江苏高考英语篇阅读翻译
2014江苏英语高考一篇较难的文章(C篇）的翻译
目前网上还没有这篇文章的中文翻译，我花了一些时间把这个搞出来，以作参考，希望能对大家有用。
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behavior on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviorally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioral response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behavior: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behavior: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.
This approach-and-confront behavior is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
翻译：
愤怒最大的危害在于它会让你失去理智并掌制你的行为。人愤怒时，会失去客观性而对让
其生气的环境因素产生误判或误解他人的行为及意图。
每个人愤怒的原因不一样，让一个人愤怒的事可能会让另一个人觉得有趣好玩。从生物及文化层面来讲，每个人愤怒时具体的表现形式都不太一样。在当代文化中，一个人的行为对周围的人产生了危害性并让人无法忍受时，就可以认为他愤怒了。当某个人意识到被羞辱时，现今的人们已经不会再认为去决斗是一种切合时宜的表达愤怒的方式了。
由于大脑电波活动会变化，所以愤怒可在大脑中被识别出来。在大部分情况下，脑电图活动图像在左右额叶前部区域表现得很均衡，这跟我们大部分人在绝大部分时间所表现出的平和意向是一致的。但是，当我们愤怒的时候，左右额叶前部区域的脑电图就会波动，并且会对此作出相应的反馈。我们对于愤怒的行为回应跟对其它情绪的回应是不一样的，不论这种情绪是积极还是消极的。
大部分积极的情绪跟趋向行为有关联。例如，我们往往会更靠近我们喜欢的人。对比之下，大部份消极情绪跟回避行为有关。例如，我们往往会远离我们不喜欢或让我们焦虑的人或事物。但是愤怒跟上面两种行为不是一个类别。我们越愤怒，我们越有可能更靠近让我们愤怒的人或事物。这正好应证了心理学家所称的“攻击性愤怒”：为了左右并控制让我们愤怒的人或事物，我们会更加靠近他们。这种对抗行为伴随着偏左的额叶前部非对称脑电图活动。有趣的是，当你生气时，如果另一个人对你的愤怒作出回应，且产生共鸣，那么这种不对称性便会减轻。在与之对应的“防御性愤怒”中，这种不对称性指向于右边，愤怒的人在面对激起愤怒情绪的状况时会感到无助。
2017年江苏卷英语阅读参考译文
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 江苏卷 第三部分阅读理解 A
B 婴儿在出生之间便能够区别大的声响和声音的不同。他们甚至可以将母亲和其他陌生女性的声音区分开来。但如果说到胎教的话，鸟类却要更胜一筹。近日，来自期刊《AUK——鸟类学研究前沿》的报告称，一些成年雌鸟在其幼鸟尚未孵化之前便能够教幼鸟“唱歌”。幼鸟在出生几天后不久便可以模仿雌鸟的叫声。 这种教育方法由来是南澳大利亚的弗林德斯大学的生物学家SoniaKleindorfer和她的同事们于2012年首次观察到的。他们发现雌性澳洲壮丽细尾鹪鹩在孵化幼鸟时会反复发出同一种鸣叫。当雏鸟被孵化出来后，它们会向雌鸟发出十分相似的声音——好像在说“喂我”。 为了验证这种特殊能力在鸟类世界是否具有普遍性，研究人员选择红背壮丽细尾鹪鹩，另一种澳洲自产的会鸣叫的鸟，进一步进行研究。首先，他们在分布于昆士兰州4个地点的67个鸟巢中收集了幼鸟孵化前后的声音数据。然后，他们通过分析声音数据的顺序和次数来识别幼鸟发出的求食声。他们利用计算机分析软件随机比较了来自母鸟和幼鸟的叫声，并根据相似度进行排序。 研究发现，红背壮丽短尾鹪鹩的幼鸟也会发出像母鸟那样的叫声。如果母鸟对鸟蛋所发出的叫声越频繁，那么孵化后的幼鸟所发出的求食声便会和母鸟越相似。除此之外，研究团队还做了一个单独的实验，该实验结果表明那些模仿母鸟叫声更像的幼鸟会得到更多的食物。
这一观察所隐含的意思在于，有效的胎教可以将婴儿优质的神经系统信号传递给父母。因此，这一研究可以得到一个关于进化的推论，即“作为父母，你会选择投资那些更优秀的孩子还是那些需要帮助的孩子？”K leindorfer问道。“我们的实验结果表明父母可能会选择更优秀的孩子。” C 如果一种新商品使得其行业的利润过高且增长过快，那么反垄断监管者便需要介入并查明是谁在控制这一商品流。一个世纪之前，石油便是这一问题的源头。如今从事数据交易的巨头们则引发了人们类似的担心，因为数据即是数据时代的“石油”。谷歌、亚马逊、脸书和微软是当今最具价值的企业，且所有这些公司看起来都势不可挡。 这种现状导致有人呼吁这些科技巨头应该解体，但规模本身并没有罪过，因为巨头们的成功是得益于消费者们。很少有人想要生活在一个没有搜索引擎或者快递的时代。他们的要价并不算高，且多数服务还是免费的(实际上, 用户没有付钱, 但付了更多的数据)。此外, 新兴巨头的出现表明新来者可以引发轰动。 但是, 事必有因。因特网使得数据变得丰富、实时且更具价值，这改变了数据和竞争的本质。谷歌最开始是使用收集用户的数据来推送广告。但是近年来, 谷歌发现数据可以转化为新的服务, 如翻译和视觉识别, 并把这些服务出售给其他企业。互联网企业的数据控制权给了这些企业以巨大的力量。因此, 互联网企业在其自身的市场和其他市场的发展动向就像有一双“上帝之眼”。
2015江苏高考英语任务型阅读译文(邳州刘琦翻译)
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward. In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health. 人们在选择新闻的时候都希望从中得到回报。这种回报有两种类型。其一，被Freud称之为娱乐回报原则；其二，是现实回报原则；换一种更好听一点的名字，可以将他们分别称之为即时回报和延迟回报。 总的来讲，能够得到即时回报的新闻往往包括犯罪、贪污、交通事故、自然灾害、体育、社会重大事件以及人们津津乐道的话题。而延迟回报则往往和公众事件、经济、社会问题、科学、教育以及健康等方面的行为有关。 News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs. 读第一种类型的新闻，得到的回报是即时的。读这类新闻，读者无需经历任何危险或压力而获取直接经验：面对手持利斧的杀人犯而颤栗；也会对飓风灾难中人们的生死安危或同情或担忧；同样也会把自己列为比参赛中的获胜方而欢呼；读到关于孩子或狗狗的温情故事，也会为之动容，露出会心的笑容。 News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.”It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. 然而读第一种类型的新闻，得到的回报却是延迟的，非直接的。它有时会要求读者去忍受各种不快与烦恼：如日益紧张的外交局势、节节攀升的国家债务、不断升高的各项税收、疲软的市场、紧张的住房、癌症凡此种种。这样就产生了一种“威胁价值”。此类新闻对读者起到了一种告知和预警的作用。一旦读者选择了延迟类的新闻，他就会全身心地投入现实世界之中，而要想在现实世界中立足，唯有通过艰辛的努力才能实现。但读者如果选择了第一种新闻，即即时回报类新闻，他往往会从具有威胁性的现实世界转向充满梦想的理想世界。 For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect
江苏高考英语篇翻译
Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free.
全文翻译 2019年江苏卷英语试题 高考英语试题真题解析
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(江苏卷) 全文翻译 （网页可能显示排版重叠实际文档无重叠） 完形填空 Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36 disappearing ___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37 save ___ the species from going out of existence. Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38 reproduction ___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their ___39 care ___ since she arrived in 2004. Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40 raised ___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41 consequence ___, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42 never ___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43 refused ___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44 reputation ___ for killing some of them, which made it ___45 impossible ___ for her to become a mother. ___46 However ___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a ___47 combination ___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48 enabled ___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes. The two keepers are proud of their productive work. 完形填空 在当代，野生动物已经受到了极大的威胁。每天有36个物种（物种）正在消失。白头鹤就是一个典型的例子。因此，科学家们正在竭尽全力拯救这个物种，使其不至于灭绝。 克里斯和蒂姆在动物园工作，他们帮助濒危的鹤繁殖。一只叫艾玛（Emma）的雌鹤，自2004年来到动物园后，就一直受到他们的照顾。 艾玛出生在一个国际鹤类基金会，由人类看护者抚养长大。尽管她在那里度过了一段美好的时光，但是这导致了一个意想不到的结果。艾玛从来没有把自己当做一只鹤，并对人类产生了深深的感情。她拒绝与雄性鹤一起生活，甚至还因为杀死一些雄性鹤而名声大噪，这让她无法成为母亲。 但是，两位动物园管理员不希望看到这种珍贵的物种灭绝。在他们的耐心和努力下，他们成功地开发出了人工繁殖和自然繁殖相结合的方法。这使得Emma生下了5只鹤宝宝。 两位饲养员为他们的成果感到自豪。但是，在这之前，他们必须做出更
2013年江苏高考英语阅读理解真题翻译和结构分析
2013年江苏高考英语阅读理解真题 翻译和结构分析 A 注：Canada's Wonderland是多伦多最大的游乐场，也是个过山车乐园。
56. The leaflet is to inform visitors of the Park’s _____. 这个宣传页是用来告知游客这个公园的： A. advanced management 先进的管理 B. thrill performances令人感到惊悚的表演 C. entertainment facilities游乐设施 D. thoughtful services贴心的服务 分析：advanced（形容词：先进的，高级的，晚期的，年老的）,thrill（动词：使…激动，使…紧张，使…感到兴奋或激动，颤抖，感到兴奋，感到紧张；名词：激动，颤振，紧
张）,entertainment（名词：娱乐，消遣，款待），thoughtful（形容词：深思的，体贴的，关切的）都是重要短语，请牢记。和advanced有关的词有：advance（名词：发展，前进，增长；动词：提出，预付，使…前进，将…提前，前进，进展，上涨）,advancement（名词：前进，进步，提升）,和thrill有关的词有thriller（名词：惊险小说，使人毛骨悚然的东西，使人毛骨悚然的小说）,thrilling（形容词：毛骨悚然的，令人兴奋的，颤动的）,thrilled（形容词：非常高兴的，极为激动的）等，和entertainment有关的词有entertain （动词：娱乐，招待，怀抱，容纳，款待）等。 57. A visitor to the Park can _____. 到公园参观的游客可以： A. rent a stroller outside Front Gate在前门出租赁婴儿车 B. ask for first aid by Thunder Run在Thunder Run旁边寻求紧急救助 C. smoke in the Water Park在水上乐园吸烟 D. leave his pet at KidZville把宠物寄养在KidZville 分析：A选项应该把outside改成inside,C选项Water Park是不允许吸烟的，D选项只能把宠物寄养在南门。B选项这个地点是可以的，因为紧急救助在任何场合都可进行。 B We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service). 翻译：我们认为付费插队有几种方法：雇人专门排队，从黄牛手里买票，或者直接从航空公司或者游乐园购买插队特权。这些交易用为得到快速服务而付费的市场道德代替了遵章守纪的排队原则。 结构分析：本段由两句组成，它们都是简单句。第一句中的cut in line意思是：插队，加塞。line standers是指那些专门为有需求的人排队并获取报酬的人。Stander是在动词stand 的后面加er构成的。Scalpers指的是那些哄抬票价并高价售出获利的人，此词的最初含义是“雕刻刀，剥头皮的人”，现在专指那些黄牛党。至于剥头皮和黄牛党有何关联，有这样的说法：剥头皮是一种外汇交易手法。剥头皮是指：利用网络延迟，如果交易平台的价格变化滞后于通过其它途径看到的行情，那么相当于拥有了“预知未来”的能力。通过这种网络数据
2017年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(江苏卷)
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2016年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(江苏卷)
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