设计一个给定文法和对应的FIRSTVT和LASTVT集,能依据依据文法和FIRSTVT和LASTVT生成算符优先分析表

设计一个给定文法和对应的FIRSTVT和LASTVT集,能依据依据文法和FIRSTVT和LASTVT生成算符优先分析表
设计一个给定文法和对应的FIRSTVT和LASTVT集,能依据依据文法和FIRSTVT和LASTVT生成算符优先分析表

实验二算符优先分析器

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#include "iostream.h"

char data[20][20]; //算符优先关系

char s[100]; //模拟符号栈s

char lable[20]; //文法终极符集

char input[100]; //文法输入符号串

char string[20][10]; //用于输入串的分析

int k;

char a;

int j;

char q;

int r; //文法规则个数

int r1; //转化后文法规则个数

char st[10][30]; //用来存储文法规则

char first[10][10]; //文法非终结符FIRSTVT集

char last[10][10]; //文法非终结符LASTVT集

int fflag[10]={0}; //标志第i个非终结符的FIRSTVT集是否已求出int lflag[10]={0}; //标志第i个非终结符的LASTVT集是否已求出int deal(); //对输入串的分析

int zhongjie(char c); //判断字符c是否是终极符

int xiabiao(char c); //求字符c在算符优先关系表中的下标

void out(int j,int k,char *s); //打印s栈

void firstvt(char c); //求非终结符c的FIRSTVT集

void lastvt(char c); //求非终结符c的LASTVT集

void table(); //创建文法优先关系表

void main()

{

int i,j,k=0;

printf("请输入文法规则数:");

scanf("%d",&r);

printf("请输入文法规则:\n");

for(i=0;i

{

scanf("%s",st[i]); //存储文法规则,初始化FIRSTVT集和LASTVT集*/

first[i][0]=0; /*first[i][0]和last[i][0]分别表示st[i][0]非终极

符的FIRSTVT集和LASTVT集中元素的个数*/ last[i][0]=0;

}

for(i=0;i

{

for(j=0;st[i][j]!='\0';j++)

{

if(st[i][0]<'A'||st[i][0]>'Z')

{

printf("不是算符文法!\n");

exit(-1);

}

if(st[i][j]>='A'&&st[i][j]<='Z')

{

if(st[i][j+1]>='A'&&st[i][j+1]<='Z')

{

printf("不是算符文法!\n");

exit(-1);

}

}

}

}

for(i=0;i

{

for(j=0;st[i][j]!='\0';j++)

{

if((st[i][j]<'A'||st[i][j]>'Z')&&st[i][j]!='-'&&st[i][j]!='>'&&st[i][j]!='| ')

lable[k++]=st[i][j];

}

}

lable[k]='#';

lable[k+1]='\0';

table();

printf("每个非终结符的FIRSTVT集为:\n"); //输出每个非终结符的FIRSTVT集for(i=0;i

{

printf("%c: ",st[i][0]);

for(j=0;j

{

printf("%c ",first[i][j+1]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("每个非终结符的LASTVT集为:\n"); //输出每个非终结符的LASTVT集for(i=0;i

{

printf("%c: ",st[i][0]);

for(j=0;j

{

printf("%c ",last[i][j+1]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("算符优先分析表如下:\n");

for(i=0;lable[i]!='\0';i++)

printf("\t%c",lable[i]);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i

{

printf("%c\t",lable[i]);

for(j=0;j

{

printf("%c\t",data[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("请输入文法输入符号串以#结束:");

scanf("%s",input);

deal();

}

void table()

{

char text[20][10];

int i,j,k,t,l,x=0,y=0;

int m,n;

x=0;

for(i=0;i

{

firstvt(st[i][0]);

lastvt(st[i][0]);

}

for(i=0;i

{

text[x][y]=st[i][0];

y++;

for(j=1;st[i][j]!='\0';j++)

{

if(st[i][j]=='|')

{

text[x][y]='\0';

x++;

y=0;

text[x][y]=st[i][0];

y++;

text[x][y++]='-';

text[x][y++]='>';

}

else

{

text[x][y]=st[i][j];

y++;

}

}

text[x][y]='\0';

x++;

y=0;

}

r1=x;

printf("转化后的文法为:\n");

for(i=0;i

printf("%s\n",text[i]);

}

for(i=0;i"

后的转化文法,用于最后的规约)*/ {

string[i][0]=text[i][0];

for(j=3,l=1;text[i][j]!='\0';j++,l++)

string[i][l]=text[i][j];

string[i][l]='\0';

}

for(i=0;i

{

for(j=1;text[i][j+1]!='\0';j++)

{

if(zhongjie(text[i][j])&&zhongjie(text[i][j+1]))

{

m=xiabiao(text[i][j]);

n=xiabiao(text[i][j+1]);

data[m][n]='=';

}

if(text[i][j+2]!='\0'&&zhongjie(text[i][j])&&zhongjie(text[i][j+2])&&!zhong jie(text[i][j+1]))

{

m=xiabiao(text[i][j]);

n=xiabiao(text[i][j+2]);

data[m][n]='=';

}

if(zhongjie(text[i][j])&&!zhongjie(text[i][j+1]))

{

for(k=0;k

{

if(st[k][0]==text[i][j+1])

break;

}

m=xiabiao(text[i][j]);

for(t=0;t

{

n=xiabiao(first[k][t+1]);

data[m][n]='<';

}

}

if(!zhongjie(text[i][j])&&zhongjie(text[i][j+1]))

{

for(k=0;k

{

if(st[k][0]==text[i][j])

break;

}

n=xiabiao(text[i][j+1]);

for(t=0;t

{

m=xiabiao(last[k][t+1]);

data[m][n]='>';

}

}

}

}

m=xiabiao('#');

for(t=0;t

{

n=xiabiao(first[0][t+1]);

data[m][n]='<';

}

n=xiabiao('#');

for(t=0;t

{

m=xiabiao(last[0][t+1]);

data[m][n]='>';

}

data[n][n]='=';

}

void firstvt(char c) //求FIRSTVT集{

int i,j,k,m,n;

for(i=0;i

{

if(st[i][0]==c)

break;

}

if(fflag[i]==0)

{

n=first[i][0]+1;

m=0;

do

{

if(m==2||st[i][m]=='|')

{

if(zhongjie(st[i][m+1]))

{

first[i][n]=st[i][m+1];

n++;

}

else

{

if(zhongjie(st[i][m+2]))

{

first[i][n]=st[i][m+2];

n++;

}

if(st[i][m+1]!=c)

{

firstvt(st[i][m+1]);

for(j=0;j

{

if(st[j][0]==st[i][m+1])

break;

}

for(k=0;k

{

int t;

for(t=0;t

{

if(first[i][t]==first[j][k+1])

break;

}

if(t==n)

{

first[i][n]=first[j][k+1];

n++;

}

}

}

}

}

m++;

}while(st[i][m]!='\0');

first[i][n]='\0';

first[i][0]=--n;

fflag[i]=1;

}

}

void lastvt(char c) //求LASTVT集{

int i,j,k,m,n;

for(i=0;i

{

if(st[i][0]==c)

break;

}

if(lflag[i]==0)

{

n=last[i][0]+1;

m=0;

do

{

if(st[i][m+1]=='\0'||st[i][m+1]=='|')

{

if(zhongjie(st[i][m]))

{

last[i][n]=st[i][m];

n++;

}

else

{

if(zhongjie(st[i][m-1]))

{

last[i][n]=st[i][m-1];

n++;

}

if(st[i][m]!=c)

{

lastvt(st[i][m]);

for(j=0;j

{

if(st[j][0]==st[i][m])

break;

}

for(k=0;k

{

int t;

for(t=0;t

{

if(last[i][t]==last[j][k+1])

break;

}

if(t==n)

{

last[i][n]=last[j][k+1];

n++;

}

}

}

}

}

m++;

}while(st[i][m]!='\0');

last[i][n]='\0';

last[i][0]=--n;

lflag[i]=1;

}

}

int deal()

{

int i,j;

int x,y;

int z; //输入串的长度

k=1;

s[k]='#'; //栈置初值

for(i=0;input[i]!='\0';i++); //计算输入串的长度z=i--;

i=0;

while((a=input[i])!='\0')

{

if(zhongjie(s[k]))

j=k;

else

j=k-1;

x=xiabiao(s[j]);

y=xiabiao(a);

if(data[x][y]=='>')

{

out(1,k,s);

printf("%c",a);

out(i+1,z,input);

printf("规约\n");

do

{

q=s[j];

if(zhongjie(s[j-1]))

j=j-1;

else j=j-2;

x=xiabiao(s[j]);

y=xiabiao(q);

}while(data[x][y]!='<');

int m,n,N;

for(m=j+1;m<=k;m++)

{

for(N=0;N

for(n=1;string[N][n]!='\0';n++)

{

if(!zhongjie(s[m])&&!zhongjie(string[N][n]))

{

if(zhongjie(s[m+1])&&zhongjie(string[N][n+1])

&&s[m+1]==string[N][n+1])

{

s[j+1]=string[N][0];

break;

}

}

else

if(zhongjie(s[m]))

if(s[m]==string[N][n])

{

s[j+1]=string[N][0];

break;

}

}

}

k=j+1;

if(k==2&&a=='#')

{

out(1,k,s);

printf("%c",a);

out(i+1,z,input);

printf("结束\n");

printf("输入串符合文法的定义!\n");

return 1; //输入串符合文法的定义}

}

else

if(data[x][y]=='<'||data[x][y]=='=')

{ //移进

out(1,k,s);

printf("%c",a);

out(i+1,z,input);

printf("移进\n");

k++;

s[k]=a;

i++;

}

else

{

printf("\nflase");

return 0;

}

}

printf("\nflase");

return 0;

}

void out(int j,int k,char *s)

{

int n=0;

int i;

for(i=j;i<=k;i++)

{

printf("%c",s[i]);

n++;

}

for(;n<15;n++)

{

printf(" ");

}

}

int xiabiao(char c) //求字符c在算符优先关系表中的下标{

int i;

for(i=0;lable[i]!='\0';i++)

{

if(c==lable[i])

return i;

}

return -1;

}

int zhongjie(char c) //判断字符c是否是终极符

{

int i;

for(i=0;lable[i]!='\0';i++)

{

if(c==lable[i])

return 1;

}

return 0;

}

编译原理课程设计LL1文法

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产生式都被删除,则将数组中对应的非终结符的标记值改为“否”,说明该终结符不能推出ξ。 2.若某一非终结符的某一个产生式右部为ξ,则将数组中对应该非终结符的标志置为“是”,并从文法中删除该非终结符的所有产生式。 (3)扫描产生式右部的每一个符号。 1.若所扫描到的非终结符号在数组中对应的标志是“是”,则删去该非终结符,若使得产生式右部为空,则对产生式右部的非终结符在数组中对应的标志改为“是”,并删除该非终结符为左部的所有的产生式。 2.若所扫描到的非终结符号在数组中对应的标志是“是”,则删除该产生式。若这使得产生式左部非终结符的有关产生式都被删除,则把在数组中该非终结符对应的标志改为“否”。 (4)重复(3),直到扫描完一遍文法的产生式,数组中的非终结符对应的特征再没有改变为止。 4.3.2求FIRST集合 1)A->aα则 a∈first(A) 2)A->Bα则 first(B)∈first(A) 3)A->^ 则 ^∈first(A) 4.3.3计算FOLLOW集合 1)A->αBaβ则 a∈follow(B) 2)A->αBCβ则 first(C)∈follow(B) 3)A->αB 则 follow(A)∈follow(B) 3)由产生式形成(1)(2)(3) A->αBDaβ,D->^,则 a∈follow(B),a∈follow(D) 4.3.4计算SELECT集 4.4数据结构 数组A实现分析栈,数组B存储剩余分析串;一维数组V1存放文法终结符,一维数组V2存放文法非终结符。将产生式类型定义为结构体变量。 4.5算法描述 1.首先将#压入堆栈中,将开始符号S也压入堆栈中,读取第一个输入符号到

(完整版)高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案

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一、实验内容和目的 1. 已知待分析的C语言子集的语法,用EBNF表示如下: (1)<程序>→main()<语句块> (2)<语句块>→“{” <语句串>“}” (3)<语句串>→<语句>{;<语句>} ; (4)<语句>→<赋值语句>|<条件语句>|<循环语句> (5)<赋值语句>→ID=<表达式> (6)<条件语句>→if(条件)<语句块> (7)<循环语句>→while(<条件>)<语句块> (8)<条件>→<表达式><关系运算符><表达式> (9)<表达式>→<项>{+<项>}|<项>{-<项>} (10)<项>→<因子>{*<因子>}|<因子>{/<因子>} (11)<因子>→ID|NUM|(<表达式>) (12)<关系运算符>→<|<=|>|>=|==|!= 2. 实验目的、要求实现的功能 实验目的:编制一个语法分析程序,实现对词法分析程序所提供的单词序列进行语法检查和结构分析。 实验要求:在上机(一)词法分析的基础上,采用递归子程序法或其他适合的语法分析方法,实现其语法分析程序。要求编译后能检查出语法错误。 3. 将实验方法改写为适合预测分析法的文法如下: (1) <程序>→main()<语句块> (2)<语句块>→{ <语句串>} (3)<语句串>→<语句>; <语句串> (3_1) <语句串>→ε (4)<语句>→<赋值语句> (5)<语句>→<条件语句> (6) <语句>→<循环语句> (7)<赋值语句>→ID=<表达式> (8)<条件语句>→if(<条件>)<语句块> (9)<循环语句>→while(<条件>)<语句块> (10)<条件>→<表达式><关系运算符><表达式> (11)<表达式>→<项><表达式`> (11_1)<表达式`>→+<项><表达式`> (11_2)<表达式`>→-<项><表达式`> (11_3)<表达式`>→ε (12) <项>→<因子><项`> (12_1) <项`>→*<因子><项`> (12_2)<项`>→/<因子><项`> (12_3)<项`>→ε (13) <因子>→ID (14) <因子>→NUM (15) <因子>→(<表达式>) (16) <关系运算符>→< (17) <关系运算符>→<=

【英语】 英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析

【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed;before;director;explained;when;of;a;longer;his;at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 (1)考查非谓语动词。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系,故填Dressed。 (2)考查状语从句。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意,客人睡觉之前需要暖床,故填before。 (3)考查名词。句意:爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说,这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名,两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语,所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 (4)考查时态。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知,这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 (5)考查定语从句。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意,这是一个定语从句,先行词为the beginning of the night,并且先行词在从句中做时间状语,故填关系词when。 (6)考查介词。句意:人体温度之所以会下降,部分原因在于,(这时)人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张,散发了热量。空前前后都是名词,所以空格处应填介词,the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系,故填of。 (7)考查冠词。句意:温暖的床(温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间)有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后,空格后为一个可数单数名词短语,所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的,故填a。

语法填空专项练习(附答案)

语法填空专练(一) ___1___ being Sunday, I decided to sleep late. But it wasn’t long ___2___ I realized that I had to go to the bookstore to get a reference book our teacher had asked us to buy. ___3___ (fear) they would be sold out before I got one, I got up and headed for the bookstore. It was three blocks away, and pretty soon I reached ___4___ shop. It was not until I entered the shop that it came to my ___5___ that I forgot to bring any money on me. This meant I ___6___ do nothing but return home for the money. ___7___, I ran all the way home to fetch the money. After a while, I returned to the shop and bought the book that I wanted. Reading the pages of it, I ___8___ (feel) it my duty to do well in my studies, and I was sure I could make it. There will be a few months before I take the College Entrance Examination, and I‘ll work still ___9___ (hard) at my lessons. Though there may be difficulties for me, I’m confident that I can achieve my aim and make it into college. I owe it to my parents ___10___ they’ve do ne so much for me, so that I can concentrate on my studies. (专练二) “Fire!Fire!”What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of the ___1___, opened the door and stepped outside the house. There was ___2___ of thick smoke. I began to run, but as I was still only half-awake, instead of going towards the stairs, I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew ___3___ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But ___4___ I could reach it, one of my

语义分析程序的设计与实现

语义分析程序的设计与实现 班号:2008211316姓名:张荣学号:08211627序号:26 实验日期:2010-11-23 一:实验内容: (2) 二:实验要求: (2) 三:实验方法: (2) ◆由LEX建立YACC的词法分析程序 (2) ◆yacc原理介绍 (3) ◆词法分析 (4) ◆解析器如何工作 (5) ◆Yacc环境 (6) ◆常用代码 (7) 第四:YACC内部名称: (7) 第五:运行结果(源代码见附录) (8) 第六:实验总结 (9) 第七:附录 (10) 附录一:yacc程序,加注释 (10) 附录二:词法分析器的工作原理 (16)

一:实验内容: 编写语法分析程序,实现对算术表达式的语法分析,要求所分析的算术表达式由如下的文法产生。 ◆E->E+T|E-T|T ◆T->T*F|T/F|F ◆F->id|(E)|num 二:实验要求: 在对表达式进行分析的同时,输出所采用的产生式。 可以采用多种方法 ◆编写递归调用程序,实现自顶向下的分析。 ◆编写LL(1)语法分析程序,要求: ◇编程实现算法4.2,为给定的文法自动构造预测分析表 ◇编程实现算法4.1,构造LL(1)预测分析程序, ◆编写语法分析程序,实现自底向上的分析,要求: ◇构造识别所有活前缀的DFA ◇构造LR分析表 ◇编程实现算法4.3,构造LR分析程序 ◆利用yacc自动生成语法分析程序,调用LEX自动生成的词法分析器程序 三:实验方法: ◆由LEX建立YACC的词法分析程序 由LEX产生的词法分析程序可用于YACC,LEX编译程序根据LEX

源程序产生词法分析程序yylex(),这个名字就是YACC所需要的词法分析程序的名字。如果YACC要调用LEX产生的词法分析程序,则在YACC源程序的第三部分用语句#include“lex.yy.c”代替函数yylex()的定义,这一yylex()就可以访问YACC中记号的名字,因为LEX的输出时候YACC输出文件的一部分,所有,每个LEX的动作都返回YACC 知道的终结符。 在UNIX的环境下,如果LEX源程序在first.l中,YACC的源程序在second.y中,可以使用以下命令得到所需要的分析程序。 Lex first.l Yacc second.y cc-o yaccdemo y.tab.c lex.yy.c ◆yacc原理介绍 Yacc 是用可移植的C 语言写成的。接受的规定类别是非常一般性的: 带有去歧义规则的LALR(1) 文法。 Yacc 提供了一个通用工具来在计算机程序的输入上施加结构。Yacc 用户准备输入处理的规定;它包括描述输入结构的规则,在识别了这些规则的时候调用的代码,和做基本输入的一个低层例程。Yacc 接着生成一个函数来控制输入处理。这个函数叫做解析器(parser),它调用用户提供的低层输入例程(词法分析器(analyzer))来从输入流中选取基本项目(叫做记号(token))。依据叫做文法规则的输入结构规则来组织这些记号;在识别了这些规则中的某一个的时候,接着调用为这个规则提供的叫做动作的用户代码;动作有能力返回值并

6.第五章.质感设计与文法

质感设计的作用和意义 质感(Texture),在拉丁文中又有“肌理”、“质地”。质,指的是产品由表及里的材质、质地。感,指的是人的感觉、感情及感观反应。产品的质感是通过产品表面特征给人的视觉和触觉感受。产品作为一种符号的象征,承载着信息传达的功能。材质与质感作为构成产品物质形式的基材,给人们带来直观的认知体验、心理联想和感受。 质感设计是产品设计中一个重要的方面,是对产品的操作舒适度、合理性、技术实现方式如何通过产品最终的物化形式来传达的先期规划,具备完整的“认材—选材—配材—理材—用材”的过程。现代设计中的质感设计作为产品形态表达的要素之一,随着材料科学和加工技术的不断进步及物质材料的日益丰富,正逐渐受到设计师的青睐。 材质和质地是材料的固有属性和人为加工状态的实体展现,是客观存在的。材料的表面粗滑、纹理的排列和疏密程度经过人视觉和触觉的感知,可产生粗、细、柔、硬、干、湿等种种不同的感受反应。而感觉和感情是主观的,包含有人的情感色彩,所以质感兼有主、客观的特性。质感首先由触觉感受引起,因为任何材料、质地的物品都是通过与人手、肌肤的接触传递信息。同时在人们的视觉经验中,视觉通过触觉所转移的经验也可以形成不同的质地感受,所以质感同属于视觉与触觉的范畴,相应的也就形成了触觉质感和视觉质感。 产品表面的质感设计将形体塑造成为更为真实、丰富的整体,使产品具有自己独特的形象,以特有的方式向消费者传达产品信息,满足其不同的使用要求。在产品的质感设计中,对于重点部位,尤其是可见部位、常触部位,如面板、商标、操纵键等,应作主要设计,包括视觉质感和触觉质感设计。而对非主要部位,如不可见部位、少触部位,就应考虑从略处理。质感设计的作用可以从以下几个方面说明: 1.提升产品的可操作性 良好的质感设计可以提升产品的可操作性。电子产品的造型中通常会使用表面磨砂的亚光塑料,这种塑料表面具有颗粒感,与传统塑料光滑的表面相比具有更丰富的变化性,表达出优良的品质感,使人乐于触摸,且手感良好。将其恰当地运用到产品的局部设计中,有助于提升产品的可操作性。如图5-1中的游戏手柄设计,上表面采用半透明材质,质感轻盈、明快,符合面向年轻消费群体的形象诉求;手柄背面的PP塑料是不透明亚光质地,磨砂质感增加了与接触面的摩擦力。一般手持式产品的手柄表面还会运用凹凸细纹或者覆盖橡胶、皮革等材质等,使其对人体产生明显的触觉刺激,增加操作的舒适性。

语法填空专项练习(附答案)

语法填空专项练习(附答案) ___1___ being Sunday, I decided to sleep late. But it wasn’t long ___2___ I realized that I had to go to the bookstore to get a reference book our teacher had asked us to buy. ___3___ (fear) they would be sold out before I got one, I got up and headed for the bookstore. It was three blocks away, and pretty soon I reached ___4___ shop. It was not until I entered the shop that it came to my ___5___ that I forgot to bring any money on me. This meant I ___6___ do nothing but return home for the money. ___7___, I ran all the way home to fetch the money. After a while, I returned to the shop and bought the book that I wanted. Reading the pages of it, I ___8___ (feel) it my duty to do well in my studies, and I was sure I could make it. Ther e will be a few months before I take the College Entrance Examination, and I‘ll work still ___9___ (hard) at my lessons. Though there may be difficulties for me, I’m confident that I can achieve my aim and make it into college. I owe it to my parents ___10___ they’ve done so much for me, so that I can concentrate on my studies. (专练二) “Fire!Fire!”What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of the ___1___, opened the door and stepped outside the house. There was ___2___ of thick smoke. I began to run, but as I was still only half-awake, instead of going towards the stairs, I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew ___3___ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But ___4___ I could reach it, one of my feet caught in something soft and I fell ___5___. The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ___6___(protect) my face from the smoke and heat. I crashed to the floor below with pieces of ___7___ (burn) wood all around me. As I reached the cold air outside, the bundle of clothes gave a thin cry. I nearly dropped ___8___ in surprise. Then I was in a crowd gathered in the street. A woman ___9___ a night dress and a borrowed man’s coat screamed as she saw me and came running ___10___ (mad). She was the Mayor’s wife, and I had saved her baby. (专练三) So the main reason why people ____10____ dogs has changed from protection to friendship. (专练四) Student: Excuse me, can you spare a few minutes to answer some questions? Woman: Umm, yes, I suppose ____1_____. What’s it for? Student: I ____2_____ (do) a survey about people’s shopping habits. Woman: Oh, all right then. Student: Great. Do you usually shop alone or with ____3_____ else in your family? Woman: Oh, I always do it on my ____4____. If I go with the others, they always put too many things in the trolley (推车) and it costs me ____5____ fortune!

实验5 LL(1)语法分析程序的设计与实现(C语言)

实验五LL(1)文法识别程序设计 一、实验目的 通过LL(1)文法识别程序的设计理解自顶向下的语法分析思想。 二、实验重难点 FIRST集合、FOLLOW集合、SELECT集合元素的求解,预测分析表的构造。 三、实验内容与要求 实验内容: 1.阅读并理解实验案例中LL(1)文法判别的程序实现; 2.参考实验案例,完成简单的LL(1)文法判别程序设计。 四、实验学时 4课时 五、实验设备与环境 C语言编译环境 六、实验案例 1.实验要求 参考教材93页预测分析方法,94页图5.11 预测分析程序框图,编写表达式文法的识别程序。要求对输入的LL(1)文法字符串,程序能自动判断所给字符串是否为所给文法的句子,并能给出分析过程。 表达式文法为: E→E+T|T T→T*F|F F→i|(E) 2.参考代码

为了更好的理解代码,建议将图5.11做如下标注:

/* 程序名称:LL(1)语法分析程序*/ /* E->E+T|T */ /* T->T*F|F */ /* F->(E)|i */ /*目的: 对输入LL(1)文法字符串,本程序能自动判断所给字符串是否为所给文法的句子,并能给出分析过程。 /********************************************/ /* 程序相关说明*/ /* A=E' B=T' */ /* 预测分析表中列号、行号*/ /* 0=E 1=E' 2=T 3=T' 4=F */ /* 0=i 1=+ 2=* 3=( 4=) 5=# */ /************************************/ #include"iostream" #include "stdio.h" #include "malloc.h" #include "conio.h" /*定义链表这种数据类型参见: https://www.360docs.net/doc/7615590854.html,/link?url=_owQzf8PRZOt9H-5oXIReh4X0ClHo6zXtRdWrdSO5YBLpKl NvkCk0qWqvFFxjgO0KzueVwEQcv9aZtVKEEH8XWSQCeVTjXvy9lxLQ_mZXeS###*/ struct Lchar{ char char_ch; struct Lchar *next; }Lchar,*p,*h,*temp,*top,*base; /*p指向终结符线性链表的头结点,h指向动态建成的终结符线性链表节点,top和base分别指向非终结符堆栈的顶和底*/

(完整)高一英语语法填空专项练习

高一英语语法填空专项练习 (一) 第二节语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分) Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案:31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself (二) 第二节语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分,满分15分) Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis(重视)on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__(call)KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential(潜在的)risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填人一个适当的词或

6.第五章.质感设计与文法剖析

5.1 质感设计的作用和意义 质感(Texture),在拉丁文中又有“肌理”、“质地”。质,指的是产品由表及里的材质、质地。感,指的是人的感觉、感情及感观反应。产品的质感是通过产品表面特征给人的视觉和触觉感受。产品作为一种符号的象征,承载着信息传达的功能。材质与质感作为构成产品物质形式的基材,给人们带来直观的认知体验、心理联想和感受。 质感设计是产品设计中一个重要的方面,是对产品的操作舒适度、合理性、技术实现方式如何通过产品最终的物化形式来传达的先期规划,具备完整的“认材—选材—配材—理材—用材”的过程。现代设计中的质感设计作为产品形态表达的要素之一,随着材料科学和加工技术的不断进步及物质材料的日益丰富,正逐渐受到设计师的青睐。 材质和质地是材料的固有属性和人为加工状态的实体展现,是客观存在的。材料的表面粗滑、纹理的排列和疏密程度经过人视觉和触觉的感知,可产生粗、细、柔、硬、干、湿等种种不同的感受反应。而感觉和感情是主观的,包含有人的情感色彩,所以质感兼有主、客观的特性。质感首先由触觉感受引起,因为任何材料、质地的物品都是通过与人手、肌肤的接触传递信息。同时在人们的视觉经验中,视觉通过触觉所转移的经验也可以形成不同的质地感受,所以质感同属于视觉与触觉的范畴,相应的也就形成了触觉质感和视觉质感。 产品表面的质感设计将形体塑造成为更为真实、丰富的整体,使产品具有自己独特的形象,以特有的方式向消费者传达产品信息,满足其不同的使用要求。在产品的质感设计中,对于重点部位,尤其是可见部位、常触部位,如面板、商标、操纵键等,应作主要设计,包括视觉质感和触觉质感设计。而对非主要部位,如不可见部位、少触部位,就应考虑从略处理。质感设计的作用可以从以下几个方面说明: 1.提升产品的可操作性 良好的质感设计可以提升产品的可操作性。电子产品的造型中通常会使用表面磨砂的亚光塑料,这种塑料表面具有颗粒感,与传统塑料光滑的表面相比具有更丰富的变化性,表达出优良的品质感,使人乐于触摸,且手感良好。将其恰当地运用到产品的局部设计中,有助于提升产品的可操作性。如图5-1中的游戏手柄设计,上表面采用半透明材质,质感轻盈、明快,符合面向年轻消费群体的形象诉求;手柄背面的PP塑料是不透明亚光质地,磨砂质感增加了与接触面的摩擦力。一般手持式产品的手柄表面还会运用凹凸细纹或者覆盖橡胶、皮革等材质等,使其对人体产生明显的触觉刺激,增加操作的舒适性。

语法填空专题训练(含答案)

语法填空专题训练 Combined by Stella A Making new friends means 1_________(put) yourself out on a limb and asking others not only to accept you, but to like you and want to be around you as well. Unfortunately, there is no 2__________(magic) solution 3__________ this part of the process, so if you want to make friends, take a deep breath and jump right in! 4__________ first step to making new friends is figuring out what is holding you back. A lot of times people 5__________ are interested in making new friends don’t know why they don’t have them. They can’t see that 6__________ won actions are working against them. Once you can identify(确认,确定)what is keeping you from making new friends, you need to work through these concerns. This can be 7__________(pain) because you will need to put yourself outside of your comfort zones to see any real differences. The next step is to shine in these social settings so that others will leave with a positive impression. If you find social situations hard, just rely on a few simple rules. When you feel 8__________(confidence) that you’ve made some great new friends, get out there and celebrate with them! No matter 9__________ you decide to do, the important thing is to celebrate your new friends 10__________ hopefully continue cultivating more. B For your next vacation, why not think of 1__________(visit) Singapore? Singapore is a small city, and it doesn’t have nay beaches 2__________ mountains, but is has a very large zoo. It is also a 3__________(wonder) place for shopping. Don’t plan on driving a car in Singapore. The traffic 4__________(be) heavy in some parts of the city, and most private cars are not 5__________(allow) in downtown Singapore. 6_______ is easiest to get around the city 7_______ subway.

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