高中英语从句精讲与练习(附答案)

高中英语从句精讲与练习(附答案)
高中英语从句精讲与练习(附答案)

高中英语从句讲解与练习

(1)表语从句

1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:

(1) 从属连词。在从句中不做成分。如: I .麻烦是我

把他的地址丢了。 .

(2) 从属连词。如:

1 .他看起来还与十年前一样。

2 . 问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注:从属连词一般不用来引导表语从句,但却可引导表语从句,

如:

, ’s .

这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一

样。

.

注:能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词, , ,等。如:

. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

. 连接代词, , , , , , , 在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。

如: . 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干

的。

.

我想问的是谁离开了。 . 连接副词 , , , 。

I . 我想知道他是何时离开的。

. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。

't .

.

(3) 连词可引导表语从句。如:

I . 我想这是因为你做得太多。

's 't .

's 't . 那是因为他没有理解我.('s ...强调原因)

's .那正是他对我生气的原因。('s ...强调结果)

(4) 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句

中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词原形表示,可省略。如:

() . 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

表语测试

1. .

A. B. C. D.

2. .

A. B. C. D.

3. . ’ s

A. B. C. D.

4.

A. B.

C. D.

5. I .

A. B. C. D.不填

6. I .

A. B. C. D.

7. .

A. B. C. D.

8. .

A. B. C. D.

9.—I !

.

A. B. C. D.

10. ’t .

A. B. ’s

C. D.

11. — .

.

A. B. C. D.

12 .

A. B. C. D. 13. .

A. ;

B. ;

C. ;

D. ;

14. .

A. B. C. D.

15. “” .

A. B. C. D.

16. . .

A. B.

C. D.

17. .

A. …

B. …

C. …

D. …

18. .

A. B. C. D.

19 —I .

— a ?

A. B C. D.

20 a .

A. ’s

B. ’s

C. ’s

D. ’s

21. ? .

A. B. C. D.

22. ’s ?

, ’s .

A. B. I

C. I

D. I

23. .

A. B. C. D.

答案

1~5:

6~10

11~15

16~20:

21~23:

(2)主语从句

1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:

(1) 从属连词。如: .

很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。(2) 从属连词。如:

’ ’t . 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

(3) 连接代词, , , , , , ,

连接副词 , , , 。如:

. 她干了什么尚不清楚。

. 这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。

. 不论谁来都欢迎。

. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。

解释:

1.主语从句能用作形式上的主语。常以作形式主语的句型有:A. 形容词(, , , , , , , , , , , .)从句。如:

. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B. 名词词组( , , a , a , , .)从句。如:

’s a ’t . 很遗憾我们不能去。

’s . 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C. 过去分词(, , , , , , , .)从句。如:

. . 据说格林先生已经到了北京。

.

据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

D. , 等不及物动词及短语从句。如:

. 似乎不来参加晚会。

I . 碰巧我那天外出了。

E. ’t ( , .)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:

’t . 她是否来这无关紧要。

. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F. 当引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

a ? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?

? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?

G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:

! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!

2.注意连接代词, , 等引导主语从句的含义

. ( ) 来的人将受到欢迎。

. ( ) 他所做的事情是正确的。

a . ( ) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖

练习

1. .

A. B. C. D.

2. .

A. ;

B. ;

C. ;

D. ;

3. ’ .

A. B. C. D.

4. .

A. B. C. D.

5. .

A. B.

C. D.

6. .

A. B. C. D.

7 .

A. B. C. D.

8. ’ .

A B C D

9. a .

A. B. C. D.

10 I .

A. B. C. D

11. 't ?

A. B. C. D.

12. a .

A. B. C. D.

13. a .

A. B. C. D.

14. ?

A. B. C. D.

15. a , .

A. ; ;

B. ; ;

C. ; ;

D. ; ;

16. 't

.

A. ;

B. ;

C. ;

D. ;

17.

.

A. B. C. D.

18.

.

A. B. C. D.

19. ?

- .

A. B. C. D.

20. ' .

A. B. C. D.

21. ?

, I . .

A. B. C. D.

22. a .

A. B. C. D.

23. .

a ?

A. B. C. D.

24. I , ?

A. B. C. D.

25. a a .

A. B. C. D.

练习 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 16-20 21-25

(3)宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.

时态:

1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。

2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。

3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。

一、宾语从句的连接词

从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有.

引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而和引导表示“是否”的宾语从

句.

他告诉我他下一年上大学.

I ’t a .

我不知道是否还会有公交车.

.

没人知道他是否会通过考试.

连接代词

连接代词主要有, , , 等.

连接代词一般指疑问,但, 除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. ?

你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?

I ’t .

我不知道你该依靠谁.

.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.

?

你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?

连接副词

连接副词主要有等.

’t .

他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句

大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

, .

我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. .

他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.

部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I .

我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.

?

你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?

动词短语也可以带宾语从句

常见的这些词有:

确保’s 下决心牢记

.

在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.

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Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换). 例如: Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:

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定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义:一个简单句跟在名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考? 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.(2016高考北京卷) A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. (2016高考北京卷) 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.(2016高考全国卷D篇) Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. (2016高考北京卷阅读A篇) ⊙定从原理:把两个句子合为一个,两个句子有相同的部分,此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。

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2.使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题: a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时,如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 1.I told him all (that) I know. 2.He gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2.You can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 1.We talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. 2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句,一个用which引导,另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语,指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语,指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词是which,另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1. 先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时,须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中,须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard. 3. 在被分隔的定语从句中,须用who。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 4. 在以there be开头的句子中,多用who。 There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster. 5. 若有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词是that,另一个须用who。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.

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4. that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可,与后面的名词有所属关系,在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意:指物时,常用以下结构来代替: The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who,若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which;关系代词是所有格时用whose。

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定语从句专项练习一.Choose the best answer. 1.All ____ should be done has been done. A. what B. which C. that D. whatever 2.I, ____ your best friend, will try my best to help you. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 3.Leilei is the girl _____ pronunciation is the best in our class. A. whose B. who C. who’s D. that 4.Can you lend me the book ______ the other day A. you talked about it B. that you talked C. about that you talked D. you talked about 5.The two old friends talked about the persons and places _____ impressed them most. A. which B. who C. where D. that 6.These articles are written in simple language, _____ makes it easy to read. A. that B. this C. which D. it 7.My father works in the factory _____ this type of truck is made. A. in where B. in which C. from which D. of which 8.He is the man to _____ I gave the money. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 9.The very thing _____ brought about a complete change in her life was

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非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句,尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook. 我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。 My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。 如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如:These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。 She is an artist,which I am not. 她是一位艺术家,而我不是。 Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如:She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

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