2011年上半年 英语语言学复习资料
part one
for this part, put your response (the corresponding letter) on the answer card.
i. multiple choice (30%, 1 point each, 40 minutes)
choose the best answer to each of the following items.
1. which of the following words is not a coined word?
a. dacron
b. kodak
c. xerox
d. gym
2. “up you go, chaps!” belongs to ____ language.
a. intimate
b. frozen
c. consultative
d. casual
3. the linguist that distinguishes three social variables (field, mode, tenor) that
determine the register is ____.
a. chomsky
b. halliday
c. bloomfield
d. firth
4. the great wall belongs to ____ culture.
a. material
b. spiritual
c. folk
d. none of the above
5. language acquisition refers to the child?s acquisition of his ____.
a. first language
b. second language
c. foreign language
d. target language
6. the first consonants the child can make are made with the lips ａnd they are ____.
a. [p, b, n]
b. [p, b, m]
c. [t, d, n]
d. [t, d, m]
7. if the child calls all men “daddy”, then we may say the child has ____ the meaning
of the word “daddy”.
a. overgeneralized
b. overextended
c. overused
d. overstressed
8. the nativist view of language acquisition is held by ____.
a. bloomfield
b. chomsky
c. saussure
d. skinners
9. instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of ____.
a. pronunciation
b. syntax
c. vocabulary
d. all of the above
10. which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization?
a. jane told me to give up smoking.
b. jane asked me to give up smoking.
c. jane advised me to give up smoking.
d. jane suggested me to give up smoking.
11. a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said,
therefore a linguist would not prefer to be a(n) ____ of facts.
a.observer
b. decider
c. analyser
d. recorder
12. the design features of human language include the following features except____.
a. duality of structure
b. genetic inheritance
c. arbitrariness
d. displacement
13. which of the following is a front, close ａnd unrounded vowel?
a.[u:]
b. [i]
c. [u]
d.[a:]
14. which of the following forms a minimal pair?
a.fear, pear
b. tip, pit
c. food, foot
d. bill, mill
15. which of the following underlined parts is an inflectional morpheme?
a. reads
b. replace
c. creative
d. sleepy
16. which of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme?
a. relationship
b. bedroom
c. policeman
d. childlike
17. which of the following word does not belong to the open classes?
a. like
b. act
c. a
d. quickly
18. the word reliability consists of _____ morphemes.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
19. which of the following is the head of the phrase …often do the work??
a. often
b. do
c. the
d. work
20. the words “term” ａnd “semester” are ______ synonyms.
a. near
b. dialectal
c. collocationally-restricted
d. stylistic
21. the words “long” ａnd “short” are ______ opposites.
a. gradable
b. ungradable
c. relational
d. complementary
22. which of the following is th e correct componential analysis of the word “milk”?
a.[+drinks-liquid-countable]
b.[+food-solid+countable]
c.[+food+solid+countable]
d.[+drinks+liquid-countable]
23. “it?s cold.” is a _____-place predication.
a. no
b. one
c. two
d. three
24. which of the following best describes the relations between “he paid a visit to
japan.” ａnd “he paid a visit to east asia.”?
a. the former is synonymous with the latter.
b. the former is inconsistent with the latter.
c. the former entails the latter.
d. the former presupposes the latter.
25. which of the following best describes the relatio ns between “alice?s brother is in
uk.” ａnd “alice has a brother.”?
a. the former is synonymous with the latter.
b. the former is inconsistent with the latter.
c. the former entails the latter.
d. the former presupposes the latter.
26. the relation betwee n …furniture? ａnd …chair? is ___.
a. homophony
b. homography
c. hyponymy
d. polysemy
27. …father? ａnd …daughter? are ___.
a. gradable antonyms
b. ungradable opposites
c. relational opposites
d. complementary synonyms
28. which of the following is a representative?
a. you?d better go to see a doctor.
b. i promise to buy you something when i come back.
c. i now ｄeclare the meeting close.
d. i have never seen the man befor
e.
29. which of the following is a commissive?
a. i?m really sorry to hear that.
b. i will bring you the book tomorrow without fail.
c. you?d better go ａnd see her.
d. i now ｄeclare the meeting open.
30. the word “mike” is a(n) ____.
a.acronym
b. blend
c. clipped word
d. coined word
ii. true ｏr false (30%, 2 points each, 25 minutes)
decide whether the following statements are true ｏr false (‘a’ for true, ａnd ‘b’ for false).
31. english is a tone language while chinese is an intonation language.
32. utterance meaning is context-independent.
33. standard dialect was ｏriginally a kind of regional dialect.
34. linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different
situations.
35. a behaviorist?s view of language acquisition holds that language learning is
different ｆrom the learning of other skills.
34. bbc is an example of clipping.
35. language is primarily written.
36. broad transcriptions are used in dictionaries.
37. bound morphemes cannot occur “unattached”.
40. the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.
41. “he is easy to please” has the same deep structure as “he is eager to please.”
42. according to palmer, there are no real synonyms in a language.
43. a meaningful sentence means that the sentence is syntactically well-formed.
44. sentence meaning is richer than utterance meaning.
45. two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play ａnd
language switching occurs when the situation changes. this is referred to as the situation of bilingualism.
part two
for this part, put your response on the answer sheet.
ⅲ. term explanation: explain the term given (10%, 10 minutes)
1.phoneme
2.allophone
3.assimilation
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b5683104.html,ponential analysis
iv. short answer question (10%, 20 minutes)
give a brief answer to the following question, with examples to illustrate the point if possible.
1. what is displacement?
2. what is double articulation?
3. what is arbitrariness?
4. what is cultural transmission?
v. linguistic analysis (20%, 25 minutes)
analyze the following dialogue by applying the speech act theory:
1. a: (walking out of a book store beside b who is carrying a pack of books.)
b: these books are very heavy.
2. a: (riding a bike home ａnd meeting b.)
b: you are riding a bike.
3. a: (eating chocolate.)
b: you are eating something.
4. a: (complaining endlessly.)
b: how i wish it is quiet here.
key to part one:
i. multiple choice (30%, 1 point each) 1—5 dabaa
6—10 bbbdd
11—15 bbbda
16—20 acbbb
21—25 adacd
26—30 ccdbc
ii. true ｏr false (30%, 2 points each) 31—35 bbaab
36—40 bbaab
41—45 babba
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英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt. D. and the details are acquired by instinct 4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phone B. allophone C. phoneme D. sound 5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme. A. derivational B. inflectional C. free D. word-forming 6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative. A. obligatory B. optional C. selectional D. arbitrary 7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________. A. Grice B. Plato C. Saussure D. Ogden and Richards 8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.” A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called _______, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A. utterance B. reference C. predication D. morpheme 10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something. A. a perlocutionary act B. a locutionary act
英语语言学概论期末复习【通用】.docx
第一章绪论 1.1什么是语言 1.2语言的性质 （1）语言具有系统性（systematic） （2）语言是一个符号系统 语言符号是一种象征符号。 （3）语言符号的任意性（arbitrariness）与理据性（motivation） （4）口头性 （5）语言是人类特有的 （6）语言是用于交际的 寒暄交谈（phatic communion）马林诺夫斯基提出的，认为语言除了用于表达思想、交流感情外，还可以用语言营造一种气氛或保持社会接触。这种不用于表达思想、交流感情的语言使用，叫寒暄交谈。 1.3语言的起源 1.4语言的分类 1.4.1系属分类（Genetic Classification） 历史比较语言学通过比较各种语言在不同时期语音、词性、曲折变化、语法结构上的相同特点来建立语言族系。 将语言分为语系（family）——语族（group）——语支（branch）——语言 英语、德语属印欧语系日耳曼语族西日耳曼语支。法语属印欧语系罗曼语族中罗曼语支。 汉语属汉藏语系汉语族。 1.4.2 类型分类（Typological Classifacation） 根据词的结构类型，可分为 （1）孤立语（isolating language）又叫词根语，一个词代表一个意思，缺少形态变化，语序和虚词是表达语法意义的主要手段。汉语是典型的孤立语。 （2）粘着语（agglutinative language）简单词组成复合词，而词性和意义不变。在词根前、中、后粘贴不同的词缀实现语法功能。日语、韩语、土耳其语是典型的黏着语。 （3）屈折语（inflectional language）词形变化表语法关系的语言。英语是不太典型的屈折语。 （4）多式综合语（polysynthesis language）把主、宾和其它语法项结合到动词词干上以构成一个单独的词，但表达一个句子的意思。因纽特语是典型的多式综合语。 根据句子的语序类型，可分为SVO、SOV、OSV、OVS等 1.5语言的功能 1.5.1 一般功能 1.5.2元功能（metafunction） 1.6什么是语言学（linguistics）
英语语言文学专业基础
英语语言文学专业基础 本科目包括英语语言学基础、英美文学基础知识、英语国家概况、英汉互译四部分内容，总分150分，其中英语语言学基础15分，英美文学基础知识70分，英语国家概况15分，英汉互译50分。 I、英语语言学基础（15分） 一、考试要求和内容 该部分主要考查普通语言学的基本概念和基本理论。 二、考试题型 填空题、选择题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《新编简明英语语言学教程》，戴炜栋、何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社，2002。 II、英美文学基础知识（70分） 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对有关英美文学的基本概念、主要流派、基础知识的理解和掌握情况，以及运用所学的基础理论知识分析、评论简单的文学文本。 二、考试内容 1、英国文学部分 1）古英语诗歌的形成、发展及主要文本。 2）英国中世纪文学的形成和发展、主要诗人及其作品。 3）英国文艺复兴时期的文学：“文艺复兴”产生的历史背景、定义及其主要特征、对英国文学的影响、主要作家及其作品。 4）新古典主义时期（十八世纪）英国文学：启蒙运动形成的原因、启蒙运动的定义、特征及其对英国文学的影响、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 5）浪漫主义时期（十九世纪早期）英国文学：英国浪漫主义文学形成的历史背景、浪漫主义诗歌的主要作家及其作品、浪漫主义小说的主要作家及其作家品、浪漫主义散文的主要作家及其作品。 6）维多利亚时期（十九世纪中后期）英国文学：英国现实主义文学形成发展的历史背景、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 7）现代时期（二十世纪）英国文学：英国现代主义文学形成的历史背景、现代主义文学的主要流派、这一时期主要作家及其作品。 2、美国文学部分 1）早期的美国文学：清教主义文学形成与发展、早期美国文学的主要作家及其作品。 2）浪漫主义时期的美国文学：早期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品、超验主义时期的主要作家几作品、后期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品。 3）现实主义时期的美国文学：美国现实主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、美国现实主义文学与自然主义文学的异同、这一时期主要的作家及作品。 4）现代时期的美国文学：美国现代主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、战后美国文学的形成与发展、现代时期美国文学的主要作家及作品。 三、考试题型 填空题、单项选择题、匹配题、名词解释题、文本分析题。 四、参考书 《英国文学简史》（新增订本），刘炳善，河南人民出版社，2007； 《美国文学简史》（第2版），常耀信，南开大学出版社，2003 III、英语国家概况（15分） 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对英美国家的地理、历史、政治、文化、社会习俗、宗教群体、价值观念以及该国人民的思想态度和生活方式的掌握情况。 二、考试题型 填空题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《英美概况》（上、下册），张奎武主编，吉林科学技术出版社，2003 IV、英汉互译（50分）
英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.doc
英语语言学一、名词解释 第一课 共时性 : Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical“point\A kind”inoftimedescription. which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind. 语言 : The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. : Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. 任意性 : One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课 音位 : Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 音位变体 : The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. pair 最小对立体 : When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 第三课 形态学 : Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed . morphemes派生词素: Some morphemes which change the category or grammatical class of words are ca lled morphemes 曲折词素 : Some bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical markers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. 第四课 语法句法: A branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. categories 句法范畴 : Words can be grouped together into a relatively small number of classes, called syntactic categories. structure 深层结构 : Formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ s subcategorizationrties,iscalledprope deep structure or D- structure. structure 表层结构 : Corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called Surface structure or S- structure. 第五课 指称 : Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. 同音异义 : Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, . different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. 上下义关系 : Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. 第六课 语用学 : Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 话语 : a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication. meaning 话语意义 : Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. act 言外行为 : An illocutionary act is the act expressing the speaker it is the’acts performedintention; in saying something.