北京语言大学考博英语真题常见语法及其解析
北京语言大学考博英语真题常见语法及其解析
(一)数词与表示时间、金钱、度量衡、温度等名词
这类名词作主语表示一定量或总量时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：Two years seems a long time for a patient who has to lie in bed，and do nothing.
分析：该句是复合句，who has to lie in bed，and do nothing 是修饰a patient的定语从句。
译文：对于一个不得不躺在床上并且无事可做的病人来说，两年时间的确很漫长。
例句：Sixty kilograms is a heavy weight for her，so she will try her best to make regular exercises for losing the weight.
分析：该句是并列句。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
译文：60公斤对她来说的确是太重了，于是她将尽最大努力通过日常锻炼来减肥。
(二)分数或百分比+of+单数名词+单数动词
复数名词+复数动词
例句：By the third generation，one third of Hispanic women are married to non Hispanics，and41percent of Asian American women are married to non Asians.
(选自2006年Text1)
分析：该句是由and连接的并列句。
译文：到了第三代，讲西班牙语的移民中，有1/3的妇女嫁给了不讲西
班牙语的美国人。41%的亚洲移民妇女嫁给了不是来自亚洲的美国人。
例句：But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the98percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
(选自2002年Text2)
分析：该句是复合句，主干部分是the human mind can glimpse...and disregard the98percent，分词短语focusing on在句中作伴随状语。
译文：但是人类的头脑能在一瞥之下发现一个迅速改变的场景，随即忽略抛弃其中98%的无关信息，瞬间定位在蜿蜒的林间小路旁的那只猴子或人群中那张可疑的面孔上。
例句：More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California，predominately in San Francisco.
(三)集体名词
army，board，family，committee，couple，crowd，crew，Jury，staff，team，public，government，community，panel(陪审团、专家小组)，think tank(智囊团)作主语，指整体时谓语动词用单数，指集体各成员时，谓语动词用复数。
例句：The panel has not yet reached an agreement on a crucial question，however，whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.(选自1999年Text4)
分析：该句是复合句，其中that would make it...是一定语从句修饰legislation，whether to recommend...其完整形式为whether they are
to recommend，本句的主干为The panel has not yet reached an agreement。
译文：不过，专家小组对是否建议将私人资金用于克隆人类的行为视为犯罪这一问题尚未达成一致意见。
例句：With economic growth has come centralization，fully76 percent of Japan s119million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated，two generation household.(选自2000年Text4)分析：本句是复合句，主干部分为fully76percent of Japan s119 million citizens live in cities，介词with接一从句在句中作状语表示原因，where community and the extended family have been abandoned 是修饰cities的定语从句。
译文：由于经济的发展逐渐集中化，在日本的1.19亿国民中，76%的人居住在城市，社区和大家庭逐渐被独立的、两代人组成的小家庭所取代。
(四)单复数同形的名词作主语
sheep，deer，fish，aircraft，hovercraft，crossroads，headquarters，means，series，works，species等作主语时，根据句中出现的限定词(如：a/an，a few，several，this/that，these/those，every，each，all等)或代词确定谓语动词的单复数。
例句：Furthermore，in the early days of long line fishing，a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.(选自2006年Text3)
分析：该句是复合句，after they had been hooked是时间状语从句。
译文：另外，早期用多钩长线钓鱼，很多被钩过的鱼只能葬身鲨鱼腹中。
例句：In Europe，where forestry is ecologically more advanced，the non commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community，to be preserved as such，within reason. (2010年第49题)
分析：该句是复合句，句子的主体是the non commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community，where引导的定语从句修饰Europe，不定式to be preserved修饰
non commercial tree species，within reason意为“合情合理的;理智的”。
译文：欧洲的林业从生态上讲较为先进，它把没有成为商业化对象的树种视为原始森林群落的一部分而适当地加以保护。
(五)the number of+复数可数名词谓语动词用单数;主语部分为a number of+复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数
例句：When a number of people cluster together in a conversation knot，each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.(1997年第40题)
分析：该句是复合句，主句部分为each individual expresses his position in the group，by...在句中作状语，修饰expresses，where he stands作介词by的宾语从句。
译文：许多人聚在一起谈话时，小组中的每个人都从自己的角度表达了个人立场。
例句：Although the figure may vary，analysts do agree on another matter：that the number of the homeless is increasing，one of the federal government s studies predicts that the number of the
homeless will reach nearly19million by the end of this decade.
(选自2006年Use of English)
分析：该句是复合句，冒号前是让步状语从句，冒号后内容是对其前内容的进一步解释，that the number of the homeless will...是predicts 的宾语。
译文：虽然各种估计的数量不一致，但分析家们却在一件事上达成了一致，即无家可归的人口数量在上升。联邦政府的一项研究预测，在这个十年结束之前，无家可归者的数量将接近1900万。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
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二、导师简介 张维佳男，文学博士,博士生导师。北京语言大学教授，校长助理，校学术委员会委员，中国语言政策与标准研究所所长，汉语言文字学硕士点学科带头人，首都国际文化研究基地（北京市哲学社会科学重点研究基地）教授，上海高校比较语言学E-研究院特聘研究员，澳门语言文化研究中心学术委员会委员，王力语言学奖获得者，教育部、北京市人文社会科学基金项目通讯评审专家。 主要从事汉语语音史、语言地理学、汉语语音习得等领域的教学与研究，近年致力于语言地理信息系统的开发和地理数据库的建设工作。 赵日新，男，籍贯安徽。文学博士，语言研究所教授，硕士研究生导师，现任北京语言大学语言研究所副所长，《语言教学与研究》常务副主编，中国社会语言学会监事、北京市语言学会监事、中国民间文艺家协会女书研究专业委员会常委。 主要研究方向为汉语方言学、社会语言学。目前参与教育部“十五”规划项目《汉语方言地图集》、中国社会科学院A 类重大课题《新编<中国语言地图集>》的调查编制工作。研究成果曾获得国家图书奖荣誉奖，全国辞书一等奖等。 张希峰，人文学院教授，博士生导师。1993年吉林大学考古学专业博士研究生毕业，同年来校任教。 擅长古文字学和词源学。讲授课程有甲骨文研究、两周金文词汇研究、战国文字研究、《说文解字》研究、字源学、毛诗故训研究。主要作品有《汉语词族从考》、《汉语词族续考》、《汉语词族三考》。近年来涉足字库研究和字本位教学探索，也有成果率需发表。07汉语语法学和 语义学施春宏①1011英语或1012日语②2026汉语言文字学综合考试 ③3060汉语语法语义研究 08汉字学陈双新①1011英语或1012日语 ②2026汉语言文字学综合考汉字学 ③3061汉字学
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北京语言大学出土文献语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点 一、专业的设置及考试科目 二、导师简介 魏德胜，男，文学博士，教授。 主要从事汉语词汇史、汉语语法史研究，主持并完成国家社科项目。专著有：《睡虎地秦墓竹简语法研究》、《韩非子语言研究》，代表论文有：《〈敦煌汉简〉中的量词》、《居延新简、敦煌汉简中的"日书"残简》、《上古汉语的习惯用语》、《古汉语中名词的结构义》等。 三、参考书目 专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容： 第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明教育考博分校（官网可咨询）联系。参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参学科、专业名称 及研究方向 指导教师人数考试科目备注 050104中国古典 文献学 101出土文献语言 研究魏德胜 ①1011英语或1012日语②2027古文献阅读③3062上古文献与汉语史※2026古文献 阅读主要包括 文献学基础及 小学基础。※3063古代语言学文献包括 古代语言学史 及其经典著 作。
考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。 第二，专题信息汇总整理。每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。最后一方面是专业前沿问题。每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。 第三，专业真题及解析。专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。 第四，导师的信息。导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。 第五，时事热点话题分析。博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生运用基础理论知识来解决现实热点问题的能力，这一点在初试和复试中都有体现。近几年的真题中都会有联系实际的热点分析。所以考生在复习备考时就应单多阅读一些本专业本学科的最新研究方向研究成果，权威的期刊上面“大牛们”都在关心、探讨什么话题，以及一些时事热点问题能不能运用本专业的知识来加以解释解决。 四、北京语言大学考博英语复习指导 北京语言大学的考博英语满分100分，题型有20题20分的词汇，10分的完形填空，5篇40分的阅读理解，15分的英译汉翻译，15分的作文。北京语言大学考博英语的整
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 1.Mo Yan is_____as one of China’s most talented writers. A.acclaimed B.claimed C.blamed D.studied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：莫言被称为中国最有才华的作家之一。be claimed as意为“被称为”，符合句意，故选B项。 2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more_____or more controversial than Margaret Mead. A.imaginative B.hard-working C.celebrated D.strong-minded 【答案】C 【解析】句意：20世纪的人类学家中没有谁比玛格丽特·米德更著名或者说更有争议。备受争议从侧面说明了她比较出名，celebrated“著名的，有名望的”符合句意。故选C项。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/7814282329.html,munication satellites transmit information more_____than do ordinary shortwave radios. A.conveniently B.reliably C.accessibly D.concisely 【答案】B 【解析】句意：通讯卫星比普通的短波无线电通讯传送信息更加可靠。reliably可靠地。conveniently便利地，合宜的。accessibly可接近地，可得到地。concisely简洁地。这里强
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered
北京语言大学翻译理论与实践考博参考书目导师笔记重点
北京语言大学翻译理论与实践考博参考书目导师笔记重点 一、专业的设置及考试科目 二、导师简介 张威（1971-），男，博士，现为北京语言大学外国语学院教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究兴趣为：功能语言学、翻译（口、笔）理论与教学。主持项目：国家社科基金项目1项、教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”专项资金项目1项、全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金项目1项、教育部人文社科项目1项、校级科研及教改项目多项。参与项目：国家社科基金重大项目1项、国家社科基金项目、教育部人文社科项目各1项。 三、参考书目 专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容： 第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明教育考博分校（官网可咨询）联系。参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：柒伍陆壹，伍贰玖，叁伍，学科、专业名称及研究方向 指导教 师人数 考试科目备注 050201英语语言文 学3 02翻译理论与实践张威①1022二外日语或1024二外法语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语②2033语言运用与翻译实践技能 ③3080翻译理论阐释※翻译理论 阐释分口译、 笔译两类，考生可根据自 己情况选择其一。
专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。 第二，专题信息汇总整理。每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。最后一方面是专业前沿问题。每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。 第三，专业真题及解析。专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。 第四，导师的信息。导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。 第五，时事热点话题分析。博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生运用基础理论知识来解决现实热点问题的能力，这一点在初试和复试中都有体现。近几年的真题中都会有联系实际的热点分析。所以考生在复习备考时就应单多阅读一些本专业本学科的最新研究方向研究成果，权威的期刊上面“大牛们”都在关心、探讨什么话题，以及一些时事热点问题能不能运用本专业的知识来加以解释解决。 四、北京语言大学考博英语复习指导 北京语言大学的考博英语满分100分，题型有20题20分的词汇，10分的完形填空，5篇40分的阅读理解，15分的英译汉翻译，15分的作文。北京语言大学考博英语的整体难度介于六级和老托福之间，对词汇量有很高的要求，特别注重对形近字、意近词和固定搭配以及语法的考察。做阅读理解一定要遵守“实事求是”的原则，翻译这一个题型很容易丢分，要想得高分，每一天都要遵循“八步法”练习三个句子。作文对于考生