中考英语专题讲练 虚词(含解析)

虚词

知识精讲

通过对近几年各地中考真题和模考题中完形填空选项的分析，可以看出对虚词的考查远远低于对实词的考查。虚词主要包括介词、连词。在数量上，实词部分考查约占70%~90%，虚词部分考查只占10%~30%。考查重点集中在动词、名词和形容词。可谓是完形填空中出题比例最大，难度最高的题目。相对而言，连词、介词的考查比例很小，通常难度也比较小，属于“志在必得”的题目。

对于虚词的考查主要集中在语法和逻辑关系题型，实词的考查则集中在情感推理、态度推理、上下文推理和词义辨析题型。根据难易程度，学生应该争取将考法相对单一难度较低的介词、连词掌握，争取不丢分。

三点剖析

易错点：对于连词的考查多数是考查句与句或段落与段落之间的逻辑关系，需要联系上下文来分析。例如：After school, they don’t want to stay at home reading books any more. _________, they put aside their school bags and go out to play.

A. However

B. Though

C. Instead

D. Or

【答案】C

【解析】考查了连词和逻辑关系。前文提到“don’t want to ... reading”，后文“put aside their school bags and go out to play”前后表意是一样的，可推知后句是用来补充说明前句的结论，故选C。

题模精选

题模一：介词

例1.1.1Anyway, those strange characters brought happiness back _________ his heart. A．for B．with C．into D．by

例 1.1.2Some kids make July 4 hats _________ the stars and stripes(星条)of the country’s flag on them.

A．for B．with C．at D．by

题模二：连词

例1.2.1There is already less traffic in central Amsterdam, _________ both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes.

A．so B．because

C．but D．while

例1.2.2“I soon learned that’s how everything works in the US,” the old man later told a friend. ‘Life is a cafeteria here. You can get anything you want _________ you are willing to pay the price. You can even get success, but you’ll never get it if you wait for someone to bring it to you. You have to get up and get it yourself.”

A．if B．because

C．though D．until

随堂练习

随练1.1The earliest maps were probably drawn in the Middle East. Some of these maps have ____1____ and they show us the people at that time thought the earth flat (平的) . As time went by , the pictures became more detailed and maps were more ____2____ made . Later on , ancient Greeks(希腊人) used their ____3____ of math and science to make maps . Greek maps tell us the Greeks knew the world was ____4____ .

From simple pictures , map making has turned into a science . Maps are made ____5____ surveying(勘测) land . In the 1900s , people around the world started to share information to make ____6____ maps . With the help of the photographs taken from the sky and space , maps are now more exactly made than ever . ____7____ the world is always changing , we will always need new maps .

There are many types of maps , but almost all use ____8____ and pictures to describe what a place is like when the map is made . A．map usually tells what the pictures ____9____ . Some maps may show the whole world . A．road map will help you know the ____10____ from one place to another . Other maps may use pictures to show the temperature and population in different places .

随练 1.2Jane had two children to raise. She had to pay for the housing and ____1____ clothes. She had a lot of bills. She worked in a ____2____ every day and got $600 a week. Even when she was ____3____, she went to work.

Jane worked hard and did a great job. She depended on tips (小费) to help her get enough money to pay the bills.

One night, after Jane had served dinner to a family, ____4____ left a big tip on the table. It was

____5____. Jane was taking care of another family at their table. When she turned back, she found the money had been ____6____.

Jane saw a woman at another table staring at her when she ____7____ the restaurant. Jane went to ask her what food she wanted. She ____8____ just a sandwich. She did not leave a tip after eating and Jane heard that she paid with a $20 bill. Jane was sure the woman had stolen her ____9____, but she couldn’t prove (证明) it.

The next night, the ____10____ woman came into the restaurant. She gave Jane $50. She said, “I was so sorry I took your money last ____11____. I had a bad day. Someone stole my wallet. So I was angry. So I took your money. ____12____ that was not right. People should ____13____ good things. Not bad things. So I want you to take the money.”

“I’ll take the $20 but you keep the ____14____. I know you need it,” said Jane.

“You should have called the police,” the manager said to Jane.

Jane said, “No. We should forgive (原谅) when someone says ____15____ and wants to make it right. We should try to help each other.”

随练1.3Think before we speak!

It was a sunny and enjoyable day. Everyone in the ____1____ station was waiting for the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of young friends who were on board for vacation.

It was a ____2____ station with a lot of people and some juice shops, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shops, etc. The train was arriving and everyone prepared to ____3____ the train to their seats.

The group of friends made loud noise to ____4____ the train as it moved into the station. They ran to get their seats ____5____ anyone entered the train.

The empty seats were ____6____ and the train whished (鸣汽笛) to move. An old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends' group. The young boy was so ____7____ to see everything. He cheered," Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backward."

His father ____8____ and nodded his head.

As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed (尖叫) , "Dad, the ____9____ are green in color and run backward very fast. " His father said, “ Yes, dear," and smiled

Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great ____10____.

A．fruit seller passed selling apples, bananas and oranges. The young boy asked his dad, "I want to eat ____11____. " His father bought some for him. He said, "Oh, this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes. I love this color. " The group was watching all the ____12____ of this boy and asked the boy's father, "Is your son having any problem? Why is he behaving so____13____?"

" His son is mad, I think," a friend from the group made fun of him and shouted.

The father of the young boy, with patience, ____14____ the friends' group, “My son was born ____15____. Only a few days ago he was operated. He is seeing different things in his life for the first time."

The young friends became very quiet.

自我总结

课后作业

作业1There is an old saying: “Take the time to stop and smell the flowers.”

I think we should also take the time to ____1____ flowers.

My grandmother knew just ____2____ to do that. She grew flowers with earth, water and love, so her back garden was filled with beautiful flowers. She would smile when she saw the ____3____ shine down on them. In her front garden she planted flowers, ____4____. You could see red, white, and yellow flowers in it. My mom and I used to walk ____5____ them and enjoy their smells. Beautiful butterflies (蝴蝶) flew down on them. Grandma also cared for the wild flowers. She would send ____6____ and

my brother out to pick flowers and would then turn them into delicious wine (酒).

Grandma not only planted flowers in the gardens ____7____ also planted flowers in our hearts. Her delicious dinners made with love encouraged us. Her sweet smile always made us ____8____. Her hugs (拥抱) and kisses were the sunshine that kept our own love ____9____ day after day.

Take the time to plant a few flowers yourself today. Show your smiles, kindness and love. Plant your wishes, talents and pleasure. Make this ____10____ brighter and brighter with your sunshine.

作业2Brittany Amano wants to make sure every child in the US has enough to eat.

Brittany Amano, now 18, knew how it felt to go hungry. Her mother tried to find a ____1____ in Honolulu, Hawaii to support the family. Her grandmother helped out as much as she could. But the family ____2____ had to depend on a local food bank to live on, and for that she was ____3____.

When they lost their home, Amano’s family had to live in a friend’s basement （地下室）. “I could feel how hunger and homelessness____4____ my family.” Amano told a reporter from TFK. “The experience made me want to give ____5____ to others in the same situation.”

In fourth grade, she and some of her friends started a good project. They ____6____ $ 700 and collected 800 pounds of food. ____7____ twelve, Amano set up the un profit （非营利的）group Hawaii’s Future Isn’t Hungry. She hoped to raise $ 10,000 ____8____ she finished high school. She ended up raising more than $ 500,000 in four years.

With the ____9____ collected, the nonprofit group, now called The Future Isn’t Hungry, can offer fresh fruits, vegetables, and other ____10____ foods to school kids on Fridays. This is to make sure that the kids and ____11____ families have enough food to get them ____12____ the weekend. So far, the effort has helped more than 750,000 people.

In the fall of this year, Amano will ____13____ Duck University, in North Carolina on a full scholarship. After that, she plans to return to ____14____ the city that gave her so much. “It doesn’t matter if you help one million people ____15____ just one person,” she says. “The smallest action can make a huge difference.”

作业3In a far-away place, there was a village. The village was____1____ in

potatoes than anywhere else in the country. At the end of every growing season, ____2____ potatoes were dug out of the ground, and readied for market. In each home, men and women would____3____divide the potatoes into three groups, large, medium and small.

One year, there was a young man___ 4____received his share of the potatoes. As the other villagers____5____, he walked around the village laughing and talking.____6____villagers thought he was lazy, and they worried that this man would never get____7____potatoes ready in time. When it was time for the villagers____8____to market, they were greatly surprised to find that the man’s potatoes____9____ perfectly into three groups.

After ____10____the man how he did it, they understood he was not lazy, ____11____very clever. He had put all his potatoes in a cart and pulled it along the village’s rough dirt road. As the cart moved up and down over the road, the potatoes moved____12____. The small potatoes moved to the bottom, the larger potatoes rose to the top and the medium potatoes rested____13____ the middle.

Life____14____like this too. The rough roads we travel along can also____15____us.

作业4Things like Hula hoops（呼啦圈）used to be very popular. Did you ever own any of these? If you didn’t, don’t feel too bad. They were all fads. A．fad is something that becomes very____1____among a large number of people, but only for a short time. ____2____can become a fad very quickly, but can stop being popular just as quickly. ____3____it is no longer “cool,” a fad goes away. Anything can become a(n) ____4____-fashion, food, music, technology, even language .

In the late 1970s, Erno Rubik, a professor was looking for a____5____way to teach his students about 3D．objects. He ____6____ a six-color plastic object that would be called the Rubik’s Cube(魔方). The goal was to get each side of the cube a____7____color. It was very challenging. It took a few years for the toy to become popular, but then____8____, in 1982, it seemed everyone had one. People bought over a hundred million of the____9____.There were 50 books available that year offering solutions(解决办法). Then, just as suddenly as the craze (风尚) started, it____10____. By 1983, people were not interested in the Rubik’s Cube anymore, perhaps because so many people ____11____had one in their home.

In 2012, a South Korean musician named Psy released a song called “ Gangnam (江南) Style.” The music video shows Psy pretending (假装) to horse-ride while he is dancing. In six months, it became the first Youtube (一视频网站) video ever to reach a billion views (观看). Six months after that, ____12____ went on to reach two billion views. The song and video started a worldwide ____13____craze. “Gangnam Style” had a huge influence on world popular culture. U.S. President Barack Obama and U.K. Prime Minister David Cameron even ____14____ the dance. “Gangnam Style”

became less and less popular, ____15____the “Korean Wave” of culture remains popular all over the world.

答案解析

虚词

题模精选

题模一：介词

例1.1.1

【答案】C

【解析】考查了方向介词。into one’s heart表示“进入某人的心里”，表示方向，故选C。例1.1.2

【答案】B

【解析】考查学生方式介词。句意：孩子们制作了带有美国国旗星星和条纹的帽子。“带有……”用wit h。故选B。

题模二：连词

例1.2.1

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词。前半句“less traffic”和后半句“using white bikes”，可推知两者表示因果关系。故选B。

例1.2.2

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词。前半句“you can get anything you want”与后半句“you are willing to pay the price”是条件关系。用if连接，表示“如果”。其他选项不符合逻辑关系。故