Review of units 1-4词句精讲精练

Review of units 1-4词句精讲精练
Review of units 1-4词句精讲精练

Review of units 1-4

词句精讲精练

词汇精讲

1. on

(1)on用来表示时间时,表示具体到某一天的时间。

例如:on Sunday 在周日

on the morning of Friday 在周五的早上

(2)on用来表示方位时,意为“在……之上”。

例如:Your book is on the desk. 你的书在桌子上。

(3)on还可以表示“通过(某种方式)”。

例如:I study English on the radio.

我通过收音机学英语。

拓展:in the tree 与on the tree的区别

in the tree 表示外来的事物,不是树上长出来的。on the tree是树上长出来的。

例如:There is a cat in the tree. 树上有只猫。

There are some apples on the tree. 树上有些苹果。

2. it’s&its

it’s 是it is的缩写,意为:“它是”。

例如:It’s a book. 它是一本书。

its 是物主代词,意为:“它的”。

例如:its hands 它的手

3. this&that; these&those

这四个词是指示代词。this,that是单数形式,意为:“这个,那个”;these, those 是复数形式,意为:“这些,那些”。this 和these 表示近指,指近处的事物;that和those表示远指,指远处的事物。

例如:This is a black cat. 这是一只黑猫。

That is a yellow bike. 那是一辆黄色的自行车。

These are some apples. 这是一些苹果。

Those are some peaches. 那是一些桃子。

4. no&not

(1)no可以用来回答一般疑问句,但是not不可以。not可以和助动词等缩写,但是no 不可以。

例如:-Do you like going swimming? 你喜欢游泳吗?

-No, I don’t. 不,不喜欢。

此处不可以用“Not, I don’t.”来回答,并且此处don’t是do和not的缩写,不可以用no。

(2)no还可以单独使用来修饰名词。当修饰可数名词单数时相当于“not a/ an+可数名词”;

修饰不可数名词时相当于“not any”。

例如:We have no pens. = We don’t have any pens. 我们没有钢笔。

She doesn’t have a book. = she has no book. 她没有书。

5. some&any

some和any意思都是“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词,

some一般用在肯定句,any一般用于疑问句和否定句。

例如:There are some eggs in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些鸡蛋。

There are not any eggs in the fridge. 冰箱里没有一些鸡蛋。

Are there any eggs in the fridge?冰箱里有鸡蛋吗?

注意:some 可以用于疑问句中构成委婉语气。

例如:Would you like some bananas? 你想吃些香蕉吗?

any也可以用于肯定句中,表示“任何”。

例如:He likes any book in his father’s room.

他喜欢他爸爸房间里的任何一本书。

6. a, an&the

“a, an, the”统称为冠词。其中“a/ an”是不定冠词,表泛指;可以翻译为“一个(支,把……)”,用于单数可数名词前。也可以用于第一次提到某人或者某事等其他情况。

例如:I have a sister. 我有一个姐姐。

There is a cup on the table. 桌子上有个杯子。

She is an English teacher. 她是个英语老师。

a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。

例如:She is a student. 她是个学生。

He is an honest boy. 他是个诚实的孩子。

“the”是定冠词,表特指;意为“这(个),那(个);这(些),那(些)”。

可以指说话双方都知道的人或事,还可以用于指前面提到过的人或事等其他情况。

例如:I have a watch. The watch is very nice. 我有一块手表。那个手表很漂亮。

7. am, is, are

am, is are 统称为“be”动词。be动词在句子中作谓语时,会随着时态和主语的变化而变化。目前我们只学习了一般现在时中be动词的变化。在一般现在时中,当句子的主语是I 时,be动词用am;当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,be动词用is;其余情况用are。

例如:I am a student. My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too. And my grandparents are doctors. 我是个学生。我爸爸是个老师。我妈妈也是个老师。我祖父母是医生。

You are my friend. 你是我的朋友。

He is your friend. 他是你的朋友。

We are all friends. 我们都是朋友。

8. but&and

这两个词都是并列连词,在句子中可以连接两个或者两个以上并列的词、短语或者句子“and”意为“和”,有时可以不翻译。可以用来表示:并列关系、承接关系强调反复和连续。

例如:She and I are good friends. (表并列)

她和我是好朋友。

This is my bed, and that’s yours. (表承接)

这是我的床,那是你的。

She sang and sang. (表反复)

她唱了又唱。

“but”意为“但是”,表示前后意义的转折。

例如:I’m a student, but she isn’t.

我是个学生,但是她不是。

9. a set of

a set of 可以修饰可数名词的复数,意为“一串/一套……”,

例如:a set of keys 一串钥匙

a set of books 一套书

英语中可以用名词构成的词组去修饰另一个名词,来表示这个名词的量。被修饰的名词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。

例如:

a glass of water 一杯水

a piece of paper 一张纸

a group of children 一群学生

此时,用来构成量词的名词的单复数,由它前面的数字决定。被修饰的名词,可数名词要根据量来决定用单数还是复数;不可数名词要用原形,没有单复数的变化。

例如:two glasses of water 两杯水

two sets of books 两套书

10. in English

介词in可以用来表示“使用某种材料”。

例如:She writes in ink. 她用墨水写。

in和表示语言的词用在一起,表示使用某种语言。

例如:in Chinese 用汉语,in Japanese 用日语。

I can write the article in English. 我可以用英语写这篇文章。

词汇精练

Ⅰ. 英汉互译。

1. come on _______

2. 用英语________

3. phone number ________

4. 在树上_______

5. a set of _______

6. 它的眼睛_______

7. last name_______ 8. 处处,到处_______

9. play tennis_______ 10. 一个苹果______

Ⅱ. 按要求写出单词的适当形式。

1. here (反义词)________

2. too(同音词)________

3. it is (缩写)________

4. is(复数)________

5. this (反义词)_______

6. that (复数)________

III. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

1. ________ is a girl, _______ name is Gina. (she)

2. What’s _________ telephone number? (he)

3. There_________(be) some tall buildings in the city.

4. Joe_________ (play) with his friends every afternoon.

5. Are there different___________(kind) of animals on the earth?

6. She ________(have)ice cream for dessert(甜点).

7. Where ______ (be) your photos?

8. _______(be) they on the wall?

9. Is this_______ (you) dictionary?

10. The keys______ (be) Bob’s.

IV. 听力链接。

(2016 福建漳州期中)

A.句子理解:听句子,找出与你所听内容相符的图片。(每小题读两遍)

1.________

2._________

3.________

4._________

5. _________

B.情景反应:根据你所听到的句子,选择恰当的答语。(每小题读两遍)

6. A. They’re pencils. B. Yes, it is. C. It’s a pencil.

7. A. How are you? B. E-G-G, egg. C. I’m ten.

8. A. No, I am not. B. I’m in Class One. C. I’m in Grade Seve n.

9. A. Sorry. B. Right. C. That’s OK.

10. A. No, it’s a car. B. No, it’s a bike. C. Yes, it’s a bike.

C.对话理解:听对话,选择最佳答案回答问题。(对话读两遍)

11. Whose jacket is this?

A. It’s Lucy’s .

B. It’s Bill’s.

C. We don’t know.

12. Is Nancy eleven years old ?

A. Yes, she is.

B. No, she isn’t D. No, he isn’t.

13. What color does Mr. Huang like ?

A. Brown.

B. Blue.

C. Black

14. What are these?

A. They’re oranges.

B. They’re apples.

C. They’re bananas.

15. What does the boy want?

A. Some rulers.

B. Some erasers.

C. Some boxes.

Name: Bruce From: 16.____________

Age(年龄): 17._________ Looks: 18.having a ________face clothes 19.in a black________ Favorite color 20.____________

参考答案

Ⅰ. 英汉互译。

1. 加油

2. in English

3. 电话号码

4. in/on the tree

5. 一套……

6. its eyes

7. 姓

8. everywhere/here and there

9. 打网球10. an apple

Ⅱ. 按要求写出单词的适当形式。

1. there

2. two/to

3. it’s

4. are

5. that

6. those

III. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

1. She, her

2. his

3.are

4.plays

5.kinds

6. has

7. are

8. Are

9. your 10. are

IV.听力链接。

参考答案:

A: 1.C 2.E 3.D 4.B 5.A

B: 6. C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B

C: 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.A

D: 16. Canada 17. twelve/12 18. round 19. T-shirt 20. green

听力材料:

A.句子理解:听句子,找出与你所听内容相符的图片。(每小题读两遍)

1. The dress is whit e. It’s nice.

2. David is from England.

3. I like oranges a lot.

4. Those are buses.

5. He has a wide mouth.

B.情景反应:根据你所听到的句子,选择恰当的答语。(每小题读两遍)

6. What’s this in English?

7. How do you spell it?

8. Are you in Grade Seven?

9. Thank you.

10. Is that a car?

C. 对话理解:听对话,选择最佳答案回答问题。(对话读两遍)

11. W: Bill, this jacket is nice. Is it yours?

M: No, it’s not mine. It’s Lucy’s.

W: Question: Whose jacket is this?

12. M: Hi, Nancy! Are you ten years old?

W: No, I am eleven.

W: Question: Is Nancy eleven years old ?

13. W: Do you like blue, Mr. Huang?

M: Yes, I like blue very much.

W: Question: What color does Mr. Huang like?

14. W: Are these apples ?

M: No, they aren’t. They are bananas.

W: Question: What are these?

15. M: Mom, I want some rulers.

W: They are in the box.

W: Question : What does the boy want ?

D. 听短文填表格:根据短文内容,填写表格,每空填一词。(短文读三遍)

I have a friend at school. He is from Canada. His name is Bruce. He is twelve. He has a round face. His eyes are big. His favorite color is green. He is in a black T-shirt and white pants now. He and I are not in the same class, but we are in the same grade. His telephone number is 2674853.He is a cool boy.

句式精讲

1. Nice to meet you.

见到你很高兴。

这是一个用于初次见面的有礼貌的问候语,表示“见到你很高兴”的意思。它的回答用“Nice to meet you, too.”,经常用在两个人初次见面或者经别人介绍后认识时的互相问候。

例如:Li Lei:Mum. this is my teacher, Miss Wang. Miss Wang, this is my mother.

妈妈,这是我的老师,王老师。王老师,这是我妈妈。

Li Lei's mother: Hello, Miss Wang! Nice to meet you! 你好,王老师!很高兴见到您!

Miss Wang: Hello! Nice to meet you, too. 您好!我也很高兴见到你。

类似用法的还有:Glad / Pleased to see/ meet you. 回答时用:Glad / Pleased to see/ meet you, too.

此外,第一次见面时还可以用How do you do? 回答也用How do you do?

2.This/That is my friend Jane.

这/那是我的朋友简。

当我们把一个人介绍给另外一个人的时候,经常用这个句型,而不是用“He is…”

或者“S he is…”。

例如:-Mum, this is my teacher. 妈妈,这是我的老师。

-Miss Wang, this is my mother. 王老师,这是我妈妈。

此外,我们在指近处的物体时用“This is…”句型;指远处的物体时用“That is …”句型。

例如:This is my aunt. 这是我姑姑。

That is my friend. 那是我的朋友。

注意:“This is”不能缩写,但是“That is”可以缩写成“That’s”。

例如:Look, that’s my friend, B ob. 看,那是我的朋友,鲍勃。

3. Is this / that your pencil?

这是/那是你的铅笔吗?

这个句式是“This / That is your pencil.”的一般疑问句。

它的肯定回答用:Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

否定回答用:No, it isn’t. 不,它不是。

把“This / That is ...”这样的句子变成一般疑问句时,要把be动词放在句子的开头并且大写;把句子末尾的句号变成问号;其它相关的词也要做相应的变化。比如:把some变为any等。

例如:This / That is my backpack. 这是/ 那是我的双肩背包。(陈述句)

Is this/ that my backpack? 这是/那是我的双肩背包吗?(一般疑问句)

4. -Where is my schoolbag?

-It’s under the sofa.

-我的书包在哪里?

-它在沙发下面。

句型“Where + be + 主语(人或物)?”用来询问某人或某物在哪个地方。where’s 是where is的缩写形式;where意为“在哪里”,be要随着后面主语的变化而变化变化,主语是单数时用is,复数时用are。这个句子是特殊疑问句,因此回答时不能用yes或no,而是要回答具体的内容。

例如:-Where’s my hat? 我的帽子在哪儿?

-It’s on the desk. 在桌子上。

-Where are my shoes? 我的鞋在哪里?

-They’re under my bed. 在我的床底下。

5. -What’s this/that in English?

-It’s a map.

这个/那个用英语怎么说?

它是一幅地图。

“w hat’s”是“what is”的缩写形式,意为“……是什么?”,是一个特殊疑问句。

与中文语序不一样,疑问词“what”总是放在句首的位置。句中的“this”意为“这个”,是指示代词,用来指离说话人较近的人或事物。

例如:This is a pen. 这是一只钢笔。

当指离说话人较远的人或者事物时,用“that”。

例如:That is my school bag. 那是我的书包。

注意:这个句子在回答的时候要用人称代词而不用指示代词。

例如:What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?

It’s a table. 它是一张桌子。(正确)

This is a table. 这是一张桌子。(错误)

6. Spell it, please.

请拼一下。

1)这是一个祈使句。在英文中,表示祈求或者命令等语气时用祈使句。祈使句的肯定句以动词原形开头。否定句一般在肯定句的句首加don’t。

例如:Open the door, please! 请把门打开!

Don’t speak in class! 不要在课堂上讲话!

2)“spell”是拼写的意思,因此这句话的答语就是将组成这个单词的每个字母说一遍。

书写这个答语时,拼出的每个字母都要大写,且中间要加连字符号。

例如:-What’s that? 那是什么?

-It’s an apple. 是个苹果。

-Spell it, please. 请拼一下。

-A-P-P-L-E. 苹——果。

7. What about…?

……怎么样/好吗?

What about= How about,意为“……怎么样/好吗?”。用来询问消息或者提出建议,其中的about是介词,后面要加名词或者动名词。

例如:What / How about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样?

What / How about the red coat? 这件红色的外套怎么样?

拓展:其他提建议的句式还有:

Why not…?= Why don’t you…?意为“为什么不……呢?”

例如:Why not/Why don’t you ask your teacher for help?

为什么不向老师寻求帮助呢?

had better do 意为“最好……”。

例如:You’d better go to bed now. 你最好现在就去睡觉。

8. Thank you for…

谢谢你……

1)“Thank you for…”相当于“Thanks for…”,指因某种原因而感谢对方。句式中的介词for意为“为了”,后常接名词或者动词的-ing形式来表示感谢的原因。

例如:Thank you for your help.= Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

2)“Thank you for…”中的thank是动词,而“Thanks for…”中的thank是名词。我们要注意thank的不同词性。

例如:The old man gave thanks to me.(thank 做名词)

那老人向我致谢。

Thank you very much!(thank做动词)

多谢你!

句式精练

Ⅰ. 重新排列下列句子顺序,使对话通顺。

1. How are you, Tina?

2. Fine, thank you. And you?

3. Hello, Marco.

4. This is Tina.

5. Tina, this is Marco.

6. Hello, Sandra.

7. Fine, too.

正确的顺序是:__________________

Ⅱ. 句型转换。

1. This is a pen in English. (对划线部分提问)

________________________________

2. The notebook is in the bag.(对划线部分提问)

_______ _______ the notebook?

3. My bed is yellow. (对划线部分提问)

_______ _______ is _______ bed?

4. This is a bookcase. (变为一般疑问句)

________________________________

5. They are some alarm clocks.(单数)

_______ is _______ alarm _________.

6. I know. (否定句)

I _______ know.

7. There are some apples on the tree. (改为一般疑问句) ________ there ___________ apples on the tree?

8. This is my cousin. (改为复数形式)

_______ _______ my _______.

9. James is fine. (对划线部分提问)

_______ ______ James ?

10. Her phone number is 805-4239.(对划线部分提问)_______ ______her phone number ?

III. 完成句子。

1.你的电话号码是多少?

What’s your _______ ______?

2.我是Anna,很高兴见到你。

I _______ Anna. Nice _______ ______ you.

3. 这些是我的朋友。

_______ _______ my friends.

4. 那是我叔叔,我父亲的弟弟。

_______ is my ______, my father’s brother.

5.这是他的学生证吗?

Is this his ________ _______?

6. 我的书在哪里? 它们在书柜里.

—________ ________ my __________?

—_________ on the bookcase.

7. 他的钥匙在椅子上吗? 不, 它们在书包里.

—Are his ________ in the _________?

—No, ________ in the _________.

8. 那个是我的电脑游戏。

_________my computer _________.

9. -这是你的手表吗?

-不是。

-Is this ________ ________?

-_________,it isn't.

10. -你的棒球在桌子下面吗? -是的.

-_________ your baseball _________ the ________ ?

-Yes, it is.

IV.根据对话内容,填写所缺单词,每空一词。

(2016 福建漳州期中)

A: Who is the letter from, Ben ?

B: It’s from my pen pal , David.

A: 1 he speak Chinese?

B: No, he doesn’t .He 2 English. But he knows a lot about China. A: Does he live 3 China?

B: Yes, he does.

A: 4 does he say in the letter?

B: He says he wants to visit the Great Wall.

A: Oh, he can help you with your English.

B:Yes, you’re 5 .

参考答案

Ⅰ. 3-6-4-5-1-2-7

Ⅱ. 句型转换。

1. What’s this in English?

2. Where, is

3. What, colour, your

4. Is this a bookcase?

5. It, an, clock

6. don’t

7. Are, any 8. These, are, cousins9. How, is 10. What, is

III. 完成句子。

1. telephone number

2.am,to meet

3. These are

4. That, uncle

5. ID card

6. Where, are, books, They’re

7. keys, chair, they’re, schoolbag

8.That’s, game 9. your, watch, No 10. Is, under, table

IV. 根据对话内容,填写所缺单词,每空一词。

1. Does

2.speaks

3.in

4. What

5.right

2015大连理工大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练

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