2019大学英语四级阅读理解：学会分析长难句
2019大学英语四级阅读理解：学会分析长难句
1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm。
2、The emplyee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when
it it better to move more slowly。
其实，上面这两个句子，能够说明四级英语很多难句的构成。
1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm。考试大，考试伴你同行
这句话是比较典型的“主谓分离型”，即主语和谓语分得很开，中间有一些限定主语的内容。这类句子的理解我在以前的博文中也提到过：开头的名词一般是句子的主语，当我们确定句子的主语后，就往后找独立存有的谓语动词。
在我们搞懂一个简单句如何变成一个复杂句的过程之前，我们需要先理解简单句变成复杂句的原因。我们举个例子来说明吧：
“书破了。”
这句话缺少一些信息，即到底是哪本书破了呢，没有限定说明；“书”是指哪一本书，是黄颜色的那本书，是刚买来的那本书，还是祖传的那本书呢？我们需要明确，给这本书更多的信息，让读者读个明白！
所以我们会把该句子补充完成为：“(……的)书破了。”
汉语中喜欢把定于放在名词前，但是英语中一般会把相对长的定
语放在名词后面，作为补充限定。所以，我们的结构就变成了“书(……)破了”。
从刚才这个简单的举例中我们不难看出，很多时候，名词需要一
个限定，以避免歧义。值得注意的是，定语从句限定名词一般比较明显，稍难的是短语限定。其实，短语限定能够看做是从句限定的简化，如同在名词后面加了一个括号：
我会写汉字(简体)。
这句话中，“(简体)”部分就好像是一个短语限定，说明汉字是
繁体还是简体。当我们有把“短语限定”与“括号”作某种等同的意识，我们就会把很多理解句子的道理想通。
The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is
an obvious asset to the firm。
本句话中，主语The employee后面不着急出现谓语动词，作者想
对这个主语名词进一步加以限定和补充说明。首先at the home
office这个短语限定就好像是一个括号内的部分一样，告诉我们这位
员工是在国内办公的员工；who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine这个部分由who引导，所以定语从句成分明显，告诉我们“这位在国内办公的员工，能
够通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流”，显然，这些限定很好地说
明了这位员工的背景：这位在国内办公但能通过电话或传真与国外客
户很好交流的员工，对于公司来说，无疑是一笔财富。
这个句子要学会的是名词能够通过加限定成分传达更多的信息。
限定名词的内容能够是一个完成的定语从句，也能够是一个类似括号
功能的短语。
2、The employee posted abroad w ho speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when
it it better to move more slowly。
本句子的基本结构是“The emplyee has an opportunity，and can have the cultural insight”，能够认为是一个主语做了两件事情：员工有一个机会，并且拥有文化洞察力。
但是看完这部分主干后，我们会明显感觉到：主语是怎样的员工
并没有说明，拥有一个怎样的机会缺乏信息，拥有对什么东西的文化
洞察力也缺少说明。所以，只就主干部分来说，传递的信息相当不足。所以作者做了以下改动：
(1)对主语“employee”加限定：
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity。(被派往海外)并(能说该
国主要语言的)员工拥有一个机会。
(2)对宾语“opportunity”作限定：
opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations(加快某些
谈判进程的)机会。to fast-forward certain negotiations这个短语部分起到补充说明作用，类似括号的功能，说明机会的内涵。
(3)对宾语“the cultural insight”作限定：
the cultural insight to know when it it better to move more slowly(知道什么时候慢些会更好的)文化洞察力。to know when it it better to move more slowly这个短语部分起到了补充说明的
作用，也类似一个括号的功能，说明文化洞察力的内容。
经过上面两个句子的分析，我们能很快发现，很多难句的由来是在简单句的名词后面增加了补充说明的限定成分，使句子在提供更多信息的同时变得相对复杂。
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2019高考英语二轮阅读理解归类练习—旅游交通（详解） (2012·江西卷)For those who make journeys across the world，the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village.Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other，allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far.A price has been paid，they say，for the conquest (征服) of time and distance.Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed，not_endured(忍受)．The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey.A journey by train also has a special charm about https://www.360docs.net/doc/ab1891800.html,kes and forests and wild，open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing.On board a plane，however，there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane.The soft lighting，in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know，and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport.People are conveyed like robots along walkways；baggage is weighed，tickets produced，examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area.Journeys by rail and sea take longer，yes，but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder，then，that the modern hi gh-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man，however，is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane.The working lives of too many people depend upon it；whole new industries have been built around its design and opera tion.The holiday-maker，too，with limited time to spend，patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days，relaxing in the sun.Speed controls people's lives；time saved，in work or play，is the important thing—or so we are told.Perhaps those first horsemen，riding free across the wild，open plains，were enjoying a better world than the one we know today.They could travel at will，and the clock was not their master. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，乘坐飞机旅行方便快捷，节省了出行旳时间，然而却也
高中英语阅读理解破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法
破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料，文中含有一些长难句，比较难以理解，对做题会有影响。没关系，看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招，再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析，10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。 英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。 方法1：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如： People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 【分析】that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 方法2：提主干，去枝叶（从句、状语和定语等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s. 【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。 【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作economists 的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语；a
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.
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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller