最新英语阅读-经济学人文章三篇

IF THE Federal Reserve eases monetary policy again at its meeting on 1

September 13th, as I expect, it will be its most meticulously debated, 2

planned and scrutinised move in recent memory. The case for action has 3

been apparent at least since the spring when it became clear the economy 4

would underperform the Fed's repeatedly lowered economic forecasts. Yet 5

Ben Bernanke spent much of the press conference following the Fed's 6

meeting in June, when it extended Operation Twist (the purchase of 7

long-term bonds financed by selling short-term bonds) on the defensive 8

over why the Fed hadn't done more. In August, it again chose not to pull 9

the trigger. But it did release a statement that hinted the point was 10

drawing near. The minutes to that meeting released three weeks later 11

suggested it would take an immediate and powerful improvement in the 12

economy to stay the Fed's hand.

When Mr Bernanke made his annual appearance at the Kansas City Fed's 15

economic symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, today, the world was 16

wondering whether he would send a definitive sign that action was coming.

He did not, merely repeating the key sentence from the August statement, 18

that the Fed "will provide additional policy accommodation as needed to 19

promote a stronger economic recovery." This should not have been 20

surprising; Fed chairmen don't like to front-run the Federal Open Market 21

Committee.

Mr Bernanke had a different goal than signaling to Wall Street. Pressure 24

on the Fed has become intense in the last year, from hawks and 25

conservatives (not necessarily, but increasingly, the same) who think the 26

Fed has done all it can do and going further risks inflation, monetisation 27

of the debt, and a loss of credibility for the central bank; and from doves 28

and liberals who accuse Mr Bernanke of having shirked his responsibility 29

and his own prior advice to the Bank of Japan by not more aggressively 30

using the tools and alternative frameworks available to boost employment.

That this debate has unfolded against the backdrop of a tight and divisive 32

presidential election has only raised the stakes, because it meant no 33

matter what the Fed does, one party will accuse it of having helped the 34

other win.

Since Mr Bernanke could not escape criticism regardless of what the Fed 37

did, tactically he was best served by waiting until the case for action 38

was unambiguous, unsurprising and, most important, well articulated. The 39

data have made the case unambiguous: employment and growth are weak and 40

inflation by the Fed's preferred measure has edged down. By September 13th, 41

it will certainly be unsurprising. Mr Bernanke's task today was to 42

articulate the case.

Mr Bernanke has always said the test was whether the benefits of more 45

"quantitative easing" (QE)—the purchase of assets by printing money 46

—exceeded the costs. This is what he did today. On the benefits, he said 47

studies that show the Fed's two previous rounds of QE (large scale asset 48

purchases, or LSAPs in Fed jargon) plus Operation Twist had lowered 49

Treasury yields by 80 to 120 basis points. They have also led to 50

"significant declines in the yields on both corporate bonds...[and] 51

substantial reductions in MBS yields and retail mortgage rates. LSAPs also 52

appear to have boosted stock prices, presumably both by lowering discount 53

rates and by improving the economic outlook." On the economic impact, he 54

reported:

“

If we are willing to take as a working assumption that the effects of 58

easier financial conditions on the economy are similar to those observed 59

historically, then econometric models can be used to estimate the effects 60

of LSAPs on the economy. Model simulations conducted at the Federal 61

Reserve generally find that the securities purchase programs have 62

provided significant help for the economy. For example, a study using the 63

Board's FRB/US model of the economy found that, as of 2012, the first two 64

rounds of LSAPs may have raised the level of output by almost 3 percent 65

and increased private payroll employment by more than 2 million jobs, 66

relative to what otherwise would have occurred. The Bank of England has 67

used LSAPs in a manner similar to that of the Federal Reserve, so it is 68

of interest that researchers have found the financial and macroeconomic 69

effects of the British programs to be qualitatively similar to those in 70

the United States.”

Mr Bernanke also argued that the Fed's forward rate guidance, that is 73

its commitment not to raise rates through the end of 2014, have had a 74

powerful impact on expectations of Fed tightening. In conclusion, he said 75

that "nontraditional policy tools have been and can continue to be 76

effective in providing financial accommodation" (emphasis mine).

He then catalogued the potential costs of further easing: impaired 79

market functioning as the Fed's share of total bonds in circulation rose;

the potential for asset bubbles if interest rates are kept low for a long 81

time; the threat of inflation if the Fed has trouble exiting from its 82

purchases; and potential losses if the bonds lose value when interest 83

rates rise. Mr Bernanke said "the hurdle for using non-traditional 84

policies should be higher than for traditional policies. At the same time, 85

the costs of non-traditional policies, when considered carefully, appear 86

manageable, implying that we should not rule out the further use of such 87

policies if economic conditions warrant."

Do conditions warrant? Yes. As Mr Bernanke put it, "the economic 90

situation is obviously far from satisfactory."

If Mr Bernanke has made it clear that the Fed plans to act on September 93

13th, he has not yet clarified how. The Fed could extend its low-rate 94

guidance past 2014, but Mr Bernanke's speech seemed to assign such a move 95

less efficacy than further bond purchases. If the Fed buys bonds, would 96

it buy Treasurys or MBS or something else? By citing housing as first among 97

the headwinds holding back the economy, and specifying the impact on 98

mortgage rates of prior QE, he made a prima facie case for buying MBS and 99

Treasurys. It is still not clear, though, whether the Fed would announce 100

a fixed amount of purchases over a fixed term, or an open-ended programme 101

(eg, $100 billion per month, keyed to economic conditions).

102

103

What is fairly certain is that he will not be thanked when it happens. 104

Conservatives will dial up their accusations of reckless Fed activism, 105

and probably add toadying to Barack Obama to the rap sheet. Liberals will 106

decry the Fed for not having gone further, or acted sooner. And in truth, 107

no one can be sure that either is wrong. At today's Jackson Hole conference, 108

there was an animated debate on this question. Adam Posen, whose last day 109

on the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee is today, decried the 110

"defeatism about policy" which leads people to conclude that if monetary 111

policy isn't working, it must simply be the structure of the economy. In 112

fact the problem is more likely to be impairments to particular financial 113

markets, which can be addressed with asset purchases in that specific 114

sector (eg, small-business loans). Central banks have shied away from such 115

purchases because of "self-imposed taboos", Mr Posen fretted, such as 116

fears that such purchases would misallocate credit or look like 117

politicised fiscal policy. This, he said, "is a prehistoric way of 118

thinking."

119

120

Larry Lindsey, a former Fed governor and adviser to George Bush, shot 121

back: "In a free society, individuals and institutions don’t do unusual 122

things because if you do, and break custom and happen to be wrong, you’123

re betting the farm. It's normal, prudential sort of political behaviour. 124

For our profession, after the last two decades, to realise modesty in what 125

we express and can do, is probably becoming."

126

127

Mr Bernanke can sympathise with both. When he first joined the Fed in 128

2002, he was, like most academics, something of a hedgehog, quite sure 129

of the answers and impatient with the fools and cowards who refused to 130

implement them. One of his first speeches as governor made the academic 131

point that when short-term interest rates are at zero, the Fed still has 132

plenty of ammo by printing money, what Milton Friedman euphemistically 133

called dropping money from a helicopter. This was the origin of the epithet 134

"Helicopter Ben". A year after that, he made the same case but with more 135

nuance in Japan. In the intervening years, he has become, as most 136

policymakers do, a fox: the real world contains political constraints and 137

unintended consequences that must be factored in before the academically 138

ideal remedy is applied.

139

140

The fox in Mr Bernanke appears to have made peace with the hedgehog. 141

His most important audience today was his own colleagues. He needs not 142

just their votes but their full-throated verbal endorsement of the Fed's 143

next move in their speeches they make afterwards. What most outsiders 144

can't appreciate about the job of Fed chairman is that among his unwritten 145

responsibilities is maintaining the integrity and credibility of his 146

institution for his successors. There are two ways this can be lost: by 147

doing too little in the face of either too high unemployment or inflation; 148

the other is by doing too much, with activism that prompts a backlash 149

against the institution, constraining its ability to act again. If Mr 150

Bernanke has calculated correctly, he has found a path between the two. 151

152

153

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156

157

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159

Barren rocks, barren nationalism

160

THE wave of anti-Japanese protests that has erupted across China, after 161

tit-for-tat landings by ultranationalists on uninhabited islands which 162

the Japanese call the Senkakus and the Chinese the Diaoyus, is alarming. 163

It is a reminder of how a barren group of disputed rocks could upend 164

pain-staking progress in the difficult relations between Asia’s two 165

biggest powers (see article). And the spat even raises the spectre of a 166

conflict that could conceivably draw in America.

167

168

History always weighs heavily in East Asia, so it is essential to 169

understand the roots of the squabble. China has never formally controlled 170

the Senkakus, and for most Japanese, blithely forgetful of their country’171

s rapacious, imperial past, possession is nine-tenths of the law. Yet the 172

islands’ history is ambiguous. The Senkakus first crept into the record 173

lying in the Chinese realm, just beyond the Ryukyu kingdom, which in the 174

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读八十五

Leopard seals share their suppers 豹海豹会分享它们的晚餐 Bad news if you are a penguin 假如你是一只企鹅，这真是个坏消息 Leopard seals resemble their terrestrial namesakes in two ways.They have polka-dot pelts.And they are powerful,generally solitary carnivores that are quite capable of killing a human being if they so choose—as has indeed happened once,in2003,when a British marine biologist was the victim. 豹海豹与生活在陆地上的同名动物（豹）有着两点相似之处。其一，它们的皮毛上都有着圆点花纹。其二，它们都是强大的独栖性食肉动物，只要它们愿意，是完全有能力杀死一个人的——正如2003年真实发生的那样，当时一位英国海洋生物学家就成了受害者。 Curiously,though,there have also been reports of leopard seals behaving in a friendly manner towards people—apparently trying to present gifts,in the form of prey,to divers. 但奇怪的是，也有报道称豹海豹对人类表现得十分友好——它们很显然把猎物作为礼物赠送给了潜水员。 Until now,there has been no explanation for this philanthropy.But work just published in Polar Biology by James Robbins of Plymouth University, in Britain,suggests that what the seals are actually looking for is a dining partner.

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三六

Japanese commuters try new ways to deter gropers 日本通勤族尝试用新方法防止性骚扰 Victims are fighting back with apps,badges and invisible ink 受害者正在用应用程序、徽章和隐形墨水来反击 Throughout her20s,Yayoi Matsunaga was groped,almost daily,on packed rush-hour trains going to and from work.Three decades later,she discovered that her friend’s daughter was being molested on her commute to high school. 在松永弥生20多岁的时候，她几乎每天都会在上下班高峰拥挤的列车上被人骚扰。30年过去了，她发现她朋友的女儿仍会在上高中的通勤路上被人骚扰。 The teenager,after fruitless talks with the police and railway companies, decided to hang a sign from her bag that read:“Groping is a crime.I will not cry myself to sleep.”The groping stopped immediately. 在与警方和铁路部门交涉无果后，这名女孩决定在她的书包上挂一个牌子，上面写着：“性骚扰就是犯罪，我不会暗自哭泣的。”效果立竿见影。 Inspired,Ms Matsunaga launched a crowdfunding campaign in2015to create badges with the same message.They proved as effective as the sign: nearly95%of users stopped experiencing groping on public transport, according to a survey.

《经济学人》科技类文章整合

Autism? 自闭症 Why it's not “Rain Woman”? 为什么它不是“雨女” Women have fewer cognitive disorders than men do because their bodies are better at ignoring the mutations which cause them? 与男性相比，患有认知障碍的女性较少，因为她们自身的身体能更好的忽略导致认知障碍的基因突变 AUTISM is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of “social blindness”(an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others) occur alone. This is dubbed high-functioning autism, or Asperger's syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful (sometimes very successful) members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is debilitating. What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than women —so much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme manifestation of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.?

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读八十九

The dash off cash 挥金如土 Rich countries must start planning for a cashless future 发达国家必须开始为无现金的未来做计划 For the past3,000years,when people thought of money they thought of cash.From buying food to settling bar tabs,day-to-day dealings involved creased paper or clinking bits of metal. 在过去的3000年里，每当提起钱，人们总会想到现金。从购买食物到酒吧吧台结算消费，日常交易用到的都是皱巴巴的纸币或叮当作响的硬币。 Over the past decade,however,digital payments have taken off—tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal.然而，过去十年间，数字支付已经兴起——在终端上刷卡或刷手机已经变得平常。Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies.That will make the economy more efficient—but it also poses new problems that could hold the transition hostage. 如今，这场革命即将要把一些发达国家的现金变为“濒危物种”。数字支付能够让经济更高效，但同时也带来了一些可能会阻碍经济转型的新的问题。 Countries are eliminating cash at varying speeds.But the direction of travel is clear,and in some cases the journey is nearly complete.In Sweden the number of retail cash transactions per person has fallen by80%in the

经济学人科技类文章中英双语

The Brain Activity Map 绘制大脑活动地图 Hard cell 棘手的细胞 An ambitious project to map the brain is in the works. Possibly too ambitious 一个绘制大脑活动地图的宏伟计划正在准备当中，或许有些太宏伟了 NEWS of what protagonists hope will be America’s next big science project continues to dribble out. 有关其发起人心中下一个科学大工程的新闻报道层出不穷。 A leak to the New York Times, published on February 17th, let the cat out of the bag, with a report that Barack Obama’s administration is thinking of sponsoring what will be known as the Brain Activity Map. 2月17日，《纽约时报》刊登的一位线人报告终于泄露了秘密，报告称奥巴马政府正在考虑赞助将被称为“大脑活动地图”的计划。 And on March 7th several of those protagonists published a manifesto for the project in Science. 3月7日，部分发起人在《科学》杂志上发表声明证实了这一计划。 The purpose of BAM is to change the scale at which the brain is understood. “大脑活动地图”计划的目标是改变人们在认知大脑时采用的度量方法。 At the moment, neuroscience operates at two disconnected levels. 眼下，神经学的研究处在两个断开的层次。 The higher one, where the dimensions of features are measured in centimetres, has many techniques at its disposal, notably functional magnetic-res onance imaging, which measures changes in tissues’ fuel consumption. 在相对宏观的层次当中各个特征的规模用厘米来衡量，有很多技术可以使用，尤其是用来测量组织中能量消耗变动情况的核磁共振成像技术。 This lets researchers see which bits of the brain are active in particular tasks—as long as those tasks can be performed by a person lying down inside a scanner. 该技术可使研究人员找出在完成具体的任务时，大脑的哪些部分处于活跃状态。At the other end of the scale, where features are measured in microns, lots of research has been done on how individual nerve cells work, how messages are sent from one to another, and how the connections between cells strengthen and weaken as memories are formed. 而另一个度量的层次则要求用微米来测量各种特征，这一层次的研究很多都是关于单个神经细胞是如何工作的、信息在神经细胞之间是如何传递的以及当产生记忆的时候神经细胞之间的联系是如何得到加强和减弱的。 Between these two, though, all is darkness. 然而，位于这两个层次之间的研究还处于一片漆黑当中。 It is like trying to navigate America with an atlas that shows the states, the big cities and the main highways, and has a few street maps of local neighbourhoods, but displays nothing in between.

经济学人经济类文章精选3

What went wrong IN RECENT months many economists and policymakers, including such unlikely bedfellows as Paul Krugman, an economist and New York Times columnist, and Hank Paulson, a former American treasury secretary, have put “global imbalances”—the huge current-account surpluses run by countries like China, alongside America’s huge deficit—at the root of the financial crisis. But the IMF disagrees. It argues, in new papers released on Friday March 6th, that the “main culprit” was deficient regulation of t he financial system, together with a failure of market discipline. Olivier Blanchard, the IMF's chief economist, said this week that global imbalances contributed only “indirectly” to the crisis. This may sound like buck-passing by the world’s main interna tional macroeconomic organisation. But the distinction has important consequences for whether macroeconomic policy or more regulation of financial markets will provide the solutions to the mess. In broad strokes, the global imbalances view of the crisis argues that a glut of money from countries with high savings rates, such as China and the oil-producing states, came flooding into America. This kept interest rates low and fuelled the credit boom and the related boom in the prices of assets, such as houses and equity, whose collapse precipitated the financial crisis. A workable long-term fix for the problems of the world economy would, therefore, involve figuring out what to do about these imbalances. But the IMF argues that imbalances could not have caused the crisis without the creative ability of financial institutions to develop new structures and instruments to cater to investors’ demand for higher yields. These instruments turned out to be more risky than they appeared. Investors, overly optimistic about continued rises in asset prices, did not look closely into the nature of the assets that they bought, preferring to rely on the analysis of credit-rating agencies which were, in some cases, also selling advice on how to game the ratings system. This “failure of market discipline”, the fund argues, played a big role in the crisis. As big a problem, according to the IMF, was that financial regulation was flawed, ineffective and too limited in scope. What it calls the “shadow banking system”—the loosely regulated but highly interconnected network of investment banks, hedge funds, mortgage originators, and the like—was not subject to the sorts of prudential regulation (capital-adequacy norms, for example) that applied to banks. In part, the fund argues, this was because they were not thought to be systemically important, in the sense that banks were understood to be. But their being unregulated made it more attractive for banks (whose affiliates the non-banks often were) to evade capital requirements by pushing risk into these entities. In time, this network of institutions grew so large that they were indeed systemically important: in the now-familiar phrase, they were “too big” or “too interconnected” to fail. By late 2007, some estimates of the assets of the bank-like institutions in America outside the scope of existing prudential regulation, was around $10 trillion, as large as the assets of the regulated American banking system itself. Given this interpretation, it is not surprising that the IMF has thrown its weight strongly behind an enormous increase in the scale and scope of financial regulation in a series of papers leading up to the G20 meetings. Among many other proposals, it wants the shadow banking system to be subjected to the same sorts of prudential requirements that banks must follow. Sensibly, it is calling for regulation to concentrate on what an institution does, not what it is called (that is, the basis of regulation should be activities, not entities). It also wants regulators to focus more broadly on

2018考研英语：阅读经济学人文章(一)

2018考研英语：阅读经济学人文章（一） German politics 德国政治 Gone boy on the right 消失的极右领袖 How an anti-foreigner, anti-establishment group ischanging German politics 一个反移民、反伊斯兰化组织如何改变德国政治 Bachmann: only joking, honest 巴赫曼：真的只是玩笑罢了 THE march on January 19th in Dresden by Pegida, or “Patriotic Europeans against theIslamisation of the Occident”, would have been its 13th. But it was cancelled because the policehad “concrete”information of plans to assassinate its organiser, Lutz Bachmann. On January21st Mr Bachmann was exposed in German tabloids for posing as Hitler on his Facebook page.He called it a joke, but later resigned his position. Pegida plans to resume its marches nextweek. 1月19日，在德累斯顿爆发了一场由Pegida(或者称作“爱国欧洲人反对西方的伊斯兰化”)发起的游行。本来这次游行应该在13号举行，但是由于警方获知了刺杀该运动领袖卢茨巴赫曼行动的“详细”信息而被取消。1月21日，巴赫曼因为在“脸书”(Facebook)上传其模仿希特勒的照片而被德国小报争相报道。他声称这只是一个玩笑，但是随后他宣布辞职。Pegida计划下周恢复游行。 Among its followers, despite Mr Bachmann's antics, neo-Nazis are a small minority. The typicalmarcher is a middle-aged, middle-class Saxon man who, says Hans V orl?nder at the TechnicalUniversity of Dresden, is alienated from politics and the liberal media, and yearns for ahomogenous fatherland. The marches may have “passed the peak”, adds Dieter Rucht at theBerlin Social Science Centre. Yet there will be political fallout. Nine-tenths of Pegida supportersback the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded only in 2013 and represented in three easternstate parliaments. 在该运动众多的追随者中，除了巴赫曼这种滑稽行为的人，新纳粹仍是少数。据来自德尔德累斯顿技术大学的汉斯?福尔兰德尔讲，其中有一位的游行示威者是较为典型，他是一个来自于萨克森州的中年中产阶级男性，他对政治和自由媒体漠不关心，却呼唤一个同文同种的父国。柏林社会科学研究中心的Dieter Rucht说到，这支游行队伍可能已经“越过底线”。也许会带来某些政治后果。Pegida运动中有十分之九的支持者拥护德国新选项党(AfD)，该党于2013年刚刚成立，享有东部三个州的议会席位。

6篇经济学人文章

1、The Americas Argentina's debt Let's not make a deal Argentina may spurn a chance to settle with its creditors 美洲阿根廷债务别签协议啦阿根廷或将还债机会弃如敝履 WHEN Argentina defaulted on its debt for the second time in 13 years last July, the government blamed a pesky clause in its contracts with bondholders. 去年七月，阿根廷发生了十三年来的第二次债务违约，而政府却将这次违约归咎于与债权人签订的合同中的某项麻烦条款。 The so-called Rights Upon Future Offers (RUFO) clause was set to expire on December 31st,in theory opening the way to a settlement with bondholders who had refused Argentina's earlier offers of partial payment. 由于之前债权人拒绝阿根廷部分偿还，这项本应于12月31日到期的未来发行权利（RUFO）条款理论上可以解决与债权人之间的债务问题。 A deal would make it easier to borrow dollars, which the country badly needs to pay for imports. 这项协议可以为阿根廷借入美元提供更多便利，有了美元，阿根廷就可以解决进口商品所使用货币的燃眉之急。 But the president, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, may spurn the opportunity. 不过，克里斯蒂娜?费尔南德斯?基什内尔总统却有可能将这一机会弃如敝履。 After its previous default (in 2001) Argentina offered RUFO as a way to entice bond holders to swap the old debt for new bonds worth much less than the original ones. 上次（2001年）债务违约后，阿根廷通过RUFO 怂恿债券持有人进行债务掉期，也就是说用原先价格较低的旧债券交换价格较高的新债券。 The clause says that any future deal offered to some bondholders would be extended to all of them. 这一条款规定，合同签署后，政府和部分债券持有人达成的协议将适用于全体债券持有人。 In 2012 a court in New York ruled that Argentina would have to pay in full the small minority of bondholders who refused the debt swap. 2012年，纽约一家法院判定阿根廷政府应向拒绝债务掉期的少数债券持有人一次付清所有债务。 These are mostly American hedge funds, which bought the bonds at a fraction of their face value. 后者主要是美国对冲基金，它们当初就是以远远低于面值的价格买入了阿根廷债券。 Argentina argued that complying with the court order would trigger billions in payments to all holders of bonds issued under New York law, and so chose to default. 阿根廷称，根据纽约法律，按法庭裁决行事将导致对债券持有人支付高达数十亿的费用，于是便选择了违约。 Since the court's ruling, its foreign-exchange reserves have dwindled to 30 billion, less than needed to pay for six months' imports. 法院作出判决后，阿根廷外汇储备已缩减至300亿美元，甚至不足以支付六个月的商品进口。 Low commodity prices mean that few dollars are flowing in. 较低物价意味着美元流入会更少。 The government has responded by further restricting imports, which has led to shortages of supplies to factories and of some consumer goods. 由于限制进口导致工厂供货和部分日用品出现了短缺，政府已对进一步限制进口做出了回应。 That is one reason why the economy is expected to shrink by around 1% in 2015. 这便是阿根廷经济增速预计将在2015年下跌1个百分点的原因之一。 Debt payments during the year will siphon off some 40% of international reserves. 全年的债务将造成外汇储备流失40%。In December Argentina tried to reduce that drain by offering holders of bonds due for repayment new securities that mature in 2024. 十二月时，阿根廷曾试图给债券持有人提供2024年到期的新债券，以避免本国外汇储备消耗过快。 The gambit failed miserably:just 4% of creditors volunteered to exchange their 2015 bonds. 这项策略后以惨败告终:只有4%的债权人自愿用2015年债券进行兑换。 Things are so desperate that the government will soon make an attractive offer to holdout bondholders, some observers believe. 一些观察家认为，当前情况万分危急，政府不久就会制定出富有吸引力的政策来维系人心。 The expiration of the RUFO clause makes the cost bearable; the government would not have to make the same offer to the other bondholders. 这次RUFO条款期满后，违约成本尚可担负；但政府今后不会再和其他债券持有人签署同样的协议了。But that is a minority view. 不过，这只是小部分人的看法。 The real obstacles to paying off the holdouts have always been political rather than contractual, many think. 许多人认为，一直以来，政府无力清偿债务的真正原因都不是合同问题，而是各种政治方面的因素。 Ms Fernandez and her advisers demonised them as vultures and blamed them for many of Argentina's woes. 在费尔南德斯总

2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：Black Friday

2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：Black Friday Black Friday 黑色星期五 The long weekend 漫长的周末 A new, earlier discount frenzy grips Christmasshoppers 新一轮提前促销打折狂潮吸引了众多圣诞购物者 THE rhythms of Christmas used to be so simple. Buypresents in December, eat and drink too much, return unwanted gifts, then hunt bargains inthe January sales. Such habits may now be altered by the arrival on British shores of BlackFriday, an American retail phenomenon. 圣诞的节奏一直都很单一。在12月买礼物，尽情吃喝，再退还那些不中意的礼物，然后在一月大减价之际狂购便宜货到手软。而如今这样的习惯，很可能随着“黑色星期五”—美版“双十一”—登陆不列颠海岸而悄然改变。 Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving. This year it falls on November 28th. As Thanksgivingday revolves around the eating, so Black Friday revolves around the shopping. It has becomethe biggest day of the year for American retailers as they discount thousands of products,kick-starting the Christmas shopping season. According to one story the name thus refers toshops doing such booming trade that they go from the red into the black. It might equally benamed because of the casualty rate. Shoppers get hurt in the stampede for bargains. Somehave even died. “黑色星期五”就是每年感恩节之后的第一天。今年就是11月28日。像感恩节的主题是美食一样，“黑色星期五”的主题便是购物。因在“黑色星期五”商家们会给成千上万的商品大打折扣开启圣诞购物季，由此这一天成了美国零售商们每年最盛大的一天，有一种说法是，这个名字正说明了那些在这天生意异常兴隆的商家大额进账，转亏为盈(红色记录赤字，黑色记录盈利)。还有一种说法是因为在这天的伤亡率。顾客们会在争抢折扣商品的拥堵人群中受伤。有些人甚至会为此丧命。 Since they do not celebrate Thanksgiving, Brits had never taken to Black Friday, until last year.Then, some British retailers joined American-owned companies like Amazon to introduce bigsavings. This year many more have embraced it. Visa Europe predicts that shoppers will spend6,000 per second on the day. John Lewis, a big London department store, is opening for itslongest day ever, from 8am to 10pm. 因为从来不过感恩节，所以去年之前英国人对黑色星期五一直无感。而其后，部分英国零售商加盟了类似亚马逊这种美国公司来引进各种省钱方式。在今年，已有更多的零售商投入到这些公司的怀抱。据维信欧洲(VisaEurope，信用卡集团)预测，在黑色星期五这一天，购物者们将每秒消费6000英镑。英国一家大型零售商店约翰·路易斯，在这天也会迎来其

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十六

Climate change and the threat to companies 气候变化和企业面临的风险 Firms urgently need to rethink how they approach climate risk 企业迫切需要重新考虑如果应对气候风险了 C hief executives who care about climate change—and these days most profess to—often highlight headquarters bedecked with solar panels and other efforts to lower their carbon footprint. 那些关心气候变化的首席执行官们（如今大多数的CEO都自称如此）常常强调，他们的公司总部采用了太阳能电池板以及其他措施来减少碳足迹。 Last week Volkswagen, a carmaker, told its 40,000 suppliers to cut emissions or risk losing its custom. 上周，汽车制造商大众集团要求其4万家供应商减少碳排放，否则他们将面临失去大众这位客户的风险。 Plenty of investors, meanwhile, say they are worried about being saddled with worthless stakes in coal-fired power plants if carbon taxes eventually bite. Yet the reality is that meaningful global environmental regulations are nowhere on the horizon.

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十

A hit TV series in China skewers cranky old parents 一部在中国热播的电视连续剧讽刺了脾气古怪的老父母们 Defying the cult of filial piety thrills viewers 对崇尚孝道的反抗令观众们激动不已 It is no mean feat to be one of the top-ten trending hashtags on Weibo, China’s equivalent of Twitter,for20consecutive days and counting.“All is Well”,a show on provincial television which premiered on March1st,has done just that. 连续20天成为微博（中国版的推特）十大热门话题之一并不是一件容易的事。3月1日，在省级电视台首播的电视连续剧《都挺好》做到了。 The show tells the story of a fictional Chinese family torn by internal conflict.The female protagonist,Su Mingyu,is barely on speaking terms with her widowed father and one of her two brothers. 这部电视剧讲述了一个虚构的中国家庭因内部矛盾而走向破裂的故事。女主角苏明玉和她丧偶的父亲以及两个哥哥中的一个关系不和。 The father is a nagging crank who expects his two adult sons to bankroll his lavish tastes.This leads to constant bickering between the brothers,neither of whom wants to be called unfilial.