词汇学 第三章
山西师范大学
现代文理学院英语1203班
授
课
教
案
课程名称：《现代英语词汇学概论》
授课教师：游海清张怡
刘敏张斌
构词法教案
课题： WORD-FORMATION(I)
授课教师：游海清
教材：现代英语词汇学概论
第 3 章第 1-4 节P 31 ～P 71
一、教学目标：
1、知识目标：a.了解构词法的一些基本知识和观点
b.明确合成法的定义
c.掌握合成法的分类
d.了解派生法及转化法的定义
e.熟练掌握派生法及转化法的分类
f.明确常见前后缀的词义
2、能力目标：a.提升学生记忆单词的能力
b.理解构成的新词的意义
c.扩大词汇量，提升阅读水平
二、教学重点：合成法派生法转化法
三、教学难点：转化法
四、教学方法：讲授法问答法 PPT演示练习法课堂讨论法
对比法
五、教具仪器：多媒体粉笔教案教材
六、授课提纲：
七、教学内容详析
第一节General remarks 第一步：
T:OK,class,let’s begin.
How many processes of word-formation do you know ?
Do you know differences between root,stem and base?
第二步：
A.percentage of new words
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b214215308.html,pounding or composition(about 27%)
B.Derivation or affixation(about 17.5%)
C.Conversion（about 10.5%）
A.initialisms and acronyms(about 9%)
B.Blending(about 6%)
C.Clipping(about 2%)
D.Words from proper names(about 2%)
E.Back formation(about 1%)
F.Reduplication(about 0.5%)
G.Neo-classical formations(about 4%)
H.Others (about 3%)
B.Some basic concepts of word-formation
1.The differences between “root”, “stem” and “base”?
Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology
Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
举例：
1）undesirables
= un + desire + able + s
Base:
desirable
→ desire (base)
undesirable
→ desirable (base)
undesirables
→ undesirable (base)
Base/词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
分析：
desirable: desire
(root or base, not stem)
undesirable: desirable
(base, not root, not stem)
undesirables: undesirable
(stem or base, not root)
desired: desire
(root, stem or base)
第三步：
1)denationalized
denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d
Root:
nation
Stem:
denationalize
Base:
national
→ nation
nationalize
→ national
denationalize
→ nationalize
denationalized
→ denationalize
2)Uncomfortable=un +comfort+able
Root: comfort
Stem:uncomfortable
Base:comfortable
第二节：Compounding
第一步：板书下列单词
1.noun compounds
Headache heartbeat crybaby
Pickpocket birthcontrol housekeeping
2.adjective compounds
Thunder-struck weather-beaten suntanned
Fault-finding peaceloving record-breaking
3.verb compounds
House-keep ghost-write aircondition mass-produce
第二步：
A.Definition
Compounding / composition: a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit.
e.g.
flowerpot= flower + pot
machine-independent
= machine + independent
The relative criteria of a compound 1) Orthographic criterion:
Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid,
hyphenated and open.
E.g. flowerpot
Solid: flowerpot
Hyphenated: flower-pot Open: flower pot
2) Phonological criterion:
C ompound accent: a main stress on the first element and
secondary stress on the second element.
Normal phrase accent: a secondary stress on the first
element and the main stress on the second element.
E.g.
black list
blackboard
blue bottle
3) Semantic criterion:
Semantically, compounds can be said to have a meaning which
may be related to but cannot always be inferred from the meaning
B.Classification
1)noun compounds
A.Subject and verb
B.verb and object
C.verb and adverbial
D.subject and object
E.restrictive relation
F.appositive relation
2)adjective compounds
A.subject and verb
B.verb and object
C.verb and adverbial
D.noun and adjective
E.coordinating relationship
3)verb compounds
A.back-formation
B.Conversion
第三步：
做P66-P67练习
第三节 Derivation
第一步：
T:OK,class,let’s begin.
Un-uncomfortable unimportant unclean unable unclear unknown Unlike uncertain
Im-impossible impatient impair impracticable impolite imbalance immoral impartial impassive imprison
Dis-dislike dismiss disclose disrupt disabuse disadvantage disable discharge display disagree
Er(or)-actor teacher doctor driver writer rider commander worker traveller collector farmer cooker baker stranger foreigner
Able-actionable companionable comfortable disable livable reliable accountable reasonable fashionable impressionable Ize-civilize symbolize realize naturalize socialize characterize revolutionize materialize
第二步：
A.definition:
Derivation / affixation: a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as a prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.
e.g.
recover
= re + cover
worker
= work + er
B.classification
(一)Prefixation: adding a prefix or combining form to the base.do not generally alter the word-class of the base.
1)classification of prefixes
1. negative prefixes （反意前缀）: un-, non-, in-(im-, il-, ir-), dis-, a-
2. reversative / privative prefixes（相反动作前缀）: un-, de-, dis-,
3. pejorative prefixes （贬义前缀）: mis-, mal-, pseudo-
4. prefixes of degree or size（等级与大小前缀）: arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, altra-, mini-
5. prefixes of attitude（态度取向前缀）: co-, counter-, anti-, pro-
6. locative prefixes（方位前缀）: super-, sub-, inter-, trans-
7. prefixes of time and order（时间顺序前缀）: for-, pre-, post-, ex-, re-
8. number prefixes（常用数字前缀）: uni-/mono-, bi-/di-, tri, multi-/poly-
9. miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, proto-, semi-, vice- 1.
2)brief description of some productive prefixes in current English
1. ant- / anti-
Anti-Japanese War
抗日战争
ant- / anti-: unlike tradition
2.de-
A.to undo or reverse .
Eg: decentralize decolonize denationalize
B.to remove
Eg: defog debug delocalize denuclearize
3.mini-
A.very smll size,duration,or importance
Eg: minibus minibike minicab minipark
B.short
Eg: minidress miniskirt minicoat minisuit
4.un-
A.not,the opposite of
Eg: unkind unsee unbending
B.reverse the action
Eg: unpack untie
C.release from or to deprive of
Eg: unleash unhorse
（二）Suffixation: suffixation is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or a combining form to the base, and usually changing the word-class of the base.
1)classification of suffixes
1.noun suffixes：
2.Verb suffixes:
3.Adjective suffixes:
4.Adverb suffixes:
2)brief description of some productive suffixes in current English.
1.-able
2.-er(or)
3.-in
4.-ish
5.-ize
6.-y
3)differentiating suffixes
Eg:-ic and -ical
第三步：引导学生口头总结
第四节conversion
第一步：绕口令
1.never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you
2.Can you can a can as a canner can can a can 你能像罐头工人那样把罐头装进罐头盒子里吗?
3.I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish,but if you wish the wish the witch wishes,i won’t Wish the wish you wish to wish 我愿许你所许,若你的愿望太过虚幻不切实际,我就不会许你所许（我就不会和你一起天真的去幻想了
第二步：
A.introductory remarks
1 )Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of
a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.
functional shift:
concerned with usage only not with word-formation derivation by zero suffix:
long and cumbersome; clarify only something minor, not crucial
2）conversion as a result of the almost entire loss of inflection in modern English.
B.tapes of conversion
1.noun→verb conversion
(a) to put in/on N.
The workers canned apples.
put apples in cans
This room was floored with titles.
cage birds
The question certainly cornered me.
He pocketed his wallet.
(b) to give / provide N.
They sheltered the orphans.
give shelter to the orphans
pills coated with sugar
sugared pills
The bottle is labeled poison.
The child rose from the ground plastered over with yellow clay.
(c) to remove N.
Bill weeded the garden.
cut off weeds in the garden
core an apple
peel an orange
dust a cap
(d) to do sth. with N.
John braked the car.
stopped the car with a brake
screw the two pieces together
elbow one’s way through the crowd
(e) to act as N.
She mothered the orphan. (human n.)
looked after the orphan like a mother
Tom parroted what the boss had said. (animal n.)
repeat sth. like a parrot
The police shadowed the suspected spy. ( inanimate n.) follow the spy closely like a shadow
(f) to make / change sth. into N.
(g) to send sth. / go by N.
(h)to spend the period of time denoted by N.
2.verb→noun conversion
(a) He had a desire to be a scientist.
desired to be a…
state of mind / sensation
(b) His usual morning commute to work
an act of commuting event /activity
dynamic verbs
This kind of nouns usually occur following verbs like give, have, make, or take, and are preceded by the indefinite article.
(c) This little restaurant is quite a find.
sth. found, esp. sth. valuable or pleasing
object or result of v.
(d) He is a great bore.
He is a person who bores everyone.
agent of v.
(e) The cloth is a good cover for the table.
I covered the table with a cloth.
instrument of v.
3.adjective→verb conversion
(a) pale, slim, sour
to become the adj.
(b) free, warm, smooth
to cause sb. / sth. to become the adj.
4.adjective→noun conversion
(a) Partial conversion
the poor
the Scotch / the Japanese
the rough
the latest / his best
the accused
(b) Complete conversion
He is a natural for the job.
Tom is one of our regulars.
5.Other conversions
第三步：布置作业
八、预期效果
学生能熟练运用合成法、派生法、转化法以及掌握由三大构词法构成的新词的意义。
九、教学反思
词汇学论文
目录 1. 图式与图式理论.........................................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。 1.1 图式 (1) 1.2 图式理论的定义.................................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 1.3 图式理论的起源与发展...................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2. 词汇 (2) 2.1 词汇的定义 (2) 2.2 词汇在英语教学中的重要性 (2) 3. 图式理论下的课堂词汇教学方法 (2) 3.1 当前初中英语课堂词汇教学现状 (3) 3.2 运用直观导入 (3) 3.3 设计brainstorming活动 (3) 3.4 创设真实情境 (4) 4. 结论 (4) 5. 参考文献 (4)
图式理论下的初中英语课堂词汇教学 摘要 词汇是英语这门语言的三要素（语音、词汇、语法）之一。美国著名教育家威尔金斯（Wilkins)在《语言学与语言教学》中提出: without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ”词汇对语言学习的重要性是显而易见的。语言离不开词汇，交流更离不开词汇。然而，现在的初中英语课堂词汇教学存在一些不容忽视的问题，例如：词汇教学太过于枯燥呆板，学生没有兴趣学习。本文就现在中学课堂词汇教学问题出发，利用图式理论，创造积极活跃的课堂气氛，使学生更容易，更牢固的掌握习得词汇。 关键词：词汇教学图式理论初中英语 Abstract V ocabulary is the one of three factors ( phonetics、vocabulary、grammar) of English. The famous American educationist Wilkins once have put forward in Linguistic and Language Teaching :“ without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ” W e can know the importance of vocabulary in language learning from this. Language learning can not separate with vocabulary, communication also can not. While there are some serious problem exist in the vocabulary teaching of medium school, such as: the vocabulary teaching is so bald, and there is not kinds of way to learn word, so students are not interested in learning vocabulary. This text is based on the problem, which exist in vocabulary teaching in medium school, using the Schema Theory to make a positive class and make students to learn vocabulary easier and more vicelike. Key words : vocabulary teaching Schema Theory junior English
大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
词汇学复习整理
Chapter 1 LEXICOLOGY: Lexicology is the science of words, which is concerned with the study of vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, the origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words. Chapter 2 1.The history of English language History of English language can be divided into Old English(450AD-1150AD), Middle English (1150AD-1500AD), and Modern English (1500AD-present). 2.Classification of English words English words can be divided into different groups in terms of the origin, the level of usage and the notion. By origin Native words (Anglo-Saxon/ old English) Loan words (borrowed) By level of usage: 5 categories Standard/ popular word/ common words Literary words Colloquial words Slang words Technical words By notion Content words: They have the independent lexical meaning, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, adverb. Function words: They are determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries, and grammatical signals, functional makers. Pick up the slang words and explain. 1.Father said nix to our plan, so we couldn’t go to the museum. (nothing, no) 2.When the buck leads, the world suffers. (money, dollars) 3.He says he’ll be a great writer but that’s a lot of boloney; he’ll never be. (nonsense) 4.I’ll clobber you if you don’t do what you’re told, said the angry father. (beat sb. repeatedly) 5.I think I’m just a hick at heart. (a foolish person from the country) 6.He thought his idea was wonderful, but in fact, it was complete rot. (nonsense) Chapter 3 Compounding: refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words, e.g. schoolboy. Derivation: derivation is "Used to form new words, as with happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or determination from determine. Conversion: the creation of word from an existing word without any change in form, e.g. the adjective clean becomes the verb clean.
2012 英语词汇学论文 英文版
成绩 Root and Affixation of Lexicology Abstract: It’s important and permanent to master the vocabulary in the English learning. Everyone who has ever set foot on English realizes that it’s somewhat incredible for us to reciting numerous and difficult words. Nevertheless, there are some skills we should acquire to make word-recitation easier and more effective. This paper mainly discusses the using of vocabulary root and affix. Only by having a good knowledge of the roots and affixes, can we prosper our English vocabulary and further our English study. Key words: root; affixation; detailed analysis; difficult words 1Introduction: Blindly reciting numerous and difficult words is a total waste of time and energy. Especially, situation becomes worse for the college students with little words storage and non-interest. However, most of the English words are comprised with roots and affixes, which are limited, stable and short. If we acquire them, it will be much simpler and rapider for us to recognize the unfamiliar and difficult words through the analysis on roots and affixes. If we can master and know how to use them properly, it will be a big step for the further study of this foreign language. A road of a thousand miles begins with each single step, so does the English words. Now we are going to learn the root and affixation respectively. Definition is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity and it carries the main component of meaning in a word. By learning the roots, we will find it not complicated for us to understand the long and difficult words which we often encounter in the tough reading test. However long and tough the word is, we can divide it into several parts, the fundamental part is the root and then we can understand what it means and fluently blurt it out without repeating it. Here are some detail analyses of the examples: Internationalist: nation is the root which means country or state, inter- is prefix meaning between or interactive, -al is the suffix and the –ist is the suffix meaning the person. So you will quite simply find its meaning. Invigorate: the root is vigor similar to power and energy, in- means making sth have the function of verb, here is make sth vigor, -ate is the verb suffix. So invigorate is to make sth vigorous. Antecedent: -ced- is the root referring to motion or going forward, ante- is before, and –ent means somebody. So antecedent is somebody who moves ahead of us, the same as forefather or ancestor. Protract: -tract is the root like pulling sth or extending sth make it wider or longer, pro- is the prefix meaning “ahead”. After analyzing this word, we know that “protract” is similar to prolong meaning make sth longer or longer to live. A lot of words contain this root, such as detract, extract, subtract, attract, tractable, intractable, etc. Arbitrariness: arbitrary is the root indicating to randomness or out of order, -ness is the noun suffix. The profound meaning of learning roots is that you will find it much easy to memorize words because there are so many word share the same root. No matter how long and hoe difficult the word is, the basic meaning of the word is stable and unchangeable. If we recite words according the
最新英语词汇学期末复习资料资料
1、选择题（2 ×15=30） 2、填空题（2×5=10 ） 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分) 选择题： 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.360docs.net/doc/b214215308.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
词汇学论文
题目: Semantic Change of English Words 学期2011/2012学年第一学期 科目英语词汇学 班级 学号 姓名
摘要 语言作为人类表达思想和交流的工具随着人类社会的发展不断变化，在语言诸多要素中，词汇的变化是最快、最显著，这表现在新词的产生和旧词的消亡、借用外来词和旧词添新义。 本文首先介绍了词义变化的定义，然后介绍词义变化的历史原因和社会原因，最后介绍了词义变化的方式，同时主要通过介绍委婉语的词义变化，通过列举具体事例更好的了解词义变化的方式，使英语学习者能在日后的学习中，更好的了解英语词汇的意思并且正确的使用英语词汇，使英语学习更上一层楼。 关键词：语言；词义变化；委婉语；英语学习 Introduction Languages are not confined in a fixed state, instead, they are not only constantly changing but also changes quickly. The most noticing change in the process of language development is the sematic change of words. Semantic change is a change in one of the meanings of a word. Every word has a variety of senses and connotations which can be added, removed, or altered over time, often to the extent that cognates across space and time have very different meanings. Why the meaning of a word changed? Changes of meaning can be brought about by many cause. There are three major causes. Historically,changes of lexical meaning can be illustrated by a diachronic development of words. Although objects, conceptions, ideals, etc. change at course of time, but the meaning changes, because the object which it describe has changed. Socially, it is natural that in the course of the development of society a number of new words are needed to describe new ideas. Scientific discoveries are a main kind of social cause. Psychologically, the speaker's state of mind may bring about semantic changes. (Feng shimei, P163-165) In fact, we can see clearly from the euphemism to types of semantic changes. Euphemism is substitution of a word of more pleasant connotation for one of unpleasant connotation or avoided taboos. It is an important social cause of semantic changes. It is also the reflection of semantic change. According to different semantic books, semantic change can be divided into many types. But types of semantic change generally can be divided into four types. 1.Generalization, for instance, alibi. A legal term signifying 'plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed', has now come into common use, meaning any 'excuse'. 2.Specialization, for instance, barbarian was originally a vague designation for a 'foreigner of any kind', and later was specialized to mean an 'uncivilized person'. 3.Elevation, for instance, Chamberlain, now a 'high official of royal courts', was formerly a 'servant'. 4.Degeneration,for instance, cunning was originally 'knowing and skillful', and later was specialized to 'sly'.
英语词汇学期末论文
英语词汇学期末论文 题目：浅析英语词汇巧记法 专业：英语 班级：13级3班 学号：201313010309 姓名：黄旷静 完成时间：2015年1月14号
浅析英语词汇巧记法 摘要：词汇是英语学习的基础，没有足够的词汇量就不可能高水平的掌握英语这门外语，而浩瀚的词汇海洋让很多人望而生畏。尽管花费了大量时间精力去背，记忆的效果却差强人意，原因就在于没有使用科学的方法记忆词汇。其实，世间万物都是有规律性的，英语单词的组词与构词方法也有规律，了解了它的规律有利于我们有效甚至高效学习英语单词。为了提高单词记忆的效率，本文从不同方面介绍几种记忆方法。 关键词：词汇科学记忆规律效率 一．读音记忆法 1.拼读法 英语是拼音文字，英语中的单词的读音大多是有规律的，熟悉字母及字母组合的发音规则，掌握正确的拼法与读音之间的关系，可以根据单词的读音，降低记忆难度，正确地拼写单词。 例如ay读[ei]。带有ay字母组合的词，如say，day，way，pay，may，play，spray，不仅发音容易，而且拼写也没有任何困难。Sh ch tion ture 等也都有固定读音，ee发音为i: culture 文化pasture牧场mature 成熟的architecture 建筑学带有true的单词也都能很方便的记忆下来
2.谐音法 尽管有些人认为用这种谐音记忆法记忆单词不科学，不利于正确掌握发音，但实践证明，对尚未掌握外语的构词特点和记词规律的初学者来说，采用谐音法记单词确实能有效地记住一部分难记的单词。但是，在用谐音法记单词时需要特别注意，绝不可将其作为模仿发音的依据，只能作为记忆单词时的谐音联想手段，以加强记忆，而必须按照单词的标准发音去读记，以避免这种记词法干扰正确发音。用谐音法记单词是，根据外语单词的读音到中文中寻找与其读音相似的谐音，寻找到谐音与单词的联系。用这种方法甚至可能达到终身不忘，这也正是谐音记忆法的绝妙之处。 例如：mouth嘴[联想：说话“冒失”的就是嘴] think想[联想：想时要“深刻”] 二．联想法 1.拆分联想 科学研究表明：联想是记忆的基础。世界著名的生理学家巴甫洛夫指出："记忆要依靠联想，而联想则是新旧知识建立联系的产物。”联想法是联想记忆的进一步运用和发展。它是指学习者展开积极丰富的想象力，使所要记忆的知识生动、形象化，通过联想在新旧知识(如英语熟词词义与生词词义)之间建立起一种联系，从而达到以旧带新、快速记忆的目的。
词汇学题目
英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1） I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang 10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new
自考英语词汇学部分章节重点归纳EnglishLexicology
《英语词汇学》（课程代码：00832）试卷结构 Chapter 5 Word Meaning(词的意义) Reference(所指关系) is the relationship between language and the world. Concept(概念)，which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition n.认识；知识；认识能力, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. Sense(语义)denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference) Motivation (词义理据)account for the connection between the linguistic(word) symbol and its meaning. Onomatopoeic motivation(拟声理据) words were created by imitating the nature sounds or noises. Morphological motivation(形态理据)compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. 很多合成词和派生词都是这类， Semantic motivation(语义理据)refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.( 由字面义派生出来的引申 义) Etymological motivation (词源理据) the meaning of many words often relate words the history of the word explain the meaning of the word. associative meaning 关联意义 Lexical meaning 词汇意义 Types of Meaning conceptual /denotative meaning 词义的分类概念意义 Grammatical meaning 语法意义directly to their origins. In other connotative meaning 内涵意义 stylistic meaning 文体意义 affective meaning 感情意义 collocative meaning 搭配意义 Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships. Conceptual meaning also known as denotative meaning( 外延意义 ), is the meaning given in the dictionary and
词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)
名词解释（10选5，一个4分） 词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word. 词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. 一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. 同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation) 完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning. 同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning. 同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning. 同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words. 反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.