代烃不能发生消去反应生成相同碳原子数的烃的是()

A.氯仿B.碘乙烷 C.1,2—二氯乙烷D.(CH3)3CCH2Br

15.下列卤代烃中,能发生消去反应的是()A.CH3Cl B.CH3CH2-C(CH3)2CH2Br C.CH3CH2-C(CH3)2Cl D.CH2Br-C(CH3)3 16.某学生将1—氯乙烷与NaOH溶液共热几分钟后,冷却,滴入AgNO3溶液,结果未见到白色沉淀生成,其主要原因是()

A.加热时间太短 B.不应冷却后再加入AgNO3

C.加AgNO3溶液前未用稀HNO3酸化 D.反应后的溶液中不存在Cl—

17.卤代烃的取代反应,实质是带负电荷的原子团取代了卤代烃中的卤原子,例如:

CH3Br+OH-(或NaOH)→CH3OH+Br-(或NaBr)。

下列反应的化学方程式中,不正确的是()

A.CH3CH2Br+NaHS→CH3CH2HS+NaBr

B.CH3I+CH3ONa→CH3O CH3+NaI

C.CH3CH2Cl+CH3ONa→CH3Cl+CH3CH2ONa

D.CH3CH2Cl+CH3CH2ONa→(CH3CH2)2O+NaCl

18、分子式为C10H14的苯的同系物,其苯环上有4个甲基,符合条件的结构有:

A、2种

B、3种

C、4种

D、5种

19、0.2 mol某烃A在氧气中完全燃烧后,生成CO2和H2O各1.2 mol。试回答:

(1) 烃A的分子式为_____________。

(2) 若取一定量的该烃A完全燃烧后,生成CO2和H2O各3 mol,则有 g烃A参加了反应,燃烧时消耗标准状况下的氧气___________L。

(3) 若烃A不能使溴水褪色,但在一定条件下能与氯气发生取代反应,其一氯取代物只有一种,则烃A的结构简式为__________________。

(4) 若烃A能使溴水褪色,在催化剂作用下,与H2加成,其加成产物经测定分子中含有4个甲基,烃A可能有的结构简式为。

(5) 比烃A少一个碳原子且能使溴水褪色的A的同系物有________种同分异构体。

20、有机化学中的反应类型较多,将下列反应归类(填序号)。

①由乙炔制氯乙烯②乙烷在空气中燃烧③乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色

④乙烯使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色⑤由乙烯制聚乙烯

⑥甲烷与氯气在光照的条件下反应⑦溴乙烷和氢氧化钠乙醇溶液共热

⑧溴乙烷和氢氧化钠溶液共热

其中属于取代反应的是________;属于氧化反应的是.________;属于加成反应的是.________;属消去反应的是________;属于聚合反应的是__________ 。

21、工业合成是一个需要经历多步反应的过程,我们常用的塑料包装绳(主要成分为聚氯乙烯就是通过多步反应生产出来的。

现在有1,2-二溴乙烷,氢氧化钠醇溶液、二氧化锰、锌粒、稀硫酸等主要原料,请您设计反应的步骤得到聚氯乙烯,将每一步反应的化学方程式写出:

_______________________________________________________________

22.

(1)A的结构简式是,名称是。

(2)①的反应类型是,③的反应类型是。

(3)反应④的化学方程式是

23.某化学课外小组用右图装置制取溴苯。先向分液漏斗中加入苯和液溴,再将混合液慢慢滴入

反应器A(A下端活塞关闭)中。

(1)写出A中反应的化学方程式:

(2)观察到A中的现象是

(3)实验结束时,打开A下端的活塞,让反应液流入B中,充分振

荡,目的是,写出有关的化学方程式

(4)C中盛放CCl4的作用是。

(5)能证明苯和液溴发生的是取代反应,而不是加成反应,可向试管D中加入AgNO3溶液,若产生淡黄色沉淀,则能证明。另一种验证的方法是向试管D中加入,现象是24、下面是八个有机化合物的转换关系

请回答下列问题:

(1)根据系统命名法,化合物A的名称是。

(2)上述框图中,①是反应,③是反应。(填反应类别)

(3)化合物E是重要的工业原料,写出由D生成E的化学方程式

(4)C2的结构简式是。F1的结构简式是。F1和F2互为。

(5)上述八个化合物中,属于二烯烃的是。二烯烃的通式是。

19、(2x6=12分)⑴ C6H12;⑵ 42,100.8;⑶;

⑷ (CH3)3CCH=CH2或CH2=C(CH3)CH(CH3)2或 (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2;⑸ 5

20、⑥⑧;②④;①③;⑦;⑤

22、(1(2)取代反应;加成反应

23.(本题共12分)

(1)C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr↑

(2)反应液微沸有红棕色气体充满A容器

(3)除去溶于溴苯中的溴

Br2+ 2NaOH → NaBr + NaBrO + H2O

或2Br2+ 6NaOH → 5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O

(4)除去溴化氢气体中的溴蒸气

石蕊试液,溶液变红色(其他合理答案都给

24 解析:这是一道烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃之间相互转化的框图题,在考查烷烃的取代和烯烃、二烯烃的加成基础上,重点考查了卤代烃发生消去反应这一性质,解题的关键是根据反应的条件确定

反应的类型及产物。转化过程为:A(烷烃)卤代烃单烯烃二溴代烃

二烯烃 1,4加成产物或1,2加成产物。

答案:(1)2,3-二甲基丁烷

(2)取代加成

(3)

4),,同分异构体

(5) E , CnH2n-2 (n≥3)

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