直接引语与间接引语的用法

直接引语与间接引语的用法
直接引语与间接引语的用法

直接引语与间接引语:

直接引语和间接引语在句中都作宾语。一字不漏地引述别人的话叫直接引语;用自己的话转

述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语应注意以下问题:

(1)间接引语的引述动词,除了常见的say,tell外,还有ask,add,admit,announce,argue,explain,insist,promise,repeat,reply,suggest,warn等表示说话的动词。这些动词后的宾语从句常用从属连词that引导,这种连词有时可以省略。但当引导词为who,what,which,when,where,how,why等词时,这些疑问代词和疑问副词便不能省略。引述动词大多数可以不变,但有的必须变化,如:“What’s this? ”cried Dr.Sun.→Dr.Sun asked in surprise what that was。

时态变化的情况

如果主句为过去的某种时态,则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态,如下表所示:

直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语

一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时

一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时

过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时

e.g.Tina said,“I usually get up at six.”→

Tim said she usually got up at six.

蒂娜说她通常六点起床。(一般现在时变为一般过去时)

Martin told me,“I rang Alice yesterday.”→

Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.

马丁告诉我说他昨天已经给艾丽斯打电话了。(一般过去时变为过去完成时)

Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.”

Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.

尼娜告诉我丽莎正在国外学习。(现在进行时变为过去进行时)

Hayley said to me,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow.”→

Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.

海莉对我讲她第二天要在同一地点见我。(一般将来时变为过去将来时)

Nell said,“I have worked out this problem.”→

Nell said that she had worked out that problem.

内尔说她已经做出了那道题目。(现在完成时改为过去完成时)

Bob told me,“I had worked here for years before I moved out.”→

Bob told me that he had worked there for years before he moved out.

鲍勃告诉我说他在那儿工作了多年才搬走。(过去完成时不变)

(2)时态不需要变化的几种情况

一般说来当直接引语转为间接引语,被转述的话依然有效或在当时、当地转述时,常常不改变时态。具体有以下几种情况。

①直接引语有确定的过去时间时。

e.g.Chloe said,“The story took place in the 1930s.”→

Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s.

克劳说这个故事发生在二十世纪三十年代。

②只着眼于转述事实,而不侧重动作先于转述动作的时间时。

e.g.The boy said,“I found the dog just at the edge of the wood.”→

The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood.

男孩说他在森林边上发现了那条狗。

③所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续,并对此点加以强调时。

e.g.The reporter said,“The war is now still on.”→

The reporter said that the war is now still on.

记者说战争依然在继续。

Charlie told me,“I am just helping my dad on the farm right now.”→

Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now.

查理告诉我说他现在正在农场帮他父亲干活。

④所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等,并对此加以强调时。

e.g.Our English teacher said,“All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.”→

Our English teacher told US that all work no play makes Jack a dull boy.

我们的英语老师告诉我们只顾学习不休息,聪明的孩子也变傻。

3.指示代词的变化

直接引语中的this在变为间接引语时应改为that,these改为those。

e.g.Toby said to me,“This is the School Computer Center.”→

Toby said to me that was the School Computer Center.(this变为that)

托比告诉我说那就是学校计算机中心。

Kerry told me,“These photos were taken ten years ago.”→

Kerry told me that those photos had been taken ten years before.(these变为those) 克里告诉我说那些照片是十年前拍的。

注意:

在说话者的当时、当地转述时,this,that不用改变。

—Nora said,“I’ll take this book.”

—What did Nora say just now?

—She said she will take this book.

4.时间状语的变化

直接引语间接引语

now现在then那时

today今天that day那天

this evening今晚that evening那天晚上

yesterday昨天the day before前天

yesterday morning昨天上午the morning before前天早晨

last night昨天晚上the night before前天晚上

two days ago两天前two days before两天前

the next week

next week下周

the following week第二周

the next day

tomorrow明天

the following day第二天

the day before yesterday前天two days before两天前

in two days’ time

the day after tomorrow后天

two days after两天后

e.g.Nell said,“I’m now visiting China.”→

Nell said that she was then visiting China.

内尔说她当时正访问中国。(now变为then)

Rebecca asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”→

Rebecca asked me whether I had got anything on that evening.

丽贝卡问我那天晚上是否有事。(this evening变为that evening)

Joanna said,“Professor Black is going to give a lecture on SARS next week.”→

Joanna said that Professor Black was going to give a lecture on SARS the next week.

乔安娜说布莱克教授第二周要做一场有关非典的讲座。(next week变为the next week) 特别提示

在说话者的当时、当地转述时,所说的话在转述时还起作用,时间状语不变。

e.g.—Jimmy, we’ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.

吉米,明天我们到夏威夷去旅行。

—What did Daddy say just now, Mummy?

妈妈,爸爸说什么?

—He said we’ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.

他说明天我们去夏威夷旅行。

5.地点状语的变化

常见的地点状语变化是把here,变为there。另外over here应变为over there。

e.g.The boy said,“This is the first time I have been here.”→

The boy said that that was the first time he had been there.

这个男孩说那是他第一次到那个地方。(here变为there)

Roman told me,“I just put all the things over here.”→

Roman told me that he had just put all the things over there.

罗曼告诉我他刚才把所有的东西都放在那边了。(over here变为over there)

特别提示

在说话者的当时、当地转述时,here,over here不用改变。

e.g.—Will you come here, Jim?

吉姆请到这边来,好吗?

—What does Robert say?

罗伯特刚才说什么?

—He asked if you will come here.

他问你是否可以到这边来。

6.方向性动词的变化

在直接引语变为间接引语时,表示方向性的动词bring,come应变为take,go。

e.g.My sister asked me,“Could you bring the chairs upstairs?”→

My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.

我的姐姐问我能否把椅子拿到楼上去。(bring变为take)

Helen told me,“I’d prefer you to come to the party this weekend.”→

Helen told me that she would prefer me to go to the party that weekend.

海伦告诉我她愿意让我那个周末去参加宴会。(come变为go)

特别提示

当某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时,尽管远离双方,在间接引语中依然用bring,come。

e.g.Lisa said that she’d like me to come to the party.

丽莎说她愿意让我去参加宴会。(the party为说话的中心)

Terence asked me if I could bring my DV Camera on the trip.

特伦斯问我旅行时是否可以带着数码摄像机。(the trip为说话的中心)

(三)不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语

人们在说话时常用四种不同的句式,即陈述句式、疑问句式、祈使句式和感叹句式,在转述这些不同的内容时应运用不同的句式。

1.陈述句

将直接引语中的陈述句转化为间接引语时变成由that引导的宾语从句,that可以省略。主句引述动词主要为say(说),tell(告诉),repeat(重复),answer(答道),reply(答道),explain(解释说),think(认为),believe(坚信),suggest(建议),advise(建议)等。

e.g.Chad said,“I’m going to take up literature this term.”→

Chad said (that) he was going to take up literature that term.

查德说他那个学期要选修文学。

Perry told his parents,“What I want is not money, but love from you.”→

Perry told his parents (that) what he wanted was not money but love from them.

佩里告诉他的父母说他想要的不是钱,而是来自父母的爱。

Doctors usually advise,“People should live a free and easy life.”→

Doctors usually advise (that) people should live a free and easy life.

医生经常建议人们应该过得轻松愉快。

2.疑问句

直接引语中的疑问句变为间接引语时必须用陈述句语序,句末用句号。主句引述动词是say时,要改为ask(问),wonder(想知道),don’t know(不知道),want to know(想知道),be not sure(拿不准),be puzzled(纳闷)等。

e.g.Bridget said,“Do all of you often write to your parents?”→

Bridget asked if/whether all of us often wrote to our parents.

布里奇特问我们是否经常给父母写信。

(一般疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句)

Carmen asked me,“You are interested in computer studies, aren’t you?”→

Carmen asked me if/whether I was interested in computer studies.

卡门问我是否对电脑研究感兴趣。

(反意疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句)

I asked Sally,“Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic?”→

I asked Sally whether/if she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic.

我问莎莉她是和我呆在一起,还是自己独自去野餐。

(选择疑问句变为whether/if…or…引导的宾语从句)

“What are your parents and where do they live?”the policeman asked me.→

The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived.

警察问我父母是干什么的,住在哪里。

(特殊疑问句变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)

3.祈使句

祈使句变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式,作宾语补足语,原主句引述动词say须改为ask(让),tell(告诉),order(命令),beg(乞求),warn(警告),advise(建议)等。否定句需要在不定式前加上not。有的祈使句表示建议需要改成“suggest/advise that…+(should)+…”结构。

e.g.“Come in and sit down, please!”Cher said to us.→

Cher told/asked us to come in and sit down.

雪儿让我们进来坐下。

“Don’t always be so nervous, John”, one of them said.→

One of them told John not to be so nervous.

其中一个人告诉约翰不要紧张。

“Try one more time and see what will happen”, the teacher said.→

The teacher advised that they should try one more time and see what would happen.

老师建议他们应再试一次看看结果如何。

4.感叹句

感叹句变为间接引语时可用what或how引导,也可用that引导。

e.g.“What a lovely day it is!”they all shouted.→

They all shouted what a lovely day it was.

They all shouted how lovely a day it was.

They all shouted that it was a lovely day.

(3)句型的变化:①陈述句的直接引语变成间接引语时,将直接引语变成that

引导的宾语从句。②一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的直接引语变成间接引语时,要由if或whether引导一个陈述性的宾语从句,省略原有的助动词do,does,did,将动词还原,注意词序不能倒装。如果直接引语是选择疑问句,变成间接引语时用or连接选择部分。反意疑问句应用whether(if)...or not结构

③直接引语是祈使句时,变成间接引语时要把直接引语变成一个不定式短语(作宾语补足语),还要加上适当的宾语(如E)部分第4题)。如果是否定的祈使句应在不定式前加上not或never(如E部分第10题)。

④特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,一般以原来的wh-词为引导词,用陈述语序。(4)其它变化:

①时间状语变化:now→then,today→that day,this evening→that evening,yesterday→the day before,yesterday morning→the morning before,last week→the week before,ago→before,to-morrow→t he next day,next week (month/year)→the next week (month/year),the day before yesterday→two days before等。

②地点状语变化:here→there。

③动词变化:bring→take,come→go。

④指示代词变化:this→that,these→those,有时需把this变为it(如E)部分第17题),these 变为they(如E)部分第18题)。

⑤人称的变化:在直接引语中的代词,应根据语境与引述动词的主语或宾语保持一致。

当把间接引语变为直接引语时,其时间、地点、人称、句型的变化与直接引语变

间接引语相反。

直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:

(1)一般现在时变为一般过去时

(2)现在进行时变为过去进行时

(3)一般将来时变为过去将来时

(4)现在完成时变为过去完成时

(5)一般过去时变为过去完成时

(6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时

[注意]

(1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:

The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

(2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:

He said to me, "I was born in 1973."

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:

He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:

The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:

The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."

→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化,变化方法见下表。

在直接引语中

在间接引语中

指示代词

this

that

these

those

表示时间的词

now

then

today

that day

this week(month ,etc)

that week (month ,etc)

yesterday

the day before

last week(month ,etc)

the week(month ,etc) before

three days (a year ,etc) ago

three days (a year. etc) before

tomorrow

the next (following ) day

next week (month ,etc)

the next (following ) week (month ,etc)

表地点的词

here

there

动词

bring

take

come

go

典例剖析

例题1.Last Sunday my brother told me,“I’m going to see you tomorrow.”(改为间接引语)

解题技巧:

此句改为间接引语时需要改动的地方首先是人称I要根据主语my brother改为he,you要根据me改为me。第二是is going to要改为was going to。第三是tomorrow要改为the next day。

答案:

Last Sunday my brother told me (that) he was going to see me the next day.

例题2.He asked Li Ying,“Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?”(改为间接引语)

解题技巧:

此句改为间接引语时,首先要知道这是一般关系问句的直接引语改为间接引语,要加连接词if或whether,时态可以不用改,但yesterday要改为the day before。人称you 要根据Li Ying用he或she。

答案:

He asked Li Ying if/whether he/she was watching TV at this time the day before.

例题3.He said that he would do it.(改为直接引语)

解题技巧:

首先去掉连接词that,人称he改为I,would改为will。再加上引号。

答案:

He said,“I will do it.”

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解资料

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解 一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。(直接引语) Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下: 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。”

直接引语和间接引语句子训练

直接引语和间接引语句子训练(转述句和陈述句): 1.直接引语是直接引用别人的话,而间接引语则是转达别人说的话,因此,直接引语改为间接引语时,说话人即第一人称“ 我”要改为第三人称“ 他” 或“ 她”。如:张童对我说:“我一定要坚持长跑锻炼。” 改:张童告诉我,他一定要坚持长跑锻炼。 2.当转述内容涉及其他人称时的改法。如:姐姐对我说:“ 你说得对,我就这样做。” 改:姐姐告诉我,我说得对,她就这样做。上面的例句中涉及了第二人称,在改为转述句时就应改为第一人称。还应注意,冒号和引号前的内容不变。 3.间接引语改为直接引语,第三人称“ 他” 或“ 她”应改为第一人称“ 我”,说话内容涉及第一人称应改为第二人称。如:老班长告诉我们,他没有完成任务,没把我们照顾好。改:老班长对我们说:“ 我没有完成任务,没把你们照顾好。” 特例: 1.小华对小强说:“你明天把钢笔还给我。” 小华对小强说,他明天把钢笔还给小强。 2.妹妹对爸爸说:“哥哥让我转告你,它晚上有事不回来吃饭了。” 妹妹告诉爸爸,哥哥说他晚上有事不回来吃饭了。 3.老师对小丽说:“你知道自己表现得最出色吗?” 老师对小丽说,她的表现很最出色。 1. 小红军对陈赓说:“我还要等我的同伴呢。” 2. 老师对我说:“我教你怎么写。” 3. 雨来摇摇头说:“我在屋里什么也没看见。” 4. 李楠小声告诉我:“我家在少年宫附近。” 5. 小姑娘说:“我要去北京,我要去看看北京的名胜古迹。” 6. 老师对王芳说:“学校让你明天出席区小学生座谈会。” 7. 罗蒙诺索夫摇摇头对爸爸说:“我也要一本书!” 8. 雷锋对大嫂说:“我送你一程吧!” 9. 小鸟对青蛙说:“朋友,不信请你跳出井口看一看!” 10. 有一家外国报纸轻蔑地说:“能在南口以北修筑铁路的中国工程师还没有出世呢!” 11. 老师说:“你今天放学之前必须完成作业。” 12. 有句俗话说:“磨刀不误砍柴工。” 13. 楚王瞅了他一眼,冷笑一声,说:“难道齐国没有人了吗?” 14. 他惊讶地说:“原来是你!” 15. 妈妈对我说:“你今天晚上不能看电视。” 1 6. 爸爸说:“今天晚上你和妈妈先吃饭,我有事。” 17. 一个同学对我说:“借我一只笔。” 18. 外婆问我:“你在干什么?”

直接引语变间接引语口诀

直接引语变间接引语口诀 在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点,因为需要变化的内容很多,这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀,帮助大家来记忆。 直接引语变间接引语口诀: 直引若是一般问,变间if\whether连。语序变为陈述式,时态人称相应变。 直引若是特殊问,疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单,一切只当一般问。 直引若是祈使句,谓语动词挺要紧。 told\asked\ordered,根据口气来选定。 告诉人、请人、命令人,后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句, not to do后边行。 直接引语变间接引语的人称变化: 一主二宾三不变. 直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。 附直接引语变间接引语的详细介绍: 直接引语就是直接引用别人的话,并把它放在引号内;间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话,不加引号。直接引语变成间接引语时,间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化及地点状语的变化。 1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法 如果直接引语是陈述句,在变为间接引语时,由连词that引导(在口语中that常省略)。主句中如果有say to somebody (对某人说),通常变为tell somebody (告诉某人)。 He said, “I get on well with people here.” →He said that he got on well with people there. Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”

间接引语变直接引语练习

句型变换:(直接引语、间接引语) 姓名: 一、把直接引语改写成间接引语。 1、郑洁悄悄地告诉小勇说:“这件事是我和小刚一起做的。” 2、志愿军战士深情地说:“老妈妈,难道我们会把您忘怀吗?” 3、王飞对李林说:”请你回去时给个信给我妈,说我今天稍微迟一些回家。” 4、王宁说:“我要像李永那样关心集体。” 5、老师对小明说:“我看了你的作文很满意。” 6、小军在电话中对我说:“下个月我一定到你那儿玩。” 7、他想了想说:“我们哪里有近道,还不是和你们一条道。” 8、贝多芬说:“不,我是来弹一首曲子给这位姑娘听的。” 9、爸爸对我说:“今晚我要开会,你和妈妈早点吃饭,别等我。” 10、周瑜长叹一声,说:“诸葛亮神机妙算,我真不如他。”

11、山姆握着珊迪的手说:“我会永远照顾你的。” 12、张林告诉我:“要是星期日下雨,我们就不去看电影。” 13、贝多芬说:“我是来弹一首曲子给这位姑娘听的。” 14、小红说:“今天下午学校组织到野外活动,我必须参加。” 15、王宁说:“我要像李宁那样关心集体。” 16、雨来摇摇头说:“我在屋里什么也没看见。” 17、李楠小声告诉我:“我家在少年宫附近。” 18、小姑娘说:“我要去北京,我要去看看北京的名胜古迹。” 19、老师对王芳说:“学校让你明天出席小学生座谈会。” 20、妈妈对我说:“你今天晚上不能看电视。” 21、爸爸说:“今天晚上你和妈妈先吃饭,我有事。”

22、一个同学对我说:“借我一只笔。” 23、我看祖父还在笑,就说:“你不信,我到屋里拿来给你看。” 25、爸爸感冒了,他说:“明天我要去医院看病。” 26、他说:“我明天去电影院看电影。” 27、姐姐对我说:“你说得对,我就这样做。” 28、张童对我说:“我一定要坚持长跑锻炼。” 29、雷锋对大嫂说:“我送你一程吧!” 30、老师解释说:“梦里飞行,说明你们是在长身体呀。”

间接引语详解

人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。 1、引语转换时的句式变化 不同的直接引语句式,如:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则,还要注意根据句意,使用适当的引述动词。(1)陈述句的间接引语 将陈述句转换为间接引语,通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。 He s aid, “I caught[k?:t] a cold yesterday.” 他说:“我昨天感冒了。” →He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before. 他说他前天感冒了。 Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams[iɡ’z?m].” 海伦说:“我讨厌参加这种考试。” →Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams. 海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。

例题: He says,“I like singing and I want to be a singer.” 他说:“我喜欢唱歌,我想当歌手。” →He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer.他说他喜欢唱歌,想当歌手。 在此种情况下,引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略,以免误解。 (2)疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序,句末不用问号,用句号。 ①一般疑问句的间接引语 直接引语为一般疑问句时,用连词whether或if 引导。 I asked him, “Are you satisfied[’s?t?s'fa?d]with the results[ri'z ?lt]?” 我问他:“你对这结果满意吗?” I asked him whether / if he was satisfied with the results. 我问他对这结果是否满意。 “Did you go to the British ['br?t??]Museum yesterday?” asked Kate. 凯特问:“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆?” Kate asked me whether / if I had gone to the British Museum the day before. 凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。 The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?” 那位老人跟一位过路人说:“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。” The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel. 那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。 ②选择疑问句的间接引语

直接引语改为间接引语的变化

直接引语改为间接引语的变化 1.人称的变化。其规律为:一从主,二从宾,三不变。具体为: (1)如果直接引语的主语是第一人称,变化时,该人称与主句的主语保持一致。 如:Mary said, “I want to forget the past.”→ Mary said (that)she wanted to forget the past. (2)如果直接引语的主语是第二人称,变化时,该人称与主句的宾语保持一致。 如:He said to me,“Do you want to ask about the lab?” → He asked me if I wanted to ask about the lab. (3)如果直接引语的主语是第三人称,变化时,该人称保持不变。 如:Jim said ,“They are going to do their homework..”→ Jim said (that) they were going to do their homework. 2.时态的变化。 (1)如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句原有时态保持不变。 如:Mary says,“I we nt to see the movie yesterday.” →Mary says that she went to see the movie yesterday.” (2)如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句的时态会有以下变化(科学事实、自然规律除外)。 a.一般现在时→一般过去时 b.一般将来时→过去将来时 c.现在进行时→过去进行时 d.一般过去时→过去完成时 e.现在完成时→过去完成时。也就是说要落后一个时态。 3.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词都会发生相应的变化,变 4.各种句型的直接引语改为间接引语的方法。 (1).陈述句改为间接引语时,常用动词said, told,连词that,多被省略。 如:Ben said, “I won’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night.”→ Ben said (that)he wouldn’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night. Lana said to me,“I’m not mad at you anymore.” → Lana told me(that)she wasn’t mad at me anymore. (2).一般疑问句常用if或whether来将其改为间接引语(选择疑问句只能用whether),常用ask来引述,可以加间接宾语。语序为陈述语序。 如:She said,“Could I copy your homework?” → She asked (me)if/whether she could copy my homework. She said,“Is this book yours or hers?” →

英语语法-如何把直接引语转换为间接引语

如何把直接引语转换为间接引语 引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1. 直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that ....引导,很多时候可省略that。例如: She said, "I am very happy to help you." →She said she was very happy to help me. She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow.” →She said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day. She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years.” →She said that she had lived in Foshan for several years. She said, “ I am reading a book now.” →She said that she was reading a book at that time/moment. John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday” →John said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether .......或if..(是否)引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序,再放在whether或if后面。例如: He asked me, "Do you like playing football?" → →He asked me whether/if I liked playing football. He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?”

直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)

直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)

直接引语和间接引语 直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。 人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化,一般情况下,与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀:“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化,第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化,第三人称一般不需要变化。 例 如: 1) He said, “I am glad to see you.”→He said that he was glad to see me. 2) “Do you know the man over there?” M ary said to Tom. →Mary asked Tom if he knew the man ov er there. 3) Jim said to me, “Jane left her school bag at home.” →Jim told me that Jane had left her sc hoolbag at home.

2、时态的变化 (1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时过去将来时 一般将来进行时过去将来进行时 一般将来完成时过去将来完成时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表: He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说:“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说:“我正在用小刀。”

直接引语变间接引语专项练习题(答案)

直接引语变间接引语专项练习题 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词: 1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _______ _______ having supper. 2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He told me that he _______ met her the day _______. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _______ to go _______ before five. 7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said. She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______. 8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said. He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he a sked. He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days. 12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______. 13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet. 14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said. She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.

直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习培训讲学

直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习

Unit1 语法核心突破: 直接引语变间接引语 这两种引语都是宾语从句,但是直接引语放在引号内,不用连词联接;间接引语不用引号,通常用连接词与主句联接 一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化 例:He said, “I'm very glad.” → He said he was very glad. 例:He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” →He asked John could come that afternoon. 例 : He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” → He asked where Mr. Wang was. Tom says to me, “what food do you like best”. → Tom asks me food I like best Our parents told us“Learn English well!”我们的父母告诉我们:“把英语学好啊!” ?Our parents told us English well. 我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。 The teacher said to me, “Don’t read that novel!” ? The teacher asked/ told me that novel. Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!” 父母告诉我们:“不要做错事!” Our parents told us never to do wrong. 我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。

语法大全:直接引语变间接引语用法(经典版)

直接引语变间接引语的用法 一、如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good work er。 二、如何变时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如: 1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如: Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如: He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to,had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如:Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。 三、如何变状语:

初中语法-直接引语转换间接引语讲解-附练习题及答案

直接引语与间接引语 直接引语:一字不改的引用或复述别人的话,被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号,首字母大写。间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现,不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。 一、人称变化 直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时,一般要变为第三人称;第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称(如果没有间接宾语,可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称);第三人称一般不改变。例如He told me,"I’ll give you a book when I meet you again."—He told me he would give me a book when he met me again. 二、时态的变化 如果主句是过去式态,变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式,现在进行时---过去进行时,现在完成时---过去完成时,一般过去时---过去完成时,过去进行时---过去进行时,一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时,过去完成时---过去完成时,过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。等。例如 She wondered:"When will the meeting begin."—She wondered when the meeting would begin.但在以下几种情况下,间接引语的时态不用变化。 1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如She said,"The earth goes around the sun".--She said that the earth goes around the sun. 2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时,保持原来的一般过去时。例如He said,"I left home in 1942.—He said he left home in 1942. 注:间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask; say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如The teacher said to me,"I have seen your book.."—The teacher told me that she had seen my book. 三、连接词的选择 1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导,也可省略that。主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,可以说said that,said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可以直接说told that.主句中的谓语还常有repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, 等。例如 Danny said,"I come from Canada."—Danny said that he came from Canada. 2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,want to know等。 1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如 She asked me,"Is he a teacher?"—She asked me if/whether he was a teacher. 2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brother asked me,"Is Tom tall or short?"—My brother asked me whether Tom was tall or short."You are reading,aren’t you"he said to me.—He asked me whether I was reading or not. 3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句,用陈述语序,问号变句号。例如"What do you want to eat?"he asked me.—He asked me what I wanted to eat. 3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时,要用不定式表示,使其成为 ask /tell /order sb (not) to do sth 句型。例如"Don’t open the d oor."he said to her.—He asked her not to open the door. 4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用 what或how引导,也可用that引导。例如 He said,"What a lovely day it is!"—He said what a lovely day it was.—He said that it was a lovely day.

直接引语改为间接引语

直接引语改为间接引语 一、直接引语(也叫“直述句”)改为间接引语(也叫“转述句”)的两个特点直接引语改为转述句,从它的形式上来看,有比较明显的两个特点:一、标点符号的改变引述句改为转述句,冒号要改为逗号,双引号要去掉。转述句改引述句,要加上冒号和引号。 二、人称的变化 1、引述是直接别人的话,而转述则是转达别人说的话,因此,引述句改为转述句时,说话人即第一人称“我”要改为第三人称“他”或“她”。 如:小明说:“我一定要努力学习。” 改:小明说,他一定要努力学习。 2.当引述内容涉及其他人称时的改法。 如:姐姐对我说:“你说得对,我就这样做。” 改:姐姐对我说,我说得对,她就这样做。 上面的例句中涉及了第二人称,在改为转述句时就应改为第一人称。应注意,冒号和引号前的内容不变。 3.转述句改为引述句,第三人称“他”或“她”应改为第一人称“我”,说话内容涉及第一人称应改为第二人称。 如:老班长说,他没有完成任务,没把我们照顾好。 改:老班长说:“我没有完成任务,没把你们照顾好。” 二、直接引语和转述句的类型 (一)从转述的那个人或者向谁转述上来分析有大致两种情况: 1、第二个人转述(转给第三个人):A对B说话,然后B转述给第三个人听。 【例如】妈妈..对我说:“我.明天还要去开会。” 【改为】妈妈..对我说,她.明天还要去开会。 2、第三个人转述(转给第四个人):A对B说话,然后C转述给第四个人听。 【例1】妈妈..对爸爸说:“我.明天要去开会。” 【改为】妈妈..对爸爸说,她.明天要去开会。 【例2】军官对夜莺说:“要是路带对了,我就把这.东西送给你。” 【改为】军官对夜莺说,要是路带对了,他就把那.东西送给夜莺。 (二)从被转述的人(说话的那个人)来分析大致有三种情况。 1、直接引语提示语在前面。 【例如】妈妈说:“我明天还要去开会。” 【改为】妈妈说,她明天还要去开会。 2、直接引语提示语在中间。(改后说话人都放在前面) 【例如】“工作太多了。”妈妈说,“我明天还要去开会。” 【改为】妈妈说,工作太多了,她明天还要去开会。 3、直接引语提示语在后面。(改后说话人都放在前面) “我明天还要去开会。”妈妈说。改为:妈妈说,她明天还要去开会。 三、直接引语和转述句的代词响应变化的分析 1、第二个人转述(转给第三个人)中的人称代词的变化。 【例1】妈妈对我说:“我明天要去开会。” 【改为】妈妈对我说,她明天要去开会。 【例2】妈妈对我说:“你要好好学习。” 【改为】妈妈对我说,让我好好学习。

直接引语变间接引语规则

直接引语变间接引语规则 (一)时态的变化:主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态,直接引语中的谓语动词的时态须做下列变化: 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (但直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理,变成间接引语时,时态不变。 例如:They told their son :”The earth goes round the sun.” They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.。 (二)人称的变化:要根据句子 意思改变人称,如:I--he,she; we--they等等。 “一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worke (三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化,动词变化: this--that; these--those; now--then; yesterday--the day before; today--that day; tomorrow--the next day; next week(month, year)--the next week(month,year); ago--before; here—there; brig—take; come--go.

2直接引语改为间接引语

直接引语改为间接引语 一、要点 基本方法:“二变一不变”,即:人称变,符号变,但原意不变。 其他细节: (1)改好之后,语气是陈述语气。换句话说,改为间接引语后,句子都是句号结尾的,疑问句、反问句、感叹句、祈使句都要改成陈述句。 (2)改好之后,只有一句话。换句话说,改为间接引语后,原来人物说的话如果有好几句,要把中间的句号都改为逗号。 (3)“对某人说”一般来说可以改为“告诉某人”,但如果保持“对某人说”也可以。 例如从阅读题《绿手指》里拿来的题目 女儿说:“你根本不懂植物遗传学。专家都做不到的事,你这么大年纪了,怎么能做到呢?” 女儿说,老奶奶根本不懂植物遗传学,专家都做不到的事,她这么大年纪了,是不能做到的。 (1)前后两处引号去除 (2)冒号改为逗号 (3)原句中间的句号改为逗号 (4)人称改掉,因为这是从阅读题里拿来的例题,联系上下文,知道“你”是指“老奶奶”。 (5)反问语气改为陈述语气 如果这道例题你弄懂了,那这类题目基本上难不倒你。现在我们来试试身手。 1、妈妈严肃地对我说:“马上就要期末考试了,你一定要认真复习,不要辜负老师和我对你的一片期望。” 以下两种都可以:

妈妈严肃地告诉我,马上就要期末考试了,我一定要认真复习,不要辜负老师和她对我的一片期望。 妈妈严肃地对我说,马上就要期末考试了,我一定要认真复习,不要辜负老师和她对我的一片期望。 关键在于“你”改成“我”,“我”改成“她”,代词改好,句子保持愿意不变。 2、熊猫问海豚:“海豚姐姐,你的身材这么好,是不是有减肥秘诀?” 最佳答案: 熊猫问海豚姐姐,她的身材这么好,是不是有减肥秘诀。 思考过程: (1)原来的“提示语”部分“熊猫问海豚”不完整,参考“说的话”,把提示语补充完整,成为“熊猫问海豚姐姐”。 (2)既然“提示语”已经写完整了,那么原来熊猫话语中打招呼的“海豚姐姐”就可以简化为“她”。 (3)我们说过通常可以用“是否”一词来帮助把疑问语气改为陈述语气。例如:你今天去小李家玩吗?改为:你今天是否去小李家玩。但是现在句中已有“是不是”,不必动用“是否”,只要把问号改成句号就行。 3、小明赞叹道:“香港迪士尼乐园真不错!” 小明赞叹说,香港迪士尼乐园很不错。 思考过程: (1)把“道”改成“说”,使语句更通顺。 (2)把“真”改成“很”,使语气变得平和,即陈述语气。当然,“!”改成“。”你已经懂了吧。 4、“妈!给我倒杯水!”我大声喊。 我大声喊妈妈,让她给我倒杯水。 思考过程:

直接引语变间接引语超级经典归纳

直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句) 一.直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语:直接引用别人的话叫直接引语, 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号;间接引语不必加引号。 He said, “ I’m a student.” (直接引语)→ He said that he was a student. (间接引语)主句主句从句 二.当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时,首先要注意用特殊疑问词, 其后用陈述语序的句子,同时注意人称、时态、时间状语,连接词,语序的变化. (一)人称的变化规则:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。 ★(二).时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则:主现从不限;主过从四过(即4种过去的时态:一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时);客观真理,只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时;现在进行时改成过去进行时;一般将来时改成过去将来时;一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

(三) ★(四).连接词 1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that 或将that 省略,直接与主句相连。 2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if 或whether 。 3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意:当who 为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他

间接引语变直接引语的改法以及练习。精编版.doc

直接引语与间接引语相互转换的方法指导及练习题 方育龙 方法: “直接引语变间接引语”这种题型在小学中、高年级语文试卷中常常出现,有一 定的难度,很多学生容易出错。其实,直接引语是直接引用别人的话,而间接引语则是转达别人说的话。“直接引语变间接引语”就是要求把别人说的原话进行转述。答题时,只要注意以下几个方面,便不会出问题了。 一、只改变引语部分,提示语不变; 例如:妈妈说:“我今天加班。” 需要改变的只是:“我今天加班。” 这一部分。 二、标点符号要作相应改变,即把冒号、前引号(:“)变成逗号(,),后引号(”)删除; 三、引语中,人称要变成相应的指代者:说话人即第一人称“我” 、“我们”要改为第三人称“他”、“她”或“他们”; 例如:妈妈说:“我今天加班。”其中“ 我”指代的是妈妈。所以,要变 成“ 她”。改后为:妈妈说,她今天加班。 当转述内容涉及其他人称时也要发生相应变化。 如:姐姐对我说:“ 你说得对,我就这样做。” 改:姐姐告诉我,我说得对,她就这样做。 上面的例句中涉及了第二人称,在改为转述句时就应改为第一人称。 四、有称呼语的,称呼语要去掉; 例如:老红军说:“小鬼,你骑上我的马吧!”其中,“小鬼”要删除。变后为:老红军说,小鬼骑上他的马吧! 五、引语是疑问句的,要变成陈述的语气。 例如:明明问我:“今天放学后,到我家写作业,行吗?”变后为:明明问我,今天放学后,到他家写作业,行不行。 六、间接引语改为直接引语的方法正好相反,上面的五点都适用,如第三人称 “他”或“她”应改为第一人称“我”,说话内容涉及第一人称应改为第二人 称。 如: 1.小华对小强说,他明天把钢笔还给小强。 小华对小强说:“我明天把钢笔还给你。”

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