经济学原理对应练习 18
Chapter 18
The Markets for the Factors of Production
Multiple Choice
1. Most of the total income earned in the U.S. economy is ultimately paid to households in the form of
a. profit.
b. rent.
c. interest.
d. wages.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-0
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Definitional
2. In the United States economy, which of the following factors of production is considered to be the most important in
terms of the magnitude of income earned by that factor of production?
a. land
b. labor
c. profit
d. capital
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-0
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Definitional
3. How much of the income in the United States is earned by workers in the form of wages and fringe benefits?
a. more than 90 percent
b. about 75 percent
c. about 50 percent
d. less than 75 percent
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-0
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Definitional
4. The factors of production are best defined as the
a. output produced from raw materials.
b. inputs used to produce goods and services.
c. wages paid to the workforce.
d. goods and services sold in the market.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Definitional
5. Economists refer to the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services as
a. derived factors.
b. derived resources.
c. factors of production.
d. instruments of revenu
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factors of production MSC: Definitional
6. Because a firm's demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in the market, it is
called a
a. differentiated demand.
b. secondary demand.
c. derived deman
d.
d. hybrid demand-supply.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Definitional
769
770 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
7. The term "factor market" applies to the market for
a. labor.
b. capital.
c. lan
d.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Definitional
8. Factor markets are different from product markets in an important way because
a. equilibrium is the exception, and not the rule, in factor markets.
b. the demand for a factor of production is a derived demand.
c. the demand for a factor of production is likely to be upward sloping, in violation of the law of deman
d.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Interpretive
9. Factor-market analysis could not be complete without some characterization of
a. product-market demand.
b. the marginal productivities of the different factors.
c. market prices for final goods and services.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factor markets MSC: Interpretive
10. The basic tools of supply and demand apply to
a. markets for goods and services and to markets for labor services.
b. markets for goods and services but not to markets for labor services.
c. markets for goods and services but not to markets for factors of production.
d. all markets except those in which demand is derived demand.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factors of production MSC: Interpretive
11. Labor markets are different from most other markets because labor demand is
a. represented by a vertical line on a supply-demand diagram.
b. represented by an upward-sloping line on a supply-demand diagram.
c. such an elusive concept.
d. derived.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Factors of production MSC: Interpretive
12. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "derived demand?"
a. An increase in the wages of auto workers will lead to an increase in the demand for robots in automobile
factories.
b. An automobile producer's decision to supply more cars will lead to an increase in the demand for automobile
production workers.
c. An automobile producer's decision to supply more minivans results from a decrease in the demand for station
wagons.
d. An increase in the price of gasoline will lead to an increase in the demand for small cars.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Interpretive
13. When a firm is a profit maximizer
a. it is driven to produce as much of its product as possible.
b. it will measure its success by the number of employees it has.
c. its revenue will always be maximized as well.
d. it does not care directly about the number of workers it hires.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 771
14. For a competitive, profit-maximizing firm, the labor demand curve is the same as the
a. marginal cost curve.
b. value of marginal product curve.
c. production function.
d. profit function.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
15. For a competitive firm that finds it worthwhile to operate rather than shut down, profit maximization requires that
a. output price = marginal cost.
b. wage = value of marginal product of labor.
c. wage/marginal product of labor = P.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
16. What causes the labor demand curve to shift?
(i) changes in productivity
(ii) changes in wages
(iii) c hanges in output prices
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
17. If the price of airline tickets falls, what will happen to the demand curve for flight attendants?
a. It will shift to the right.
b. It will shift to the left.
c. The direction of the shift is ambiguous.
d. It will remain unchanged.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
18. If consumers demand more genetically engineered foods, then the value of genetic engineers' marginal product of
labor will
a. rise.
b. fall.
c. remain unchange
d.
d. rise or fall; either is possibl
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
19. Competitive firms decide how much output to sell by producing output until the price of the good equals
a. marginal product.
b. the value of marginal product.
c. marginal cost.
d. marginal profit.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
772 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
20. Competitive firms hire workers until the additional benefit they receive from the last worker hired is equal to
(i) the additional cost of that worker.
(ii) the wage paid to that worker.
(iii) t he marginal product of that worker.
a. (i) only
b. (iii) only
c. (i) and (ii)
d. (ii) and (iii)
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
21. Dan owns one of the many bakeries in New York City. Which of the following events will lead to an increase in
Dan's demand for the services of bakers?
(i) The price of muffins increases. (Muffins are Dan's specialty.)
(ii) Dan adds three new ovens to the kitchen area to help the bakers work faster.
(iii) L ocal bakers form a union to protect themselves from low wages.
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
22. Charles owns one of the many bakeries in New York City. Which of the following events will lead to a decrease in
Charles's demand for the services of bakers?
a. Hollywood glamorization of a new movie about a baker leads hundreds of high-school students in New York
City to apply for a job at Dan's.
b. The price of baked goods falls.
c. The local bakers form a union.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
23. A sandwich shop hires workers to make sandwiches and sell them to customers. If the firm is competitive in both the
market for sandwiches and in the market for sandwich-makers, then it has
a. some control over both the price of sandwiches and the wage it pays to its workers.
b. no control over the price of sandwiches but some control over the wage it pays to its workers.
c. some control over the price of sandwiches but no control over the wage it pays to its workers.
d. no control over either the price of sandwiches or the wage it pays to its workers.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
24. Which of the following events could increase the demand for labor?
a. a decrease in output price
b. a decrease in the amount of capital available for workers to use
c. an increase in the marginal productivity of workers
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
25. Which of the following events could decrease the demand for labor?
a. an increase in migrant workers
b. an increase in the marginal productivity of workers
c. a decrease in demand for the final product produced by labor
d. a decrease in the labor supply
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 773 26. When we focus on the firm as a supplier of a good or a service, we assume that the firm is a profit maximizer. When
we focus on the firm as a demander of labor, we assume that the firm's objective is to
a. minimize wages.
b. minimize variable costs.
c. maximize the number of workers hire
d.
d. maximize profit.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Interpretive
27. Suppose that a new invention increases the marginal productivity of labor, shifting labor demand to the right. Such an
invention would be an example of
a. labor-saving technology.
b. labor-augmenting technology.
c. Luddite technology.
d. supply-shifting technology.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Definitional
28. Suppose that a new invention decreases the marginal productivity of labor, shifting labor demand to the left. Such an
invention would be an example of
a. labor-saving technology.
b. labor-augmenting technology.
c. Luddite technology.
d. supply-shifting technology.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Definitional
29. Labor-saving technology causes which of the following?
(i) The marginal productivity of labor increases.
(ii) The marginal productivity of labor decreases.
(iii) L abor demand shifts to the right.
(iv) L abor demand shifts to the left.
a. (i) only
b. (ii) only
c. (i) and (iii)
d. (ii) and (iv)
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Interpretive
30. Labor-augmenting technology causes which of the following?
(i) The marginal productivity of labor increases.
(ii) The marginal productivity of labor decreases.
(iii) L abor demand shifts to the right.
(iv) L abor demand shifts to the left.
a. (i) only
b. (ii) only
c. (i) and (iii)
d. (ii) and (iv)
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Interpretive
31. The term Luddite is used to describe
a. a person who readily adopts the latest technological advances.
b. a person who fears computers.
c. a person who opposes technological advances.
d. any mythical historical figur
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Definitional
774 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
32. A Luddite would be expected to fear
a. labor-saving technologies.
b. labor-augmenting technologies.
c. supply-shifting technologies.
d. the Chairman of the Federal Reserv
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Interpretive
33. Along the vertical axis of the production function we typically measure
a. revenue.
b. the marginal product of the input.
c. the quantity of input.
d. the quantity of output.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Production function MSC: Definitional
34. Along the horizontal axis of the production function we typically measure
a. revenue.
b. the marginal product of the input.
c. the quantity of input.
d. the quantity of output.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Production function MSC: Definitional
35. A competitive firm sells its output for $45 per unit. The marginal product of the 30th worker is 4 units of output per
day; the marginal product of the 31st worker is 3 units of output per day. The firm pays its workers a wage of $150 per day.
a. For the 31st worker, the marginal profit is $135.
b. For the 30th worker, the value of the marginal product of labor is $600.
c. For the 30th worker, the marginal profit is $180.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
36. Aurora Custom Cabinets produces and sells custom kitchen cabinets. The firm has determined that if it hires 10
workers, it can produce 4 sets of cabinets per day. If it hires 11 workers, it can produce 4.2 sets of cabinets per day. It sells each set of cabinets for $2,000, and it pays each of its workers $200 per day.
a. For the 11th worker, the value of the marginal product of labor is $500.
b. For the 11th worker, the marginal revenue product is $400.
c. The firm is maximizing its profit.
d. If the firm is employing 11 workers, then its profit would increase if it cut back to 10 workers.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
37. For a competitive, profit-maximizing firm, the demand curve for labor will shift in response to a change in the
a. wage rate.
b. quantity of labor demanded.
c. price of the product that the firm sells.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
38. Omega Custom Cabinets produces and sells custom bathroom vanities. The firm has determined that if it hires 10
workers, it can produce 20 vanities per week. If it hires 11 workers, it can produce 22 vanities per week. It sells each vanity for $800, and it pays each of its workers $1,000 per week.
a. For the 11th worker, the marginal profit is $600.
b. For the 11th worker, the marginal revenue product is $2,000.
c. The firm is maximizing its profit.
d. If the firm is employing 11 workers, then its profit would increase if it cut back to 10 workers.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Production function MSC: Analytical
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 775 39. Suppose that workers who sort outgoing mail for a company use rubber bands to group mail. If there were an increase
in the supply of rubber bands, which of the following would happen in the market for labor?
a. Demand would decrease.
b. Demand would increase.
c. Supply would decrease.
d. Supply would increas
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
Scenario 18-1
Gertrude Kelp owns three boats that participate in commercial fishing for fresh Pacific salmon off the coast of Alaska.
As part of her business she hires a captain and several crew members for each boat. In the market for fresh Pacific salmon, there are thousands of firms like Gertrude's. While Gertrude usually catches a significant number of fish each year, her contribution to the entire harvest of salmon is negligible relative to the size of the market.
40. Refer to Scenario 18-1. Based on the given information, it is likely that Gertrude's firm has
a. some influence over the wages paid to crew members but no influence over the price of salmon.
b. some influence over the price of salmon but no influence over the wages paid to crew members.
c. some influence over both the price of salmon and the wages paid to crew members.
d. no influence over either the price of salmon or the wages paid to crew members.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
41. Refer to Scenario 18-1. When Gertrude participates in the labor market to hire crew members for her boats, she is
most likely considered a
a. demander of labor services.
b. supplier of labor services.
c. demander of capital.
d. supplier of capital.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
42. Refer to Scenario 18-1. If the price of fresh Pacific salmon were to decrease significantly, it is most likely that
Gertrude would
a. reduce her demand for crew members.
b. hire more boats.
c. become a seller in at least one factor market.
d. hire more crew members.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
43. Refer to Scenario 18-1. If Gertrude is a competitor in both the fresh Pacific salmon market and in the market for
crew members, she is called a price
a. taker in the salmon market and a wage setter in the crew market.
b. taker in the crew market and a price setter in the salmon market.
c. taker in both markets.
d. setter in both markets.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
44. Refer to Scenario 18-1. In the fresh Pacific salmon product market, Gertrude has some control over
a. the price she charges for her fresh salmon.
b. the quantity of fresh salmon that she catches and supplies to the market.
c. the competitive environment of the market.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
776 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
45. Refer to Scenario 18-1. If Gertrude is a price taker in the labor market, she decides
a. the price for which she will sell the fish she catches.
b. how many crew members she will hire.
c. the wages that she will pay to her crew members.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
46. Refer to Scenario 18-1. Labor-market theory assumes that Gertrude's demand for crew members and her supply of
fresh Pacific salmon result from her
a. intrinsic desire to hire crew members.
b. primary goal of maximizing profit.
c. altruistic motives to provide fresh salmon to consumers.
d. desire to strike a balance between environmental concerns and maximum profit.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Applicative
47. The following table shows the number of calculators that can be assembled per week by various numbers of workers.
If the price per calculator in a perfectly competitive product market is $20, how many workers would the firm employ if the weekly wage rate is $1000?
Quantity of Number of Calculators
Labor Per Week
0 0
1 60
2 160
3 240
4 280
5 300
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
48. Bill is trying to convince the owner of a pizza shop to hire him. He argues that he could help the shop sell an
additional five pizzas per day at the market price of $8 each. If the facts are not in dispute, but the owner does not hire him, then
a. the wage rate must be less than $40 per day.
b. hiring Bill would involve a negative marginal product.
c. the wage rate must be more than $40 per day.
d. the wage rate must be less than $8 per day.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
49. Suppose that eight workers can manufacture 70 radios per day, and nine workers can manufacture 90 radios per day.
If radios can be sold for $10 each, the value of marginal product of the ninth worker is
a. 20 radios.
b. 90 radios.
c. $200.
d. $900.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 777
50. Value of marginal product is defined as the additional
a. output a firm would receive after hiring one more factor of production.
b. cost of hiring one more factor of production.
c. revenue earned from selling one more unit of product.
d. revenue earned from hiring one more factor of production.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Definitional
51. The marginal product of labor is defined as the change in
a. output per additional unit of revenue.
b. output per additional unit of labor.
c. revenue per additional unit of labor.
d. revenue per additional unit of output.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Definitional
52. The marginal product of labor is
a. the increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of labor.
b. the total amount of output divided by the total units of labor.
c. total revenue minus total cost.
d. also called the marginal profit.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Definitional
Table 18-1
Quantity of Number of Baseballs
Labor Per Day
0 0
1 100
2 240
3 360
4 440
5 500
53. Refer to Table 18-1. This table describes the number of baseballs a manufacturer can produce per day with different
quantities of labor. Each baseball sells for $5 in a competitive market. For which level of employment is the marginal product of labor greatest?
a. 1 worker
b. 2 workers
c. 3 workers
d. 4 workers
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
54. Refer to Table 18-1. This table describes the number of baseballs a manufacturer can produce per day with different
quantities of labor. Each baseball sells for $5 in a competitive market. What is the total revenue per day that the firm will earn if it employs five workers?
a. $500.
b. $300.
c. $2200.
d. $2500.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
778 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
55. Refer to Table 18-1. This table describes the number of baseballs a manufacturer can produce per day with different
quantities of labor. Each baseball sells for $5 in a competitive market. If the firm is maximizing the marginal product of labor, what is the firm’s marginal revenue product?
a. 140 baseballs.
b. $300.
c. $400.
d. $700.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
56. When labor is the only input a firm uses, the marginal cost of a unit of output can be defined as
a. marginal revenue multiplied by wage.
b. marginal product of labor multiplied by wage.
c. wage divided by marginal product of labor.
d. marginal product of labor divided by wag
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
Table 18-2
Consider the following daily production data for Davis Golf Balls, Inc. Davis Golf Balls, Inc. sells golf balls for 50 cents each and pays the workers a wage of $30 a day.
57. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the third worker's marginal product of labor?
a. 75 golf balls
b. 100 golf balls
c. 125 golf balls
d. 150 golf balls
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
58. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the fourth worker's marginal product of labor?
a. 50 golf balls
b. 75 golf balls
c. 100 golf balls
d. 125 golf balls
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
59. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the sixth worker's marginal product of labor?
a. 37.5 golf balls
b. 50 golf balls
c. 75 golf balls
d. 100 golf balls
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 779
60. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the value of the marginal product of the second worker?
a. $50
b. $62.50
c. $75
d. $150
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
61. Refer to 18-2. What is the value of the marginal product of the fifth worker?
a. $7.50
b. $25
c. $37.50
d. $75
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
62. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the value of the marginal product of the first worker?
a. $25
b. $50
c. $75
d. $100
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
63. Refer to Table 18-2. The marginal product of labor begins to diminish with the addition of which worker?
a. the 1st worker
b. the 2nd worker
c. the 3rd worker
d. the 4th worker
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Analytical
64. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the marginal profit of the fourth worker?
a. $7.50
b. $20
c. $50
d. $100
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
65. Refer to Table 18-2. What is the marginal profit of the sixth worker?
a. -$10
b. -$5
c. $7.50
d. $25
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
66. Refer to Table 18-2. Assuming Davis Golf Balls, Inc. is a competitive, profit-maximizing firm, how many workers
will the firm hire?
a. 3 workers
b. 4 workers
c. 5 workers
d. 6 workers
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
780 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
67. Refer to Table 18-2. Assume that Davis Golf Balls, Inc. is a competitive, profit-maximizing firm. If the market price
of golf balls increases from 50 cents to 60 cents, how many workers would the firm then hire?
a. 3 workers
b. 4 workers
c. 5 workers
d. 6 workers
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
68. Refer to Table 18-2. Suppose that there is a technological advance that allows Davis Golf Balls, Inc. employees to
produce more golf balls than they could before. Because of this change,
a. the firm’s demand for labor shifts right.
b. the firm’s demand for labor shifts left.
c. the firm’s supply of labor shi fts right.
d. the firm’s supply of labor shifts left.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
69. For maximum profit, a firm hires labor up to the point at which the wage equals
(i) the value of the marginal product of labor.
(ii) the marginal cost of an additional unit of output.
(iii) o utput price multiplied by the marginal product of labor.
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (i) and (iii)
c. (ii) and (iii)
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
70. Refer to Table 18-3. What is the market price of the final good?
a. $5
b. $6
c. $8
d. $10
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
71. Refer to Table 18-3. It is apparent from this table that increasing marginal product
a. occurs only after the first worker is hired.
b. occurs only after the second worker is hired.
c. occurs only after the third worker is hire
d.
d. never occurs.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 781
72. Refer to Table 18-3. If the firm hires two workers, the two workers together produce
a. 80 units.
b. 100 units.
c. 180 units.
d. 200 units.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
73. Refer to Table 18-3. What is the marginal product of the fourth worker?
a. 30
b. 40
c. 100
d. 400
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
74. Refer to Table 18-3. The fact that the marginal product falls as the number of workers increases exemplifies a
property called
a. diminishing marginal product.
b. utility maximization.
c. supply and deman
d.
d. labor theory.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Definitional
75. Refer to Table 18-3. The fact that the production function exhibits diminishing marginal productivity implies that
a. total production decreases beyond a certain level of output.
b. labor markets are not always competitive.
c. the additions to total output get smaller as more workers are hire
d.
d. marginal profit is negativ
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Definitional
76. Refer to Table 18-3. What is the marginal profit of the fourth worker?
a. $400
b. $100
c. $0
d. $-100
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
77. Refer to Table 18-3. What is the fourth worker's contribution to total revenue?
a. $-100
b. $40
c. $400
d. $500
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
78. Refer to Table 18-3. To maximize its profit, how many workers will the firm hire?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
782 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
79. Refer to Table 18-3. To maximize its profit, the firm will hire workers as long as the value of the marginal product of
labor equals or exceeds
a. $100.
b. $200.
c. $400.
d. $500.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
80. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The value of the marginal product curve is the labor demand curve for competitive, profit-maximizing firms.
b. A competitive, profit-maximizing firm hires workers up to the point where the value of the marginal product of
labor equals the wage.
c. By hiring labor up to the point where the value of the marginal product of labor equals the wage, the firm is
producing where price equals marginal cost.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
81. Dave is the owner of Dave's Pizza Palace. Dave is a profit-maximizing owner whose firm operates in a competitive
market. An additional worker costs Dave $200 and has a marginal productivity of 40 pizzas. Assuming no other variable costs, what is the marginal cost of a pizza?
a. $200
b. $8
c. $5
d. There is insufficient information available to answer this question.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
82. Sally runs a hair styling salon. Sally is a profit-maximizing owner whose firm operates in a competitive market. The
marginal cost of a haircut is $7. What is the maximum wage that Sally will pay her stylists?
a. less than $7 per haircut
b. $7 per haircut
c. more than $7 haircut
d. There is insufficient information to answer this question.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
83. Diane's Auto World installs tires on automobiles, light trucks, and sport utility vehicles. She is a profit-maximizing
business owner whose firm operates in a competitive market. The marginal cost of installing a tire is $10. The
marginal productivity of the last worker that Diane hired was 2 tires per hour. What is the maximum hourly wage that Diane was willing to pay the last worker hired?
a. $5
b. $10
c. $20
d. There is insufficient information to answer this question.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
Table 18-4
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 783
84. Refer to Table 18-4. The price of output is
a. $1.
b. $2.
c. $3.
d. $400.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
85. Refer to Table 18-4. How many workers should the firm hire?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product | Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
Table 18-5
86. Refer to Table 18-5. What is the value for the cell labeled AA?
a. $600
b. $500
c. $400
d. $300
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
87. Refer to Table 18-5. What is the value for the cell labeled BB?
a. $300
b. $200
c. $100
d. -$100
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
88. Refer to Table 18-5. What is the value for the cell labeled CC?
a. 650
b. 600
c. 100
d. 50
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
89. Refer to Table 18-5. What is the value for the cell labeled DD?
a. -$100
b. $300
c. $100
d. $50
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
784 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
Table 18-6
90. Refer to Table 18-6. What is the marginal product of the third worker?
a. 7
b. 8
c. 25
d. 75
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Analytical
91. Refer to Table 18-6. Suppose that the firm pays its workers $75 per day. Each unit of output sells for $10. How
many days of labor should the firm hire?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
92. Refer to Table 18-6. Suppose that the firm pays its workers $55 per day. Each unit of output sells for $12. How
many days of labor should the firm hire?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor | Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
93. If hiring more workers results in each additional worker contributing successively smaller amounts of output, then
a. diminishing profitability is present.
b. diminishing marginal cost is present.
c. diminishing marginal product is present.
d. diminishing total product is present.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Definitional
94. Diminishing marginal product affects the shape of the production function in what way?
a. The slope of the production function decreases as the quantity of input increases.
b. The production function becomes steeper as the quantity of input increases.
c. The production function slopes downwar
d.
d. The production function is horizontal beyond a certain quantity of input.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product | Production function MSC: Applicative
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 785
95. Diminishing marginal product is closely related to
a. diminishing total cost.
b. diminishing marginal cost.
c. increasing price.
d. increasing marginal cost.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Interpretive
96. Diminishing marginal product occurs when
a. the marginal product of an input increases as the quantity of the input increases.
b. the marginal product of an input decreases as the quantity of the input increases.
c. total output increases as the quantity of an input increases.
d. total output decreases as the quantity of an input increases.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Definitional
97. Diminishing marginal product occurs when
a. the increases to total output are declining.
b. marginal product is decreasing.
c. total output is decreasing.
d. Both a and b are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Interpretive
98. When a production function exhibits a diminishing, but positive, marginal product of labor,
a. output increases, but at an increasing rate, as more workers are employed.
b. output increases, but at a decreasing rate, as more workers are employed.
c. output declines as more workers are employe
d.
d. the effects on marginal product are ambiguous.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Marginal product of labor MSC: Applicative
99. If a firm experiences diminishing marginal productivity of labor, the marginal product
a. increases as total product increases.
b. decreases as total product increases.
c. increases as total product decreases.
d. decreases as total product decreases.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Definitional
100. A profit-maximizing, competitive firm for which the marginal product of labor is diminishing also experiences
a. a perfectly inelastic supply of labor.
b. a perfectly elastic supply of labor.
c. a downward-sloping demand for labor.
d. an upward-sloping demand for labor.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product | Labor demand MSC: Applicative
101. Typically, as a firm hires additional workers, the marginal product of labor
a. and the value of the marginal product of labor both decrease.
b. stays constant and the value of the marginal product of labor decreases.
c. decreases and the value of the marginal product of labor stays constant.
d. decreases and the value of the marginal product of labor increases.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product | Value of the marginal product MSC: Applicative
786 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
102. When deciding whether to hire an additional worker, firms look at how the additional worker would affect
a. costs only.
b. revenue only.
c. output only.
d. profit.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
103. The value of the marginal product of any input is equal to the marginal product of that input multiplied by the
a. additional revenue.
b. marginal cost of the output.
c. change in total profit.
d. market price of the output.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Definitional
104. The value of the marginal product of labor is equal to the change in
a. marginal cost caused by the addition of the last worker.
b. total cost caused by the addition of the last worker.
c. total revenue caused by the addition of the last worker.
d. total profit caused by the addition of the last worker.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Definitional
105. When a firm experiences diminishing marginal product, what is the shape of the curve that represents the value of the marginal product of labor?
a. U-shaped
b. flat
c. downward sloping
d. upward sloping
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
106. To maximize profit, a competitive firm hires workers up to the point of intersection of the
a. marginal product curve and the wage line.
b. value of marginal product curve and the wage line.
c. value of marginal product curve and the marginal revenue curve.
d. total revenue curve and the wage lin
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
107. The negative slope of the value of marginal product curve is most easily explained by
a. tight labor markets.
b. a surplus of workers.
c. diminishing marginal product.
d. diminishing marginal cost.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Applicative
108. If the value of the marginal product of labor exceeds the wage, then hiring another worker increases the firm's
a. profit.
b. total cost.
c. total revenue.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production 787 109. If the wage exceeds the value of the marginal product of labor, then hiring another worker
a. decreases the firm's total revenue.
b. increases the firm's profit.
c. increases the firm's total cost.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
110. A competitive, profit-maximizing firm hires workers up to the point where the
a. marginal product equals zero.
b. marginal revenue product equals zero.
c. marginal product equals the wage.
d. value of the marginal product equals the wag
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
111. A worker's contribution to a firm's revenue is measured directly by the worker's
a. marginal product.
b. value of marginal product.
c. marginal product multiplied by the worker’s wage.
d. value of marginal product multiplied by the output pric
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
112. We observes a profit-maximizing firm hiring its 51st employee. It is possible to infer that, when 50 employees are hired, the
a. wage exceeds the value of the marginal product of labor.
b. value of the marginal product of labor exceeds the wage.
c. marginal product of labor is increasing.
d. firm is attempting to increase its market shar
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
113. A profit-maximizing, competitive firm will always hire an additional worker when the additional worker makes a positive contribution to
a. total revenue.
b. total profit.
c. the value of the marginal product of labor.
d. marginal revenu
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
114. Suppose that in January a profit-maximizing firm has 25 employees. By February, the firm has decreased employment. One can infer that, when 25 employees are hired, the
a. firm is losing market share.
b. firm is minimizing losses.
c. wage exceeds the value of the marginal product of labor.
d. value of the marginal product of labor exceeds the wag
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
115. A competitive firm will hire workers up to the point at which the value of the marginal product of labor equals the
a. average total cost.
b. average variable cost.
c. wage.
d. price per unit of output.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Applicative
788 Chapter 18/The Markets for the Factors of Production
116. Competitive firms that maximize profit will hire workers until the value of the marginal product of labor
a. equals the wage.
b. equals the price of the final good.
c. begins to fall.
d. begins to ris
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Analytical
117. For the profit-maximizing competitive firm, the value of marginal product curve is
a. always rising.
b. falling only when marginal product is rising.
c. the labor supply curve.
d. the labor demand curv
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
The figure represents the value of marginal product for a firm that sells its product in a competitive market. Figure 18-1
118. Refer to Figure 18-1. The value of the marginal product curve shown in this figure is the same as which of the following?
a. the labor supply curve
b. the labor demand curve
c. the marginal revenue curve
d. the total revenue curve
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Value of the marginal product MSC: Interpretive
119. Refer to Figure 18-1. The shape of the curve suggests the presence of
a. an inverted production function.
b. diminishing total product.
c. increasing marginal product.
d. diminishing marginal product.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 18-1
TOP: Diminishing marginal product MSC: Analytical
120. Refer to Figure 18-1. To maximize profit, a firm will hire a quantity of labor
a. less than Q*.
b. greater than Q*.
c. equal to Q*.
d. that cannot be determined from the diagram. The labor supply curve is needed to make this determination. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 18-1
TOP: Labor demand MSC: Analytical
经济学原理对应练习 21
Chapter 21 The Theory of Consumer Choice Multiple Choice 1. The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understanding a. the structure of a firm. b. the profitability of a firm. c. a firm's product deman d. d. a firm's product supply. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 2. The theory of consumer choice examines a. the determination of output in competitive markets. b. the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers. c. how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes. d. the determination of prices in competitive markets. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 3. Consider two goods, books and hamburgers. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by the a. consumer's income divided by the price of hamburgers. b. relative price of books and hamburgers. c. consumer's marginal rate of substitution. d. number of books purchased divided by the number of hamburgers purchased. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive 4. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for CDs and DVDs will a. shift outward, parallel to the original budget constraint. b. shift inward, parallel to the original budget constraint. c. rotate outward along the CD axis because we can afford more CDs. d. rotate outward along the DVD axis because we can afford more DVDs. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 5. If the relative price of a concert ticket is 3 times the price of a meal at a good restaurant, then the opportunity cost of a concert ticket can be measured by the a. slope of the budget constraint. b. slope of an indifference curve. c. marginal rate of substitution. d. income effect. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 6. When the price of a shirt falls, the a. quantity of shirts demanded falls. b. quantity of shirts demanded rises. c. quantity of shirts supplied rises. d. demand for shirts falls. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1 TOP: Demand MSC: Analytical 898
曼昆版 经济学原理第七版 课后题及答案
二十三章 1下列每种交易会影响CDP的哪一部分(如果有影响的话)?并解释之。 A．家庭购买了一台新冰箱。 答：家庭购买了一台新冰箱会增加GDP中的消费(C)部分，因为家庭用于家用电器的支出计算在消费的耐用品类中。 B．杰妮姑妈买了一所新房子。 答：杰妮姑妈买了一所新房子会增加GDP中的投资(1)部分，因为家庭住宅能长期供人居住，提供服务。它比一般耐用消费品的使用寿命更长，因此把住宅房屋的投资计算在投资中。 C.福特汽车公司由其存货中出售了一部雷鸟牌汽车。 答：福利汽车公司由其存货中出售了一部雷鸟牌汽车会减少现期GDP中的投资，因为销售中间物品存货时，企业的存货投资是负的，因而减少了当期的GDP。 C．你买了一个比萨饼。 答：我买了一个比萨饼会增加GDP中的消费(C)，因为我用于购买食品的支出计算在消费的非耐用品类中。 D．加利福尼亚重新铺设了101号高速公路。 答：加利福尼亚重新铺设了101号高速公路增加了GDP中的政府购买(G)，因为修建高速公路是政府的行为。 E．你的父母购买了一瓶法国红酒。 答：我的父母购买了一瓶法国红酒会减少GDP中的净出口(NX)，因为法国红酒是进口食品，它的购买增加了美国的进口。 F．本田公司扩大其在俄亥俄州马利斯维尔的工厂。 答：本田公司扩大其在俄亥俄州马利斯维尔的工厂增加了GDP中的净出口(NX)，因为本田公司是一家日本企业，它在美国的投资减少了美国对日本本田汽车的进口，使NX增加 2．GDP组成部分中的“政府购买”并不包括用于社会保障这类转移支付的支出。想想GDP 的定义，解释为什么转移支付不包括在政府购买内? 答：因为转移支付并不是要交换现在生产的物品或劳务，从宏观经济的角度看，转移支付就像税收和回扣一样。转移支付和税收一样改变了家庭收入，但并没有反映经济的生产。由于GDP是要衡量在某一既定时期一个国家从物品与劳务的生产中得到的收入，所以，不把转移支付包括在政府购买内。 6．考虑以下美国GDP的数据： A．1996年到1997年间名义收入增长率是多少?(注意：增长率是一个时期到下一个时期百分比的变动。 答：1996年到1997年间名义收入增长率是5．86%。 B．1996年到1997年间，GDP平减指数的增长率是多少? 答：1996年到1997年间，GDP平减指数的增长率是1．8%。 C．按1992年的价格衡量，1996年的实际GDP是多少? 答：按1992年的价格衡量，1996年的实际收入是69654．5亿元。 D．按1992年的价格衡量，1997年的实际GDP是多少? 答：按1992年的价格衡量，1997年的实际收入是72419．7亿元。
马克思主义政治经济学原理案例集
《马克思主义政治经济学原理》 课程案例分析集 同济大学文法学院理论经济学系经济学教研室 案例一 材料1．提供气象信息商品的劳动创造价值吗？ 2002年7月4日夜，2002年第5号热带风暴“威马逊”肆虐东海，近中心最大风力达到12级（50米／秒）以上，东海海面巨浪汹涌。 “威马逊”到来的前6天，坐落在北纬29度、东经125度东海海面的平湖油气田收到了上海市中心气象台传来的“警报”：“未来5～6天，台风‘威马逊’将影响你平台，建议作好撤出的准备。”平台上的所有工作人员在直升飞机的协助下迅速撤离，避免了一场灾难的发生。 “台风对平台的影响本身不大，但在上面作业的人员面对台风的心理压力极大，如果不及时撤离，有可能发生一些极端事件。”上海市中心气象台副台长杨礼敏说。 平湖油气田是上海市中心气象台的长期企业客户之一。气象台每隔3～6小时左右向该平台提供海上、空中和陆地的全方位信息，以图文传送，还提供气象专业网站。上海市中心气象台现已拥有120家左右的长期客户和100多家“散户”，。“根据企业各自的需求，我们为其量身定制气象信息，并在物价局制定标准伪基础上协商信息使用的费用，所以，每家的费用都不同。”最高的达到每年20万元；而最低的也就几百块钱。”杨礼敏说：“但我们也要承担很大风险和压力：预报毕竟是有误差的，像这次的台风，企业撤离和重返平台的成本都是上千万元，所以，如果我们的信息不准，会造成很大的损失。”据杨礼敏介绍，上海市中心气象台向企业提供专业有偿气象服务的历史可以追溯到1984年，为英国的BP公司在南黄海的石油钻探作“气象护航”。现在，气象台的客户除了海上作业、码头、航运等一贯靠天吃饭的企业外，还有了一些新的变化。 材料2．电子货币——中外银行卡的产生及作用 信用卡作为电子货币的主要形式，20世纪初起源于美国。它最早是由商家发行的。商家们为了推销商品的需要，刺激购买，有选择地向一些讲信誉的
《经济学原理》练习题答案
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日常生活中的经济学原 理现象和案例 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
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经济学原理对应练习
如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！Chapter 21 The Theory of Consumer Choice Multiple Choice 1. The theory of consumer choice provides the foundation for understanding a. the structure of a firm. b. the profitability of a firm. c. a firm's product deman d. d. a firm's product supply. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 2. The theory of consumer choice examines a. the determination of output in competitive markets. b. the tradeoffs inherent in decisions made by consumers. c. how consumers select inputs into manufacturing production processes. d. the determination of prices in competitive markets. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-0 TOP: Consumer choice MSC: Definitional 3. Consider two goods, books and hamburgers. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by the a. consumer's income divided by the price of hamburgers. b. relative price of books and hamburgers. c. consumer's marginal rate of substitution. d. number of books purchased divided by the number of hamburgers purchased. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Interpretive 4. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for CDs and DVDs will a. shift outward, parallel to the original budget constraint. b. shift inward, parallel to the original budget constraint. c. rotate outward along the CD axis because we can afford more CDs. d. rotate outward along the DVD axis because we can afford more DVDs. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 5. If the relative price of a concert ticket is 3 times the price of a meal at a good restaurant, then the opportunity cost of a concert ticket can be measured by the a. slope of the budget constraint. b. slope of an indifference curve. c. marginal rate of substitution. d. income effect. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 21-1 TOP: Budget constraint MSC: Analytical 6. When the price of a shirt falls, the a. quantity of shirts demanded falls. b. quantity of shirts demanded rises. c. quantity of shirts supplied rises. d. demand for shirts falls. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 21-1 TOP: Demand MSC: Analytical 898页
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经济学原理对应练习--11
Chapter 11 Public Goods and Common Resources Multiple Choice 1. For most goods in an economy, the signal that guides the decisions of buyers and sellers is a. greed. b. consumer surplus. c. prices. d. profits. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 11-0 TOP: Private goods MSC: Applicative 2. When goods do not have a price, which of the following primarily ensures that the good is produced? a. entrepreneurs b. the government c. charities d. the market ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 11-0 TOP: Public goods MSC: Applicative 3. When a good is excludable, a. one person's use of the good diminishes another person's ability to use it. b. people can be prevented from using the good. c. no more than one person can use the good at the same time. d. everyone will be excluded from using the good. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 11-1 TOP: Excludability MSC: Definitional 4. A good is excludable if a. one person's use of the good diminishes another person's enjoyment of it. b. the government can regulate its availability. c. it is not a normal goo d. d. people can be prevented from using it. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 11-1 TOP: Excludability MSC: Definitional 5. Excludability is the property of a good whereby a. one person's use diminishes other people's use. b. a person can be prevented from using it. c. a good is private, not public. d. a good is public, not privat e. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 11-1 TOP: Excludability MSC: Definitional 6. Goods that are excludable include both a. natural monopolies and public goods. b. public goods and common resources. c. common resources and private goods. d. private goods and natural monopolies. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 11-1 TOP: Excludability MSC: Applicative 7. Goods that are not excludable include both a. private goods and public goods. b. natural monopolies and common resources. c. common resources and public goods. d. private goods and natural monopolies. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 11-1 TOP: Excludability MSC: Applicative
经济学原理经典题及答案
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