英文导游词并附带中文解释

英文导游词并附带中文解释

中国作为古代四大文明古国之一，许多著名景点吸引了各国各地友人慕名而来。下面是小编为你们整理出来的一些英文导游词范文，并且附上中文导游词，希望能帮到你们。

平遥古城英语导游词

Ladies and gentlemen, this time we are going to visit the famous Pingyao County. Pingyao County is one of the cultural heritages of the world heritage list. Please keep the floor clean during the tour. If you have any questions, you can ask me.

We first came to the first tourist spot: South Street. The composition of Pingyao County is crisscrossed four streets, eight small streets, seventy-two winding streets, and now we come to the South Street of four Avenue. You see, on both sides of the street, old and famous shops are flourishing traditional commercial streets. During the Qing Dynasty, South Street controlled more than fifty percent of the financial institutions in the country.

West Street is known as "the first street of Finance in Qing Dynasty", and it is a main street directly connected with East Street. And the East Avenue North and South Street intersection, North Street is to the west central street.

Eight small streets and seventy-two lanes are named in the nearby buildings or marked signs; some are named in the temple temple; some are named in a city in the city; and some streets and lanes have been unable to explore the source of the name.

There are many beautiful legends in Pingyao County, such as sleeping aunts and drug wives, and burning T own God's Temple. Please take a good tour of this beautiful ancient city.

各位旅客，本次我们将要游览着名的平遥古城。平遥古城是《世

界遗产名录》的文化遗产之一。游览时请保持地面干净，如果有问题可以问我。

我们首先来到第一处游览点：南大街。平遥古城的构成，是纵横交错的四大街、八小街、七十二条蚰蜒巷，而我们现在来到的就是四大街其中的南大街。你们看，街道两旁，老字号、传统名店林立，是繁盛的传统商业街。在清朝时期，南大街控制着全国百分之五十以上的金融机构。

西大街被誉为“大清金融第一街”，与东大街呈一条笔直贯通的主街。而东大街北端和南大街相交，北大街则通往西大街中部。

八小街和七十二条蚰蜒巷，名称各有由来，有的得名于附近的建筑或醒目标志;有的得名于祠庙;有的得名于一座城中之城;还有一些街巷已经无法探究名字来源了。

平遥古城有许多美丽的传说，如睡姑姑和药婆、火烧城隍庙。请你们好好游览一下这座美丽的古城吧!

长城英语导游词

Hello, everyone! I am a small tour guide Chen Mingxiao. Welcome to the magnificent the Great Wall. Today, I am honored to introduce to you the the Great Wall, the great ancient Chinese architecture. Now, let's start a tour of the Great Wall!

As the saying goes, "less than the Great Wall is not a good man", climbing the Great Wall must have perseverance and unyielding perseverance and determination, and can not give up halfway. We can watch and climb on the other side. Let me first introduce the Great Wall to you: the Great Wall is made up of Guan Cheng, enemy building, smoke pier, Beacon Tower, enemy platform, wall platform, woo wall, stack, hole, perforation, etc. The Beacon T ower and the mound are used to deliver the enemy. During the day, smoked on smoked pits, and the number of smoke piles represents the number of enemy soldiers. I can't see the smoke at night and make a fire on the Beacon T ower. This

way of transmitting information was the fastest and most effective in that era, and Beacon Tower played a very important role.

At this time, I saw a child climbing on the wall. I held him down and said to everyone, "please be careful not to climb on the wall. It is very dangerous. Outside the wall is a dangerous mountain. Falling down is not fun! "

Now, let me tell you more about the story of the Great Wall: Once upon a time, there was a man named Meng Jiangnu who went to dress for her husband who repaired the Great Wall. She went to the Great Wall, but she didn't find her husband. She quickly asked others that he had been buried in the Great Wall. She cried and cried for many years. Finally, she cried down the Great Wall and finally saw her husband.

The Great Wall is beautiful, magnificent, winding, and you are welcome to visit it.

各位旅客,你们好!我是小导游陈明逍，欢迎你们来到雄伟壮观的万里长城!今天，由我来为大家介绍中国伟大的古建筑——长城，我感到非常荣幸!现在，我们就开始长城之旅吧!

俗话说“不到长城非好汉”，攀登长城要有持之以恒、永不退缩的毅力和决心，不能中途放弃!我们可以一边观赏一边攀登。我先为大家介绍一下长城：长城是由关城、敌楼、烟墩、烽火台、敌台、墙台、宇墙、垛口、望洞、射孔等组成的。烽火台和烟墩是用来传递敌情的。白天在烟墩上燃烟，烟堆的多少代表敌兵的数量。晚上看不见烟，就在烽火台上生火。这种传递信息的方式，在那个时代是最迅速、最有效的，烽火台起到了非常大的作用。

这时，我看到有个小孩子在城墙上爬。我把他抱下来后对大家说：“请注意不能在城墙上爬，这是很危险的。城墙外是险要的山峰，跌落下去可不是好玩的!”

下面，我再给大家讲讲有关长城的故事：从前，有个人叫孟姜女，

她去为修长城的丈夫送衣服。她到了长城，却没找到她的丈夫。她连忙问别人，别人说他已被埋在长城里了。她伤心的哭，哭了很多年，最后，她把长城哭倒了，终于看到了她的丈夫。

长城很美丽、很壮观，蜿蜒曲折，欢迎你们细细游赏!

湖南凤凰古城英文导游词

ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where were arriving is one of the two most beautiful town in China----the old town of fenghuang, its a very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhou together.and its the hometown of mr shengcongwen.

fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,its very hot for travelling since the old time. even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is also a dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent their childhood here.now, lets set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.

THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN

This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther, archaeologist and historian in china.

lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town, the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonic style of ming and qing dynasty. walk into the yard, you can find that there is a small patio in the center of the countryard. which is built with red rock. around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated by special carved wooden windows .its so beautiful.

common people,and know their tragic lives. this special experience stunned up his enthusiasm of writhing . so in 1919, mr shen went to beijing alone, and began his hard writing . after his series of works WEST OF HUNAN FRINGE TOWN were

punished, mr shen became nation -wide well -known.at that time, he was even as famous as luxun, another famous auther in chiese literature area. its said that shencongwen is the one who is the most possible to win the prize.

mr shen devoted all his life to writing,his 5-million word works are though as the precious legacy to the world literature.meanwhile, these works are also very veluable date for researching the history of hunan province and even china.

凤凰古城国家历史文化名城，曾被新西兰著名作家路易艾黎称赞为中国最美丽的小城。这里与吉首的德夯苗寨，永顺的猛洞河，贵州的梵净山相毗邻，是怀化、吉首、贵州铜仁三地之间的必经之路。209国道和湘黔省道从县境穿叉过，铜仁大兴机场距县城仅27公里，交通实为便利。

各位朋友，大家好---吗?(声音洪亮)今天小导和大家一起去闯闯美丽的龙潭虎穴-----湘西，解放初期湘西就一直有中国的盲肠之称。闭塞的交通、恶劣的环境、一种诡异的鬼神文化、一群忠厚血性的蛮人，构成了原始神秘又不失美艳的大湘西，等候大家千年之久的凤凰古城就坐落在这样的环境之中。

不远千里，花钱若干，再加上四个半小时的车程，我们就能身临其境的感受中国最美丽的小城的绝世风貌了。漫漫的征程一点都不会让我们寂寞，一小时后我们将闻到刘晓庆米豆腐的清香、茶叶飘香的古丈今天还留有宋祖英的嘹亮歌声、高度自治的州政府吉首会让你感受土司自治的遗风、209国道的按摩路定会一扫旅途的疲劳，凤凰古城就在200多公里的那头静静的等着我们。

五代十国，天下割据，各国之间的门户之争非常激烈，楚王马殷与湘西部落的战争就发生在湘西门户永顺县的酉水之畔。江西人士彭士愁定居在永顺后凭借其厚重的德性竟然被推举为土家部落首领，马殷之子马希范(第二代楚王)为了征服湘西的山民，便与彭在酉水(猛洞河)发生了大规模的战争，结果双方僵持不下，被迫签订了有名的溪州停战协议，并将协议内容可在国家二级文物溪州铜柱上。按照协议，

湘西各部落开始进入了自治管理的阶段，这就是在湘西延续了800多年的土司制度的诞生，当年酉水旁边的一个小村落也成了历史上第一个土司王府所在地，这个村庄到现在还被称为王村，如果不是因为上世纪80年代的一次大事情，我想王村之名还不会落寞下去。

1986年，一群扛着古怪仪器的人来到了这里，一番折腾之后竟然成就了第七界中国电影金鸡奖的传世佳作芙蓉镇。姜文饰演的右派分子秦书田和刘晓庆饰演的豆腐西施胡玉英在四清五反的运动中不顾环境的艰辛，依然决定将爱情进行到底，在当时感动了多少性情中人啊，这部影片也成了大导演谢晋的扛鼎之作。导演走了，米豆腐的香味却留了下来，昔日胡玉英的113号豆腐店生意还是那么火爆，电影看过了，芙蓉镇的名字也随之留了下来，现在很多人只知道有芙蓉镇，而不知王村在何处。

(进入古丈)

影后的豆腐我们也吃了，芙蓉镇的美艳也见识过了，过了身后不远的芙蓉镇大桥我们就到了湘西的金凤凰宋祖英的家乡了，同时也是著名歌唱家何继光的家乡。 2003年，宋祖英在世界的音乐殿堂维也纳金色大厅进行了首个华人演唱会，吸引了全世界的眼光。婉转动听的山歌让人如痴如醉;全身上下光芒四射的苗家盛装更是人人叹为观止。苗家人为什么那么喜欢唱歌和苗家人为什么那么崇拜银饰就成了耐人寻味的问题。

苗族人从遥远的北方迁徙过来，历经了太多的磨难，最后在山高林密的湘西地区和黔东南地区安顿下来，靠自己的坚韧性格逐渐人丁兴旺，生活安定。苗族人南迁的时候象形文字都还没有形成，所以直到今天苗族人都还没有文字，所有关于民族历史的记忆都是靠把图案刻画在一种白色金属来记载的，这种金属就是白银。因此对苗族人而言，白银不是装饰品，而是一种书，记录着她们必须流传的民族文化，也包含着她们的民族深情。长期巫傩文化的影响也让苗族人认为白色的东西是可以辟邪的，是可以保健康的，所以孩子很小的时候家里人一定会给她们佩戴纯银的长命锁和响铃手镯等等。银离子特殊的杀菌、抗辐射的保健功效也是苗族人朴实的养生观念。所以这个民族对银饰

的崇拜是其他民族没办法相比的，四千年的绘画工艺和白银的完美结合成就了国家的非物质文化遗产----苗银手工锻造技艺。到了风凰城你就不难发现，古城最火爆的买卖就是白银交易。

苗家人爱唱歌我想可能和他们的生活环境有关吧。长期以来，湘西都是通讯靠吼、交通靠走的局面，这也就练就了他们的一副好嗓子。山区山高林密，浓雾遮目，早上出门为了不让自己被早起的猎人误伤，所以必须边哼唱边劳动。你再看看古丈的环境，是不是茶树特别多，采新茶必须在有露水的时候采，就要起的很早，所以早上以茶园的歌声最嘹亮，而古丈走出去的两位歌唱家都和茶有关系。何继光老师在很多年以前就唱了脍炙人口的《挑担茶叶上北京》，而宋祖英为了家乡茶业的发展也唱了一首《古丈茶歌》，经过两代人的努力，今天的古丈茶已经位列中国十大名茶，古丈县也有了茶城之说。

为了感谢大家这么长时间的听我胡说八道，接下来我用自己公鸭似的嗓音为大家带来野兽派歌手的真情嚎叫，一首挑担茶叶上北京带给大家，为我家乡的稀有物产打打气，加加油。先鼓掌，后欣赏。

(进入吉首)

很快我们就进入湘西土家族苗族自治州的州府所在地吉首了，距离我们翘首盼望的美丽小城只有区区54公里了。在我们右手边的一大片厂房便是湘西北地区最大的国企----酒鬼酒股份有限公司(湘泉集团)。我们国家白酒的三大巨头：贵州茅台、四川五粮液、湘西酒鬼都有一个共同的特点，那就是都处于我国大西南的云贵高原一带，究竟是什么原因呢?后来一些风水先生揭开了其中的秘密。高原多山，在五行中属金，而金生水，所以山青永远和水秀是联系在一起的，有了好水自然就能酿出好酒了。五行中水对应着人体的肾脏，酒是水的精华，因此就有了多喝伤肝，少饮养肾的说法。让我们打开车窗去品味一下曾经最贵白酒的酒香味，湘泉和酒鬼系列都是中国的上等白酒，有可能的话我还可以带大家去参观酒厂，而且可以免费的喝上二两。

作为湘西政治、经济和文化的中心，吉首也有山城的显著特点。城市不大，应势而建，交通也不是很通畅，布局也不是太规范，随处可见市场，这可能也算是土司制度的遗留问题吧。

(进入209国道)

凤凰城的游览其实就是一个自由购物的过程，古城虽大，却只卖四种东西。交易量最大的就是白银，其次是凤凰有名的千年小吃姜糖和猕猴桃，最后是湘西腊味。

随着外来文化的渗透，白银行业也变得不单纯了，良莠不齐了。几百家银饰店我也不知道哪家的好，但我告诉大家两个衡量标准之后，买到假货的可能性就很小了。期货原银的价格已经到了十块了，所以加上手工费还有店面、人员等成本，一个正常的纯银饰品的售价应该是在25----32之间，这是价格的标准。说到质量，你千万不要相信假一罚十的鬼话，也不可全信导游的话，如果可以用一千多的高温进行煅烧的银器才是纯度好的银器。进入古城后，我会先带大家去县政府授牌的苗族银饰手工锻造所去参观，在研究所里面可以了解到现在古城销售的都有些什么样的银饰品，还可以直观的看到高温是如何检验银器的。所谓的基地啊、研究所啊在古城也不少，大家一定要好好看看牌子，要是政府单位民族局的授牌才是真的哦。要说品牌啊，还是老杨家的后人创建的天下宏兴堂为最好，那可是湘西最大的民营集团哦。

故宫中英文导游词

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace

Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?

大家好!欢迎游客们到故宫观光游览。今天，我将带领大家游览故宫，希望游客们能喜欢我!

游客们!故宫博物院是在明、清两代皇宫——紫禁城的基础上建立的一座集古代建筑群、宫廷收藏、历代文化艺术为一体的大型综合性博物馆。紫禁城占地面积约100多万平方米，建筑面积约1万平米。故宫里一共居住过24位皇帝，第一位是明代永乐皇帝朱棣，最后一位是清代宣统皇帝溥仪，统治全国长达491年。所以说故宫的历史非常悠久呢!

游客们，请往上看，这就是午门，在古代，杀什么人都要在午门前杀呢!从午门进去，我们就可以看到内金水桥。从内金水桥过去，过一个太和门，就可以看到宫廷原状陈列的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，是皇帝听政的地方，宏伟之极。从保和殿出来，过一个乾清门，就来到乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫，传说修故宫时，是为了能天下太平，才修的这三个地方呢。过了坤宁门，就是御花园，御花园里景色秀美，

有许多奇形怪状的石头，遇到这些石头时，记住留影纪念喔!

再过了顺贞门和神武门，我们的故宫之游就结束了。回头看看这雄伟的故宫，是不是有些舍不得呢?

Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity.

Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings.

Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace

stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude.

There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity.

When you look up the building in the Forbidden City, you can see mythical animal statues on the eaves of each building. Originally, there used to be big wooden nails on the roof to prevent the tiles from sliding down. Later they were replaced by glazed tiles, which were shaped into mythical animal statues for better beautification. They are symbols of auspiciousness and peace, and people believed that they are capable of subduing fire and warding off evil spirits.

Inside of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, you can see the gilded caisson ceiling high above the throne with a magnificent sculpture of a curling dragon playing with a huge pear was called “Xuanyuan Jing”， representing orthodox succession.

This hall is supported by 72 giant columns inside. In the old days, the traditional way of the Chinese to calculate a “room” is that: a square enclosed by four pillars was treated as one “room”，so the hall can be said to have 55 “rooms” in total. The six columns inside are gilded and painted with coiled dragon amidst clouds, and the rest are painted red.

The emperor's throne is placed on the dais in the center, and

carved in cloud and dragon patterns and gilded. On both sides of the throne are a pair of elephant-shaped incense burners symbolize universal peace and two incense burners shaped as a mythical animal 9,000 kilometers per day and speaking all the languages of nearby kingdoms. Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes and in front of the dais is four cloisonné incense burners. The floor on the ground is paved with “Gold Bricks”，specially made in Suzhou.

The Hall of Middle Harmony is a square-shaped hall with a single pyramidic roof standing behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This was the place where the emperor would take a short rest before he went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for grand ceremonies. Every year before the emperor went to the Altars and Temples, the emperor would receive and read the sacrificial address here.

Before the emperor went to the Altar of Agriculture for offering the sacrifice, the seeds intended for spring sowing and the ploughs were examined here, just to show the concern of the emperor for agriculture.

According to the rule, the imperial genealogy should be revised every ten years. The ceremony of presenting the genealogy to the emperor for revision and approval would also be held here.

Now, we come to the Hall of Preserving Harmony, the last of the three front halls.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, on each New Year's Eve and the 15th day of the lunar moth, banquets would be held to entertain the civil and military officials and the princes and envoys of the Mongolian nobles and other nationalities. To celebrate the princess's marriage, the emperor would incite the

bridegroom and his father as well as their relatives who served for the imperial government to a banquet.

The Imperial Palace Exam was held here once every three years in the Qing dynasty.

Just behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony, there is a big Marble Rampcarved with mountain cliffs, sea waves, clouds and nine dragons. It is 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick, and weighs about 250 tons.

各位朋友，穿过午门，现在我们已经进入故宫。故宫中这第一进院落就是太和门广场。首先我们看到是内金水河，它子西向东婉言流过太和门广场，上边有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下市内金水河，内金水河从紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城，沿紫禁城内西侧南流，至武英殿东向，经武英殿门前，再东经涵道至太和门前。又经涵道东出至文渊阁前水池，从文渊阁东出经三座门前石桥，最后流入无门东侧筒子河，全长2100米。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是宫中营造用水和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了分隔空间、点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

跨过金水桥，这片广场曾经是明代皇帝玉门听政时百官待驾的地方。何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门，即前朝的正门，初建于明永乐年间，当时叫奉天门，明嘉靖年间改称皇极门，清顺治年后改称太和门。“听政”是指听取政事。明永乐皇帝朱棣迁都北京不到百日，三大殿被大火烧毁，朱棣曾在此御门听政，处理国家朝政。清朝入关后，清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在太和门举行的。

太和门东庑中间的门叫协和门，西庑中间的门叫熙和门。太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿称为“六合”。在太和门两旁还有两道门，分别为昭德门和贞度门。

过了太和门我们就来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场。

太和殿广场几本呈正方形，整个院落平坦宽阔，气势非凡。中间御路以青石，两侧青砖墁地。北有太和殿，南为太和殿，东为体仁阁，西为弘义阁，面积约3万平方米，是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。整个广场可容纳近7万人。在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、万寿这些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的大朝礼。

大家请看，远处正前方是一片汉白玉雕砌的三层高台基，呈“土”字形，俗称“三台”。台基高8.13米，台边缘高7.12米，三层台基间，分列着18尊鼎式香炉。在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙头，那些小龙的名字叫“螭”，是传说中一种没有角的龙，这些小龙头实际上是大殿的排水系统。如果仔细看会发现每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔，即喷水孔，三层基座之上共设小龙头1142个，每当下大雨的时候，雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出，非常壮观。为管中一景，被称为“千龙吐水”。三重台基承托着雄伟的三大殿，这就是故宫的中心建筑--太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿位于“土”字形须弥座的南部，各位可以先在这里留个影，然后我们就去参观太和殿。

好!现在我们面前这座高台上的宏伟建筑就是太和殿，也就是民间所说的“金銮宝殿”。太和殿是紫禁城的正殿，被视为黄泉的象征。太和殿始建于明永乐年间，原名奉天殿，嘉靖年间重建后改称皇极殿。清初顺治年间改称太和殿，康熙年间又两次大规模改造，才有今天我们看到的太和殿的规模。“太和”二字出自《周易*乾* 彖辞传》中的“乾道变化，各证性命，保合大和乃利贞。”“太”即大，“和”即和谐。意思是在天道的主宰夏，阴阳和合，太和元气常运不息，万物和谐共存。太和殿面阔11间，进深5间，殿高35.05米，面积约2377平方米。它是紫禁城乃至全国现存的最高、最大、最尊贵的宫殿，也是现存的中国宫殿建筑中规模最大的一座。太和殿在清明两代是举行大朝礼的地方。每逢元旦、冬至、万寿，即皇帝生日这三大节及皇帝登基、大婚、命将出征、金殿传胪等重大活动都要在他喝点举行隆重的庆典。此外，冬至圜丘坛大忌、孟春圜丘坛常雩礼、孟春祁谷坛前一日，皇帝也都要在太和殿阅视祭祀祝版。

大家请抬头看太和殿的屋顶，太和殿屋顶是采用古建筑中等级最

高的重檐庑殿顶。屋顶正脊上两头的这两大琉璃构件叫大吻，吻上的龙形有镇火的意思。除了装饰性，它的使用功能是密合殿顶正脊和垂脊的交会处，以防风雨侵蚀。这两个大吻高3.4米，宽2.68米，重4.3吨，由13块琉璃构件组成，是现存古建中最大的吻。太和殿殿顶四面坡的筒子瓦上镶有琉璃帽钉两排，垂脊上还有10个垂脊兽，分别是龙、凤、狮、海马、天马、押鱼、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什，脊兽钱是骑凤仙人。脊兽和帽钉既有装饰作用又有实用性，他们起着固定屋顶琉璃瓦的作用。在我国古代，脊兽的数量依照建筑物的等级高低而不同，数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。太和殿的脊兽共有10只，全国只有故宫的太和殿是这样。此外，太和殿装饰用的彩绘也是最高等级的金龙和玺。

现在请大家跟随我一起登上高台来看看太和殿的内部陈设。太和殿由72根巨柱支撑，其中66根大红漆柱分布两侧，6根沥粉贴金蟠龙金柱分列宝座两旁。大殿内的地上是“金砖漫地”，这种金砖主要产于江苏省苏州，是专门为皇宫烧造的细料方砖。之所以叫金砖，是因为这种砖烧制时间130天，质地细密，敲之有金石之声。太和殿内的主要陈列室皇帝的宝座。宝座位于二米高的须弥式地平床上，通体雕以金龙，椅子后面是雕龙金漆的七扇屏风。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁世凯复辟的时候，曾经将它换成了一个西式靠背坐椅。解放以后，专家们在库房内发现了宝座的残件，经过一年多的研究整修，终于恢复了宝座原貌。

现在请大家抬头看，宝座的上方时蟠龙藻井，上圆下方，深1.8米，由上、中、下三部分组成，最下层是方井，中层为八角形，上部为圆形。井内蟠龙俯首向下，龙口衔一个铜胎中空的水银球。这个球被称为轩辕镜，寓意下面宝座上的皇帝是轩辕黄帝的正统继承人。藻井的设置一方面是烘托帝王的尊严，另一方面还有镇火的含义。

号，再来看宝座前方，大家可以看到宝座前设有脚踏、香筒、甪端、仙鹤、宝象等。香筒是皇帝上朝的时候用于放置檀香的，通过燃烧着的袅袅的香烟，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。再来看象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳

如泰山，则象征社会和政权的稳固，称为太平有象。甪端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人看作是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。

看完了太和殿内景，现在，让我们转过头来再来看看殿外的陈设。在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只龙头乌龟和一只铜鹤。龟鹤都是祥瑞长寿的动物，摆在这里有千秋万代的含义。再仔细观察一下，大家可能会发现，龟鹤实际上是香炉，龟鹤背上有一块可以开启的盖子，里面可以放香料，上大朝时燃香用，届时香烟从龟鹤口中逸出，烘托了一种神秘庄严地气氛。此外，在太和殿丹陛的东南角还设有日晷。日晷是我国古代的一种计时器，由晷盘和晷针组成，晷针从晷盘中心垂直穿过。自古以来，皇帝就有向天下颁布历书的责任，所以日晷的设置是国家的重器之一。太和殿西南角设有嘉量，是古代的标准量器，放置在这里象征国家的统一和强盛。这两件陈设象征皇帝在时间上和空间上都是公正无私的，对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。

此外，在太和殿外东西两侧还各有鎏金青铜太平缸两口，每口重约2吨。鎏金是一种金属加工工艺，据说这么大的太平缸需要用黄金100两。不幸的是，上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。现在我们还可以清晰地看到缸身上留下的刀刮痕迹。太平缸的主要用途是储水，以备日常洒扫庭院、防火之用。据记载明朝时有热水处太监在每年的小雪节令，便给缸加盖，缸座底下加帖抽，用来生活，以防止缸内的水结冰，清朝时也是如此。紫禁城内现在共有明清两朝遗留下来的铜质及铁质太平缸308口，其中鎏金金铜缸18口。

以上就是太和殿的情况。我刚才说了，太和殿是举行大典的地方，在古代，举行各种大典都要选良辰吉日，那么皇帝在何处等待这里是性时刻的来临呢?就是太和殿后面的中和殿，那我们现在就去看看!

中和殿位于太和殿和保和殿之间，正处于“土”字形须弥座的中部。殿为方形，四角攒尖，鎏金宝顶。中和殿在明朝初年称为华盖殿，嘉靖年间改称中极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿。“中和”二字取自《礼记*中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也;和也者，天下之达道也。”体现了儒家中庸之道的思想。

在明清两代，凡遇到三大节举行庆典前，皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受内阁、内大臣、都察院、翰林院官员及侍卫人员的朝贺。如果遇到皇帝亲自参加方泽、太庙、社稷及历代帝王庙、先师孔子、朝日、夕月等重大几点的时候，皇帝还要提前一天在中和殿阅览祝文，检查种子和农具。

过了中和殿，我们就来到了保和殿，它位于“土”字形须弥座的后部，为重檐歇山顶。明初永乐年间这里叫做谨身殿，嘉靖时改为建极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿。保和殿名称来源与太和殿相同，意思是统治者应该报纸天人合一，维护万物的平衡。

保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候，在举行册立大典的是偶，皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底，还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝时，每逢除夕，皇帝在这里举行宴会，宴请外藩王公。公主下嫁的宴请活动也在这里举行。到了乾隆皇帝以后，保和殿又多了一个用途，成为科举考试中殿试的地方。

大家随我往后走，大家看，在保和殿后的台阶上的这块石雕丹陛，是艾叶青石雕刻而成的，石雕四周都是卷草纹，下端是海水江牙纹，中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美，是难得的石雕珍品。这块丹陛石长16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重达200多吨，这是紫禁城内最大的一块石雕丹陛，采自北京房山境内的大石窝。

好啦!故宫的前三点讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍作休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家!

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