高考英语易混词辨析

高考英语易混词辨析
高考英语易混词辨析

“貌”相近,意相远的易混词辨析

英语中有许多拼写相近的单词,有的仅一个字母之差,意义却相差较远,可谓"貌"相近,意相远.因其"貌"近,难辨者众,常指鹿为马.其实这些词有很多都是同"根"生的"兄弟姐妹".本文试图把某些常用"貌"近之词依"貌"分组列出,结合构词法分析其"根",配以语句进行对比,希望能帮助英语学习者辨其"貌",知其意.

1. inspect, respect, expect, prospect

"貌"同处spect,词根:看.各相异处前缀in-:里面、内,in + spect "看里面"乃为"检查";re-:反复、回,re + spect "回头反复看"是为"尊重";ex-:外面、出,ex + spect "看外面"是在"期待";pro-:前、朝前,pro + spect "朝前看"就是"展望、前景".

(1) The customs inspectors are inspecting the outgoing baggage. 海关稽查员正在检查出关的行李.

(2) The candidate is widely respected and expected to be elected mayor of this city. 候选人广受尊重,有望当选为该市市长.

(3) I see little much prospect of his company. 我看他公司发展前景渺茫.

2. expose, propose, dispose, compose, oppose, impose

"貌"同处pos,词根+ 结尾字母e:放置.各相异处前缀ex-:外面、出,ex + pose "摆出来"是为"揭发、暴露";pro-:前、朝前,pro + pose "向前呈"引为"提出、提议";dis-:分开,dis + pose "分开放置"引为"布置、安排";com=con-:共同、一起,com + pose "放到一起"即为"组成、构成";op-:相反,op + pose "置于相反位置"引为"反抗";im=in:内、里面,im + pose "把……硬置于里面"乃"把……强加".

(1) The leaders opposed the idea of exposing these photos to the public. 领导们反对将这些照片公之于众.

(2) Man proposes; God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天.

(3) Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧组成的.

(4) The director always attempts to impose his idea into every decision that is made by his office staff. 这位主任总是企图把他的个人意见强加于全体工作人员的每一项决定之上.

3. express, impress, depress, compress

"貌"同处press,词根:压.各相异处前缀ex-:外面、出,ex + press "把……压出"引为"表示、表明";im=in:内、里面,im + press "压入"乃"铭刻、给留下深刻印象";de-:向下,de + press "使压下"就是"使沮丧";com=con-:共同、一起,com + press "压在一起"即为"压缩".

(1) Children are encouraged to express feelings of sadness which they may be holding inside. 应当鼓励孩子们把他们可能藏在心里的不愉快表达出来.

(2) His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话深深地铭刻在我心上.

(3) News of his father’s death depressed Mr. Zhou; he felt as if a heavy weight had been placed on his spirit. 父亲去世的消息使周先生消沉,他感到心里好像压了一块重石.

(4) Compress your composition into a shorter one within 100 words. 把你的作文缩写成100字以内的短文.

4. contribute, distribute, attribute

"貌"同处tribute,词根:贡品、献礼.各相异处前缀con-:共同、一起,con + tribute "贡品一起"引为"贡献、捐献";dis-:分开,dis + tribute "分贡品"就是"分发";at- 可表原因,at + tribute "表述奉献贡品之由"引为"归因于".

(1) Song Dynasty contributed three inventions to world civilization.

宋朝有三大发明对世界文明做出了贡献.

(2) The organizing committee distributed prizes

among the winners. 组委会把奖品分发给了获胜者.

(3) He attributes his success to his hard work. 他认为他的成就是他刻苦的结果.

5. constitute, substitute, institute

"貌"同处stitute,词根:站立.各相异处前缀con-:共同、一起,con + stitute "同在一起"乃为"组成、构成";sub-:下面,"使一件东西站到另一件东西之下"就是"用……代替某人或某物";in-:内、里面,"在里面站的"即为"机构、学院".

(1) The three men were driving a stolen car from a scientific institute in which the police found a quantity of illegal drug substances; these facts constituted enough evidence for the three to be charged and brought to trial. 三名男子驾驶一辆

从一家科研所偷来的汽车,警方在他们的车上发现了一批违禁毒品,这些事实足以构成对这三名男子进行控告和审判的证据.

(2) Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. 当然白日做梦绝不能代替艰苦的努力.

6. statue, status, stature

"貌"同处stat,词根:站立.stat + ue 雕像;stat + us 地位、身份;stat + ure 身材、身高.

例:The artist in imposing stature enjoys high social status, for he’s made a series of classical statues.

那位身材魁梧的艺术家因塑造了系列经典雕像而享有盛名.

7. infer, refer, prefer, confer

"貌"同处fer,词根:拿、携带.各相异处前缀in-:内、里面,in + fer "拿内含的东西"乃"推断";re-:回,往原处,re + fer "反复拿书或资料"就是"参考、查阅";pre-:前面,pre + fer"拿在前面,先拿"肯定是"喜欢";con-:共同、一起,con + fer "在对话中共同采纳"引为"协商、商议".

例: (1) What can you infer from this passage?

你能从该短文中推断出什么?

(2) When writing papers, we have to refer to a lot of references concerned.

写论文时我们得查阅许多有关资料.

(3) It is a good idea to ask what your guests prefer to drink before you bring in the refreshments.

端上茶点之前最好先问一下你的客人喜欢喝什么饮料.

(4) We need to confer with the whole committee before making this important decision.

在做出这一重大决策之前,我们必须与全体委员交换意见.

8. acquire, inquire, require

该组虽不宜说是词根加词缀构成,但我们可以用同样的方式去分析,再加联想以帮助记忆."貌"同处quire:一刀纸.各相异处ac-:加强意义,使……,acquire联想"使纸中的即书中的成为自

己的"那就是"获得,尤指获取知识";in-:内、里面,inquire 联想"想知道书中不懂的"就去"询问或咨询";re-:反复,require 联想"在纸条上反复写重要内容"就是"要求".

例: (1) I have acquired the basic knowledge of writing required in high school.

我已掌握中学阶段要求掌握的写作基础知识.

(2) Mary inquired of me the reason for my quitting the job.

玛丽问我辞职的原因.

9. distinct, instinct, extinct

"貌"同处tinct,词根tin + ct:保持、容纳.各相异处前缀dis-:分开,dis + tinct "分开保持"乃"明显的、区别的";in-:内、里面,in + stinct "内在保持"是为"本能";ex-:外面、出,ex + tinct "出了容纳范围"不就是"灭绝"了吗?

例:These animals have a distinct instinct of protecting themselves from being extinct.

这些动物有一种明显的本能,能保护自己不灭绝.

10. persist, insist, exist, resist, consist

"貌"同处sist,词根:站立.各相异处前缀除per-之外,其余上文都已出现并分析过,就不再赘述.per-:始终、贯穿,per + sist"始终站立"乃"坚持";in + sist "站在内"引为"坚决主张/认为";ex + sist "站出来了"就能"生存、继续存在";re + sist "站在背面"表示"反抗";con + sist "站在一起"就是"组成".

例:(1) You must persist in your studies even when you feel discouraged and exhausted.

即使当感到泄气和疲劳时也须坚持你的学业.

(2) The chairman insisted the meeting be cancelled.

主席坚持要把会议取消.

(3) There exists in that country a resisting force against the government which consists mainly of the unemployed.

那个国家存在一股主要由失业者组成的反政府势力.

11. conform, confirm

它们可称得上是一对"貌"差无几的"双胞胎",仅一字母之差.con-:共同、一起,form:形式、形成,con + form"形式相同"是为"一致、符合";firm:坚硬、牢固,con + firm "一起坚硬"引为"确定、证实".

例:(1) This phrase doesn’t conform to present-day usage.

这一短语不合现代惯用法.

(2) The expected result confirmed me in my belief that I was right.

预期的结果使我确信我是对的.

12. contract, contact

tract:拉、拖,con + tract"拉向一处之物,常指法律文件"即"合同、契约";tact:碰,con + tact "碰到一起"乃为"联系、接触".

例:We’ll contact again and sign the contract as soon as possible.

我们还会再次联系,尽快把合同签了.

13. contend, content

tend:伸张、奋力,con + tend"一起伸张"乃"竞争、角逐";tent:保持、容纳,con + tent"保持在一起的东西"就是"目录、容量".

例:(1) The content of the report concerns the new building plans.

报告的内容涉及新的建筑计划.

(2) A good teacher can contend with several problems at the same time.

好教师能同时应付几个难题.

英语中这种"貌"近之词还有很多,本文只择以上几组,个别分析可能还欠科学,主要是想帮助英语学习者利用一切办法并举一反三,掌握其"貌"同处,辨清相异点,最终识得这些"双胞胎或多胞胎兄弟姐妹",并准确使用.

中考英语易混淆词汇辨析[整理版]

中考词汇辨析 §1 a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。 Ⅰ.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿”“有些”。如: ①I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 ②He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 Ⅱ.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如: ①A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 ②I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。 Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词;a bit后须加of才可以。如: ①.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. [注意]a little of后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如: ①May I have a little of your tea? Ⅳ. 否定形式not a little 作状语,相当于very/ quite, “很”,“非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于much, 意为“许多”。而not a bit 作状语时,相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”,作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg: ①He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 ②He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 ③She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。 Ⅴ. Not a bit中的not 可以分开使用;not a littl e中的not 则不能分开。Eg: ①He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 ②He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn’t fell a little tired. §2 a few/ few/ a little/ little Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词,a little和little修饰不可数名词;a few和a little表示肯定意义,few和little表示否定意义,可受only修饰。如: ①Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous. ②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. ③T here is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some ④Don’t worry, we have a little time left. §3above/over/on/upon Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上” Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below. ①The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 ②The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。 Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under. ①Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。 Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 ①The book is on the desk. ②There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。 Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。 ①He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。 [注]up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。 ①We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。 ②The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。 §4accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

高考英语易混词.docx

高考英语易混词 1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地 2) affect v 影响,假装effect n 结果, 影响 3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行 4) angel 天使 angle 角度 5) dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记 6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛 7) principal 校长,主要的 principle 原则 8) implicit 含蓄的(im表示“向内”)explicit 明白的(ex表示“向外”) 9) dessert 甜食 desert n 沙漠v 放弃 dissert 写论文 10) pat 轻拍tap 轻打slap 掌击rap 敲,打,节拍 11) decent 正经的descent n 向下, 血统descend v 向下 12) sweet 甜的sweat 汗水(注意发音不同) 13) later 后来latter 后者latest 最近的lately adv 最近 14) costume 服装custom 习惯 15) extensive 广泛的intensive 深刻的 16) aural 耳的oral 口头的 17) abroad 国外aboard 上(船,飞机) 18) altar 祭坛alter 改变 19) assent 同意ascent 上升accent 口音 20) champion 冠军champagne 香槟酒campaign 战役 21) baron 男爵barren 不毛之地的barn 古仓 22) beam 梁, 光束bean 豆been have 过去式 23) precede 领先proceed 进行,继续 24) pray 祈祷prey 猎物 25) chicken 鸡kitchen 厨房 26) monkey 猴子donkey 驴 27) chore 家务活chord 和弦cord 细绳 28) cite 引用site 场所sight 视觉 29) clash (金属)幢击声crash 碰幢,坠落crush 压坏 30) compliment 赞美complement 附加物 31) confirm 确认conform 使顺从 32) contact 接触contract 合同contrast 对照

英语易混淆词汇知识整合辨析

一.表主动和被动的不同。 有些由动词词根派生而来的形容词与该形容词所修饰的词之间存在这逻辑上的主动或被动关系,其中以-able,-ible,和-ed后缀结尾的形容词往往含有被动意味,而以-ful,-ous,或-tive结尾的往往含有主动意味。 1.respectful与respectable(respecting,respective) respectful意思是“恭敬的,尊敬人的”,有主动性的“尊敬 他人”之意。例如:the children were well mannered and respectful toward grown-ups.孩子们彬彬有礼,尊敬大人。 Respectable是“可敬的,值得尊敬的”的意思,表示“还过 得去”,为一般性的赞语,含被动意味。例如: It’s not respectable to get drunk in the street.在大街上 喝的醉醺醺的是有失体统的。 Respecting常用作介词,表示“关于,,,,在,,,方面”之意。 例如: Problems respecting air pollution in cities should be considered seriously.关于城市空气污染问题应给与认真考虑。 Respective表示“各自的,分别的”的意思。 Go to your respective places.各就各位。 2.imaginative 与imaginable(imaginary) imaginative 意思是“富于想象力的”,和他所修饰的人之间 含有主动的关系。例如: teachers like imaginative children.老师喜欢富有想象力的

中考英语形近词辨析

1.aloud(大声地)--cloud(云) 2.bad(坏的)--sad(难过的) 3.bank(银行)--rank(军衔) 4.bed(床)--red(红的) 5.beg(请求)--leg(腿) 6.better(更好的)--letter(信) 7.dig(挖)--pig(猪) 8.bike(自行车)--like(喜欢) 9.bit(一点儿)--hit(击中) 10.block(大块)--clock(钟) 11.boot(靴子)--foot(脚) 12.box(盒子)--fox(狐狸) 13.built(建造[过去式])--quilt(被子) 14.but(但是)--cut(割) 15.cap(帽子)--map(地图) 16.car(汽车)--jar(坛子) 17.card(卡片)--hard(努力地) 18.carry(运送)--marry(结婚) 19.cast(投掷)--east(东) 20.class(班级)--glass(玻璃) 21.crop(庄稼)--drop(使滴下) 22.deal(分配)--meal(一餐) 23.deed(行为)--need(需要) 24.door(门)--poor(可怜的) 25.dump(垃圾堆)--jump(跳) 26.fast(快的)--last(最后的) 27.fever(发烧)--never(从不) 28.fire(解雇)--hire(雇用) 29.fish(鱼)--wish(希望) 30.five(五)--live(生活) 31.fix(安装)--mix(混和) 32.fool(愚蠢的)--pool(小池) 33.grade(年级)--trade(贸易) 34.grain(谷物)--train(火车) 35.hide(躲藏)--ride(骑) 36.hot(热的)--not(不) 37.house(房子)--mouse(老鼠) 38.into(到……里面)--onto(到……上面) 39.jeep(吉普车)--keep(保持) 40.just(恰好)--must(必须) 41.kick(踢)--pick(捡) 42.kind(种类)--mind(介意) 43.kiss(吻)--miss(错过)https://www.360docs.net/doc/be12047484.html,ter(后来)--water(水) 45.lest(唯恐)--rest(休息) 46.lid(盖子)--rid(去掉) 47.life(生命)--wife(妻子) 48.love(喜爱)--move(移动) 49.mail(邮件)--rail(铁轨) 50.meal(一餐)--real(真正的) 51.mine(我的)--nine(九) 52.moon(月亮)--soon(不久) 53.most(最多的)--post(邮局) 54.mouth(嘴)--south(南) 55.much(许多)--such(这样的) 56.next(下一个)--text(课文) 57.north(北)--worth(值得……的) 58.pork(猪肉)--work(工作) 59.push(推)--rush(冲) 60.reason(原因)--season(季节) 61.ring(响)--wing(翅膀) 62.sea(海洋)--tea(茶) 63.sorry(难过的)--worry(使担忧) 64.talk(谈话)--walk(散步) 65.taste(品尝)--waste(浪费) 66.bad(坏的)--bed(床) 67.bat(球拍)--bit(一点儿)--but(但是) 68.beg(请求)--big(大的) 69.coal(煤)--cool(凉的) 70.dead(死的)--deed(行为) 71.dear(亲爱的)--deer(鹿) 72.dig(挖)--dog(狗)--dug(dig的过去和过去分词) 73.fall落下--fill装满--full满的 74.fan(扇子)--fun(玩笑) 75.farm(农场)--form(建立) 76.fix(安装)--fox(狐狸) 77.glass(玻璃)--grass(草地) 78.hare野兔--here在这里--hire(雇用) https://www.360docs.net/doc/be12047484.html,ke(湖)--like(喜欢) https://www.360docs.net/doc/be12047484.html,ke(湖)--lame跛的--late(迟的) https://www.360docs.net/doc/be12047484.html,st(最后的)--lost(丢失的) 82.live(生活)--love(喜爱) 83.meat(肉)--meet(遇见) 84.month(月份)--mouth(嘴)

高考英语易混易错词汇总结

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