(完整版)初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

(完整版)初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)
(完整版)初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

动词概述

一、实义动词

■①及物动词与不及物动词

根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词。Vt. vi .

They study hard.

I know them well.

注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如:

She sings very well.

She sang an English song just now.

英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,____不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?

She began working as a librarian after she left school.

When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.

短语:

■②动态动词和静态动词

动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。

■③延续性动词和非延续性动词

根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。

注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:[译]他离开这里三天了。

[误]He has left here for three days.

[正]He has been away from here for three days.

[正]He left here three days ago.

[正]It’s three days since he left.

■④限定动词与非限定动词

限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,也叫非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变化。

The room needs cleaning.

二、连系动词

系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词,接的是形容词。

Be:

He is a teacher.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)I am fine.

2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如:

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3、表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.

4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.

5、become, grow, turn, fall(asleep), get, go, come, run.

He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.

6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. (turn out表终止性结果)7.使役动词:let,have,make 使,让…

Let /make somebody do sth

The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.

Make sb/sth adj.

The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.

Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事

Have sth done 让某物被做

My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.

有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词,又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同,词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如:

Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(l ook用作实义动词)

He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)

They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)

They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词,帮助构成现在进行时)

三、助动词

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,例如:He doesn't like English.(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were),have(has, had, having),d o(did,does).

*d o(d oes, did) 的用法

(1)构成疑问句或否定句

(How) did you know ? He does not smoke.

(2)加强语气。

He did tell that.

Do come and see us.

(3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。

-You like popular music, d on't you? -Yes , I do.

He speaks French as fluently as she does.

(4)用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.

Only then did I understand the importance of English.

(5)构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.

Do not hesitate to come for help.

情态动词

Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,would,need,dear,have to, ought to

. 1. Mr Wang ____ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? --No, you ______.

A. needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. don’t

D. may not

3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?

--Sorry, I can’t. I ____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

A. can

B. may

C. would

D. have to

4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you _____ be back by 11 o’clock.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.

A. needn’t be thrown

B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw

D. may not throw

6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?

--No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. couldn’t

D. needn’t

7. -Where is Jack, please ? --He ____ be in the reading room.

A. can

B. need

C. would

D. must

A. musn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?

--Sure, but you _____ help me with my housework first.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. could

9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _____ speak it after calss.

A. could

B. didn’t have to

C. might

D. shouldn’t

10. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it.

A. must

B. can

C. will

D. may

11. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it _____ be very difficult.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

12. It’s still early. You ______.

A.mustn’t hurry

B. wouldn’t hurry

C. may not hurry

D. don’t have to hurry

13. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.

A. can’t

B. couldn’t

C. may not

D. might not

14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _______.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

15. ___ I know your name?

A. May

B. Will

C. Shall

D. Must

16. I _____ like to know where you were born.

A. shall

B. should

C. do

D. may

17. ______ you be happy!

A. Might

B. Must

C. Wish

D. May

CADCB CACBD CDACA CDCDA CA

人教版初中英语单词大全

初中英语词汇表 备注:n 名词v 动词adj形容词adv 副词prep介词conj连词 phr.短语num数词pron 代名词第一册 1 what [hw?t] pron 什么 2 is [iz] v 是 3 what's [hw?ts] what is 的缩写形式 4 your [ju?] pron 你的,你们的 5 name [neim] n 名字 6 my [mai] pron 我的 7 I [ai] pron 我 8 am [?m] v 是 9 I'm [aim] I am 的缩写形式 10 in [in] prep 在...里(内,上) 11 row [r?u] n (一)排,(一)行 12 one [w?n] num 一 13 number ['n?mb?] n 数字,号码 14 two [tu:] num 二 15 too [tu:] adv 也 16 three [θri:] num 三 17 are [ɑ:] v 是 18 you [ju:] pron 你,你们 19 yes [jes] adv 是 20 four [f?:] num 四 21 five [faiv] num 五 22 no [n?u] adv & adj 不,不是 23 not [n?t] adv 不 24 hi [hai] int 喂(问候或唤起注意) 25 class [klɑ:s] n (学校里的)班级,年级 26 grade [greid] n 年级 27 six [siks] num 六 28 seven ['sevn] num 七29 eight [eit] num 八 30 nine [nain] num 九 31 ten [ten] num 十 32 zero ['zi?r?u] num & n 零 33 plus [pl?s] prep 加,加上 34 it [it] pron 它 35 It's [its] it is 的缩写形式 36 how [hau] adv (指程度)多少,怎样 37 old [?uld] adj ...岁的,老的 38 eleven [i'levn] num 十一 39 twelve [twelv] num 十二 40 minus ['main?s] prep减,减去 41 thirteen ['θ?:ti:n] num 十三 42 fourteen ['f?:'ti:n] num 十四 43 fifteen ['fif'ti:n] num 十五 44 hello [h?'l?u] int喂(问候或唤起注意) 45 please [pli:z] int 请 46 can [k?n] v.aux 能,可以,会 47 spell [spel] v 拼写 48 that [e?t] pron 那,那个 49 secret ['si:krit] n 秘密 50 this [eis] pron 这,这个 51 in [in] prep 用...(表达) 52 English ['i?gli?] n & adj 英语,英国人 53 in English [in'i?gli?] phr. 用英语(表达) 54 a [ei] art 一(个,件...) 55 clock [kl?k] n 钟 56 and [?nd] conj 和,又,而 57 pencil-box ['penslb?ks] n 铅笔盒 58 an [?n] art 一(个;件.) 59 pencil ['pensl] n 铅笔 60 ruler ['ru:l?] n 尺子 61 pen [pen] n 钢笔

(完整)初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

动词概述 一、实义动词 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard. I know them well. 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如: She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,____不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语: ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词

初中英语动词时态讲解及练习

16种英语时态总结归纳 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。) D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?) F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。 例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。) 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法:现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法: A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。 例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。) 注意事项 A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。

初中英语常考词汇用法大全【中考必备】

1.beat (n)敲击,跳动(vt)打,输 beaten track 常规;惯例;被踩出来的路 [辨析1]beat和win的用法: ①beat表示“在战斗中战胜对手,宾语是人,不是物”。beat后接运动员、球队或 对手等。例如:I can beat you at chess . ②beat意为“胜于,击败”。例:He is going to beat the world record . ③win战胜,因赢,它的宾语是物,如比赛,战争。win后接“a game, a war, a watch, a prize” 等。例:The boy won the first prize in contest . I can always beat him at chess. Which team win the football match?We beat them by score 2 to 1. [辨析2]beat; hit; strike的用法:这三个词都有"打;击;敲"的意思,但仔细分辩, 还是有其各自的用法。 ①beat 表示"连续不断地打击";尤其指心脏的跳动。 ● beat sb in the chest ● beat…to death ● to beat a drum敲鼓 ②hit表示"撞击"(尤指一次性的)或命中(目标)。而strike除了与hit同义外,还可以理解为划(火柴);给人深刻印象等。如:The man looked dead but his heart was still beating.这个人看上去已经死了,可心脏还在跳动。 He hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使劲地击球,结果球越过了墙。 I have some _________ to do this afternoon. A. shop B. shops C. shopping D. a shop He ____ his opponent in the game at last. A. beat B. beated C. beaten D. was beating 2.fame (n)名声;名气;声誉famous (adj)出名的;著名的 be famous/ known for因/以……而著名(for后接出名的原因) be famous/ known as作为……而出名/著名(接职务、身份或地位等名词) be famous/ known to对……来说出名 ※比较:be famous as ; be famous for ;be famous to和be famous at 的用法: 【一】以“地方”做主语: ①be famous for 表示“以某种特产而‘闻名’著名,出名”,famous 相当于well-known ②be famous as 表示“以什么样的产地或地方而出名”。eg: Hangzhou is famous _________ producing silk in China . A. from B. at C. in D. for ● The area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是生产绿茶的地区。 【二】以“人物”做主语:①be famous for 表示“某人以某种知识,技能或特征出 名” ● Eins tein was famous for his Theory of Relativity . 爱因斯坦以他的相对论 而闻名。※be famous as表示“某人以某种身份出名”。如:Einstein was famous as a great scientist .【注意】:be famous for 后的介词宾语是主语的所属内容. be famous as 后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。③be famous to s b 对某人来说是著 名的…④be famous at (= be good at(擅长))= do well in 在…方面做得好/表现 出色。(反义词)be no good at (do badly in)“  在……方面做得很差”。E.g: Egypt is famous for its grand pyramids.She is famous as a writer. Tom did badly in the foot ball match.Qingdao is famous for its beautiful scenery. Lu xun is famous/ known as a writer. As is known to us all, the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world. Lu Xun was famous _________ his works _________ a writer. A. for; for B. for; as C. as; for D. as; as 3.use (vt&n)使用useless (adj)无用的;无效的;无益的(反义词)useful (adj) ⑴used to do sth.表示过去经常或持续的行为,现在已不再发生,该句型即可用助 动词did构成否定句和疑问句,也可以把used当作助动词的用法来交换。如:I used to climbed trees and swim and play football.我过去常常爬山,游泳,踢足球.⑵used to 和would都用来谈过去的习惯,但used to 可以指动作或情况,而would只表 示重复的动作且不强调今昔对比. ※比较“ used to be及used to do sth ”和“ be used to do sth及be used to doing sth” 的用法:①用于肯定句used to be (指状况)表示“过 去常常和习惯做某事,也指过去反复发生的动作。即“used to be sth” 。其否定形式: used not/ usedn’t to be/do sth/ 也可用助动词did构成否定句和疑问句,疑问句形式: used sb to do /be……? ②be used to do sth表示“被用于做……”含有被动语态的意义。 ③become/ get/ be used to doing sth习惯于做某事。用来表示“现在,过去及将来 习惯于做某事。”下列句型中只可用动名词和It作主语,不可用不定式短语作主 语: ①It is no use +动名词(v-ing),表示“……没用”。[= It’s useless + 不定式(to do sth ). = It is of no use to do sth . = Ther is no use in ……(There is 之后要接表扬的 介词短语)]。例:It is no us e crying over spilt milk .[=It’s useless to crying over spilt milk.] Reasoning with such a stubborn man is no use.[= It is no use reasoning with

英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

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初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演,演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色,担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法:act for 代表某人,代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间,她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加,增加,添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充;继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计,加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起(...的费用,损失,后果),买得起;抽得出时间 (常与can, could, be able to 连用) afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意,赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法:agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) (对某人的健康或胃口)适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇,可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准,对准aim at 瞄准,针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子;aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许,准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒,使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气,使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。

英语短语动词试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

英语短语动词试题类型及其解题技巧及解析 一、短语动词 1.The company wants to a school for the poor children. A. put off B. set up C. call in D. look after 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:这家公司想为贫困儿童建一所学校。put off推迟;延期;set up 建立;call in召集;打电话;look after照顾。故选B。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。 2.--- Who is Dave looking ______? --- His mother. She's been in hospital for a few days. A. for B. after C. at D. up 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——Dave在照顾谁?——他妈妈,她住院好几天了。look after照 顾;look for寻找;look at看;look up查找。根据in hospital可知选B。 【点评】考查介词辨析,牢记look的固定搭配。 3.Joe has caused many problems and his dad can't ______ good ways to solve his trouble. A. come up with B. catch up with C. work out D. write down 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】come up with”想出“;catch up with”赶上“;work out”解决“;write down” 写下来“。句意为:Joe惹出许多麻烦,他的爸爸想不出方法来解决他的麻烦。”想出方法 “用come up with,故选A。 【点评】考查短语动词的辨析。 4.If you want to know more about space, please ___________ the book A Brief History of Time. A. look through B. look around C. look after D. look down upon 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意:如果你想多了解太空,请浏览《时间简史》这本书。look through 浏览;look around环顾四周;look after照顾;look down upon瞧不起。根据句意,故答案 为A。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。熟记短语,理解句意,根据语境判断选项。

初中英语动词讲解及重点学习的练习.doc

动词 1 )表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词( Notional Verb )、系动词( Link Verb )、助动词( Auxiliary Verb )、情态动词( Modal Verb )。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having 是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 ( has 是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词( Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi. 。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物 动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词( Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。( sing受主语she 的限制,故用第三人称 单数形式sings 。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。( to learn不受主语she 的限制,没有

词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词 (O ne-Word Verb )、短语动词( Phrasal Verb )、动词短语( Verbal Phrase )例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。( contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。( look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。( take care of是动词短语。)6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第 三人称单数形式( Singular From in Third Personal )、过去式( Past Form)、过去分词( Past Participle )、现在分词(Present Participle)。 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb ),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语 的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)

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