中考英语阅读理解之猜词答题技巧(含相应练习)

中考阅读理解之猜词解题技巧（含相应练习）

中英语阅读占的比重很大，在阅读的时候，学生往往会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧。总结：

1定义法 2 举例法 3 对比法 4 因果法

5 重述法

6 生活经验

7 构词法 8上下文语境

一．中考英语对阅读理解的要求：

1)．能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。

2)．能获取文章的具体信息。

3)．能理解文章中的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判断。

4)．能理解归纳文章的主旨要义，能为文章选定合适的题目。

5)．能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。

6)．能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点及意图。

二．常见猜词题的设问方式：

1. The underlined word is closest in meaning to the word…?

2. We can learn from the underlined part… that…

3. The underlined word “it” in paragraph… refers to …

4. By saying…, the author means to say that…

5. What does the underlined word “......” mean in Chinese?

三．猜测词义的方法：

1. Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。

信号词：be, means, refers to, be called, 定语从句

The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood.

A 少儿期

B 幼儿期

C 青春期

D 成人期

The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.

We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.

2. 举例法：

信号词： such as, like, for example

On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. The word “poultry” means _____.

A.猎物

B.家禽

C.饲料

D.牲畜

You can take any of the periodicals: Crazy English, Reader, Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.

Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.

3. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。

信号词：as, like, unlike, but，however, while, on the contrary，otherwise

Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.

1.Twelve－year－old Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate．

A. pretty

B. calm

C. protective

D. energetic

2.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

A. on time

B. late

C. slowly

D. quickly

3.In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.

A. 便士

B. 温饱

C. 非常贫困

D. 虚弱

4.Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.

A.多嘴多舌的

B. 寡言的

C.沉默的

D. 可爱的

Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.

A. repeated

B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick

4、因果法从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。

That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

A. very large B crowed C noisy D good

She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.

A. 心不在焉的

B.紧张的

C.全神贯注的

D. 睡意浓的

She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.

A.修剪

B.梳理

C. 清洗

D. 装饰

One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.

He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.

The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的）.

5. 重述法

信号词：or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.

In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields. It will be very hard but also very brittle－that is, it will break easily.

A easily broken

B soft inside

C very hard

D expensive

All whales consist of two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong

to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.

6. 生活经验

Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。

在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

After inventing dynamite, Nobel became a very rich man.

A powerful explosive

B light

C engine

D electricity

7. Word Formation 构词法：

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。

常用前缀 dis- in- mis- un- non-

其它前缀 re- under-低于 mini- over- 过度 super-

常用后缀 -able 能…的 -less 不，无 -wards 向

Can you guess the right meanings?

superman microwave

overwork mispronounce

homeless nonsmoker

rebuild eastwards

We must safeguard the world peace.

A. protect B care or custody

C prevent

D to keep safe with a burglar-alarm

8. 上下文语境

The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.

A. work

B. study

C. name

D. Interest

He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.

A. see clearly

B. understand

C. expect

总结：

1定义法 2 举例法 3 对比法 4 因果法

5 重述法

6 生活经验

7 构词法 8上下文语境