多功能组合机床外文翻译

Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time Timothy and Jacobs, Denis' A receives then then, outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan university

Summary:The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scale's market. Key word: Make the lathe up Regarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to descr ibe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes. As a result of market demand's unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, today's market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit. Some tradition's manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training. Intuition type technical control The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different size's thing can by the different speed growth. As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According t o the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control system's formation already

made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The AdMac system may realize tool rest's automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization. Okuma Corporation's collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific model's engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply. The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from software's help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine bed's some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person. In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any

model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different discipline the viewpoint never to return. Regarding the programmers, this belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanity's production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more applications. As machine tool has a strong interchangeability, it is necessary to improve the general level of production technology components to improve the accuracy of parts. Complete specification, dynamic and static performance parameters of advanced.

In the machinery manufacturing industry, accounting for about 70% of small and medium batch production, in some of the production enterprises, such as machine tools, valve industry, with its key process using combination of machine tools. The development of adjustable, quick transfer, assembly and flexible to adapt to the characteristics of multi-species processing machine tool is very urgent. Turret machine tool spindle box, can be combined for box-type machine tool spindle and automatic tool change CNC machine tool can be used for small batch production, but the complex structure of such machines, the cost is higher.

The development of new tools. Improve the durability of the tool, greatly shorten the combination of machine tool downtime and more time for tool change and improve the economic benefits of the combined machine.

To develop automatic detection technology. Automatically detect the size and bows and arrows, including the hardness of the blank check, drilling depth, cutting tools break, finishing size and geometry of the inspection, due to the rapid development of electronic components, integrated controller, microprocessor applications, is more automated detection technology reliable, and can be machined components control the actual size smaller than the prescribed tolerance range, but also the workpiece can be

processed are grouped according to tolerance, so that by grouping tolerance assembly. The machinery automation (engine bed), mainly refers to the machine-building industry applies the automated technology, realizes the processing object continuously the automatic production, realizes the optimized effective automatic production process, the increase production investment processing transformation and the flow rate. The machinery automation technology's application and the development, are the machine-building industry technological transformations, the technology advancement principal means and the technological development main direction. Machinery automation technical standards, not only affects the entire machine-building industry the development, and has the very tremendous immediate influence to the national economy various departments' technology advancement. Therefore, develops our country's machine-building industry automation technology, conforms to our country socialism basic principle, conforms to our country modern production law of development. How to develop our country's machinery automation technology (engine bed), here has the technical policy question, should be realistic, all embark from our country's concrete national condition, do each foundation work, takes the China's road of machinery automation technological development. The domestic and foreign industry history tells us, realizes the machinery automation is from to high-level, from simply to complex, from is preliminarily imperfect the consummation the developing process. After machine's operation uses the automatic regulator, the production method only then gradually transits from the mechanization to the mechanism control (tradition) automated, the numerical control automation, the computer control automation. Only then after having established the Automated factory, the production process can overall automate, can make the productivity to enhance comprehensively, achieves automated the high-level ideal stage. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reaction's ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definition's manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production method's machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this

kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture system's automation overall needs (an overall Automated factory to spend several hundred hundred million US dollars, flexible manufacture system regular price is 600 ~ 25,000,000 US dollars), undertakes the huge risk, in addition questions and so on technical difficulty and reliability, the world industrially advanced country started “to run into a wall produces a dif ferent product”, transfers pays great attention the information integration the effect, pursues low cost automation LCA (Low Cost Automation) enterprise organizational structure and movement way. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on. Machine tool and general purpose machine tools and other special machine comparison, has the following characteristics:

1) The combination of machine tool parts and standard parts common about all the machine parts and components of the total 70 to 80%, so the design and manufacturing cycle is short, less investment, high efficiency, good economic results.

2) The combination of multi-machine tool processing, and high degree of automation, so tools than general-purpose high production efficiency, product quality and stability, low labor intensity.

3) General machine tool components are carefully designed and long-term production practice test, another batch manufacturing plant, so the structure stable, reliable, easy to use and maintenance.

4) When processing parts on a combination machine, the use of special fixtures, tools and guidance devices, processing quality assurance by the technology and equipment, less demanding on the operative level.

5) When the processing of product updates, the use of other types of special machine tools, its most of the pieces to be scrapped. Combination machine tool, its common parts and standard parts can be reused, do not be designed and manufactured.

6) machine tool automatic machine tool easily linked into line to meet the needs of large-scale production. Machine tool commonly used in general components are: body, base, column, power box, power slide, cutting a variety of first class technology. For some sequential processing by the multi-station machine tool, also has a movable table or rotary table. Power box, cutting head and a variety of technology is a combination of power sliding table cutting machine to complete the main campaign or feed movement of the power unit. Also managed to complete the cutting of which the main movement and feed movement of the power head. Body, column, the middle base is a combination of machine tools and other supporting components, play a machine based skeleton. Machine tool parts between rigidity and accuracy of preservation, mainly by these parts guarantee.

多功能组合机床

美国密歇根大学菲利普

摘要：总的机床加工中心需求的变化，这可能会导致加工制造业不断变化，采用有效的劳动力集中，并在全球范围内提高市场竞争力。

关键词：关于多功能组合机床组成

机床工具在工业领域有许多名称来形容，类似“多任务处理装置”，“多功能引擎床”，“多步骤生产制度“等，它可被称为真正加工领域的新星，可降低成本，简化配置，因此美国只继续保留在境内生产。在过去，只有用多机操作才能完成的任务，现在可以集中过程，以一台机床完成。由于市场需求的不断变化，产品生命周期不断缩短，市场竞争加剧，今天的市场需要多任务分期付款的概念。随着精艺管理的推出，整个生产环境，由不集中的零件加工到机器上集中一次得以完成。一些传统的制造业厂商认为多功能组合机床，工具过于复杂，很难找到合适的营办商，主要原因是缺少对工作的基本原则，工序复杂，现场和生产车间相关创新，机床使用的解决方案等方面的培训。直觉型技术控制设备使用“带走热量”式设计，不同的材料，床身，钢制直线滚动导轨的钢制周转箱鞍和设备的使用，使所有这些设备结合在一台机床。其中，热传导和体积膨胀是相互影响的。所有不同大小的东西有不同的体积增长速度。由于这一原因，需要做的是认识发热在哪里，可以通过合理的补偿解决机床设计中的薄弱点，实现柔性机床。该部分是整个行程的运动。机床滑动会产生激烈摩擦和变形。热加工生产的进程进行到不同的阶段，可以混合制冷剂在整个过程中，并且机床

将提交一份关于刀具的不同温度承受范围，因此也有许多工序都受到热稳定性的影响。

随着切削刀具技术转向多功能组合机床，它就成了具备铣削和切削功能的“多功能机床”。据资料记载，这些机床最显著的特点是智能的。由于防碰撞保护技术已经成熟，在某些情况下，立即采用手动操作模式，就可避免发生的冲突。由于控制软件有很好的及时性，用户操作界面也在不断完善。相信多功能组合机床将应用于世界各地制造业，在更多不同的加工场景中，离线编程优化和数控全自动控制系统的形成已经使得这项技术更加易于接受，所以当使用程序时，机床并不需要花很多时间调试运行程序，并能够确认修改部分没问题。如果组件需要提供高，低两个旋转拖具同时进行粗加工，在这种情况下的编程是相当困难的，因为它需要两个旋转拖具不断横向进给。该系统可以反馈AdMac刀架自动编程的同时并能给出所有参数对应正确的主轴速度，进给量，而且实现了同步。大隈公司的防碰撞系统设计基于实际加工经营和防碰撞模拟技术，因此，如果该公司已安装了错误的切削工具或建立了错误的参数，控制系统将进行检查，防止机床进入加工。

通过与西门子合作，INDEX公司可提供三维图案现显示”虚拟机床”,并已定制一些特定型号的机床于程序中。研究结果表明，模拟过程不仅制作的零件和产品的实际最终是相似的，而且是一对一个的模拟仿真。直观式控制界面，仿真以及其他软件技术的进步，更多的生产车间已经愿意趋向多功能组合机床加工，但如果机床生产商没有相应的

知识培训和解决现场突发问题的能力，制造商也很难充分利用先进机床灵活性方面的优势。机器做的工作越多，机器将越复杂，同时也需要有较强相应技能的人才能来操作。在过去，如果机械师一天可以生产3台机床组件，那么现在他有这样一个多功能机床，可能会产生更多的组件。更重要的是，他可以借助相关软件的帮助，促使生产效率更高，零部件加工过程简化，也可以确立加工工艺方案。由于需要更换3主轴部件，因此在更换之前，车间应处理尽可能多的组件。由于多用途引擎床转换组件速度快，所以生产批量的时间间隔较短，生产效率较高。

经过关于能否广泛的使用多功能组合机床的一些研讨会的召开，大家很快发现各种功能之间是统一的。过去一个车间可能要用一个操作者，一个调解人员，一个编程人员，现在这三个不同的工作完全可以由一个人来做。相比传统的工艺中，机械师将由一名工程师来担当，如果该工程师熟悉零件的加工工序，这将是更理想的。对于这种转变，培训将更加简单，就像火车只有一个方向而不是三个方向。从长远来看，这也将提高操作员对该职位的满意度。当工程师在做规划时，将会更加注重零件加工的全过程，完成全过程控制。此外，他还需要努力向刀具使用和工艺规划方面发展，还要做出任何型号的多功能组合机床的工具，因此，车间需要提供熟练的机械师，他要有能力完成多种灵活的操作。所以，横向培训比以往任何时候都重要，机械加工中将铣，车视为完全不同学科的观点将不再了。对于程序员来说，这是属于他自己的时间，谁编的程序，谁就会明白机床的功能，谁就能完

全操作它，这就是编程人员的个人能力了。生活中大多数人不会选择把普通轿车的轮胎用在赛车上，但是工艺师选择刀具时却是可以的。可能大家认为新的机床应配以新的刀具，否则旧的刀具将会影响新的机床加工效率，但是为了配合多功能组合机床，新的刀具和刀具适配技术也已经开发，目前工业领域开发的新加工刀具，可实现同一刀架上车削，镗削加工混合进行的演练，甚至你都不能分清是哪种加工方法了。新的刀具技术的提出在本世纪的发展将是非常迅速的，同时也是将是影响巨大的科学与技术之一。现代自动化技术是一种全新的生产力，是直接创造社会财富的主要途径，也是推动人类生产活动和物质文明前进的动力之一。因此，自动化技术获得很多国家的广泛重视。由于组合机床具有很强的互换性，所以必须提高通用部件的生产技术水平，提高部件的精度。品种规格齐全，动，静态性能参数先进。

在机械制造工业中，中小批量生产约占70%，在某些中批量生产企业中，如机床，阀门行业等，其关键工序采用组合机床。发展可调，快调，装配灵活，适应多品种加工特点的组合机床十分迫切。转塔主轴箱式组合机床，可换主轴箱式组合机床以及自动换刀式数控组合机床可以用于中小批量生产，但是这类机床结构复杂，成本较高。

发展新刀具。提高了刀具的耐用度，大大可缩短多刀具组合机床停机换刀的时间，提高了组合机床的经济效益。

大力发展自动检测技术。自动检测包括对毛坯尺寸和弓箭硬度的检查，钻孔深度，刀具折断，精加工尺寸和几何形状的检查等，由于电子元件迅速发展，集成控制器，微处理器的应用，是自动化检测技

术更加可靠，可以把被加工零件的实际尺寸控制在比规定公差更小的范围之内，还可以把加工后的工件按公差带进行分组，以便于按分组的公差带装配。

机械自动化（机床），主要指的是机器制造工业自动化技术的应用，实现加工对象的连续自动化生产，实现有效的自动优化生展，而且还直接广泛的影响到国民经济各部门的技术进步。因此，努力发展我国的机械工业自动化技术，是符合我国社会主义的基本原则，符合我国现代化生产规律的发展。如何发展我国的机械自动化技术（机床），应该本着实事求是，一切从我国的具体国情出发，做好各项基础工作，重视我国的机械自动化技术发展的道路。国内外同行的发展历史告诉我们，实现机械自动化是从低层次到高层次，从简单到复杂，从不完善到完善的发展过程。只有经过机器的自动调节操作，才能逐渐由生产方法过渡到生产机制，从控制（传统）自动化，数控自动化，计算机控制的自动化到机械自动化。只有成立了自动化的工厂之后，生产过程才能整体自动化，可以使生产力全面提高，进而实现高层次的自动化的理想。机械自动化技术从20世纪20年代第一次启动机器大批量加工生产过程中开发应用程序开始，在60年代，为适应市场需求和变化，以期促进机械工业有灵活的市场快速反应的能力，开始建立变量自动化生产系统，即围绕计算机技术的柔性自动化。它是在制造系统不变或变小的情况下，机器设备或者程序通过自动检测，利用信息处理分析判断能否实现预期的操作，也即是对某种过程的一种自动执行，并且可以从一种组件自动转换到另一种不同的组件。社会

实践证明，这种定义下的生产系统自动化实际上与当代大多数企业并不适应。当代社会还没有在科学和技术，物质和人员方面为实现这一自动化做好准备，如果坚持那样做的话我们只是做了无用功。这种情况对于生产方法相对独立的机械工业，难度将更大。在80年代国际上出现了开始使用计算机集成制造系统CIMS（计算机集成制造），初期采取对一个关键点的信息集成，以此为特色的自动化程度高，但是在实现的过程中有很多困难，柔性自动化生产模式也有这种情况。鉴于已经对计算机集成制造系统（一个整体自动化工厂需要花数百万美元，柔性制造系统的正常价值在数千万美元之间）投入很多资金的事实，因此CIMS整体需要承担着巨大的风险等问题，同时还有技术可靠性的难度，世界工业先进国家开始“以碰壁方式生产不同的产品”，注重转移信息集成的效果，追求低成本的自动化生命周期分析（低成本自动化）企业组织机构和运行方式。机床未来的发展将更多的利用变速电机和滚珠丝杠传输，将简化结构，降低生产成本；也可以采用数控系统和主轴箱，夹具自动更换系统，以及集成了柔性制造系统等来提高工艺的可控性。

组合机床与通用机床、其他专用机床比较，具有以下特点：

1）组合机床上的通用部件和标准零件约占全部机床零、部件总量的70～80%，因此设计和制造的周期短，投资少，高效率，经济效果好。2）由于组合机床采用多刀加工，并且自动化程度高，因此比通用机床生产效率高，产品质量稳定，劳动强度低。

3）组合机床的通用部件是经过周密设计和长期生产实践考验的，又

有厂成批制造，因此结构稳定、工作可靠，使用和维修方便。

4）在组合机床上加工零件时，由于采用专用夹具、刀具和导向装置等，加工质量靠工艺装备保证，对操作工人水平要求不高。

5）当被加工产品更新时，采用其他类型的专用机床时，其大部分件要报废。用组合机床时，其通用部件和标准零件可以重复利用，不必另行设计和制造。

6）组合机床易于联成组合机床自动线，以适应大规模的生产需要。组合机床常用的通用部件有：机身、底座、立柱、动力箱、动力滑台，各种工艺切削头等。对于一些按循序加工的多工位组合机床，还具有移动工作台或回转工作台。动力箱、各种工艺切削头和动力滑台是组合机床完成切削主运动或进给运动的动力部件。其中还有能同时完成切削主运动和进给运动的动力头。机身、立柱、中间底座等是组合机床的支承部件，起着机床的基础骨架作用。组合机床的刚度和部件之间的精度保持性，主要是由这些部件保证。