2016年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍 专题13 特殊句式
【高频考点解读】
特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。
【热点题型】
题型一主谓一致
例1、The basketball coach，as well as his team，________interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
【易错剖析】本题容易误选A。把谓语动词看成了和靠近的名词his team一致，注意：A，as well as B作主语时,谓语动词和A一致。
【提分秘籍】
1．people，cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式，但family，class，team，group，public等集体名词作主语时，如果把它们作为一个整体看待，谓语动词应用单数形式；如果强调的是个体成员，谓语动词应用复数形式。
All my family enjoy skiing.
我们全家都喜欢滑雪。
2．如果主语由“more than one＋n.”或“many a＋n.”构成，谓语动词用单数形式；如果主语由“more＋复数名词＋than one”构成，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.
不止一个男孩喜欢打篮球然而不止一个女生擅长打棒球。
3．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes.要么是你要么是你的秘书必须检查一下演讲稿并把错误改过来。
4．如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as,no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with,but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时,句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。
Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。
In my opinion，he rather than you，is to resign.
依我看来，他，而不是你该辞职。
5．单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据名词的意义来确定谓语动词的单、复数形式。
Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result，the number of the milu deer is increasing.
用来保护对于我们来说很珍贵的麋鹿的各种必要手段都已使用。因此，麋鹿的数量正在增加。
6．由each，every，no所修饰的作主语的名词即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday.
每个女生和男生都希望参加星期六举办的英语晚会。
【举一反三】
The number of people who ________ exposed to secondhand smoking in public places ________ up to 740 million in China.
A．is；are B．are；are
C．is；is D．are；is
解析：选D。考查主谓一致。分析句子成分后可知“who ________exposed to secondhand smoking in public places”是定语从句修饰先行词people，谓语动词用复数形式are；整个句子的主语是“The number of people”，意为“人们的数量”，谓语动词用单数is，故D项正确。
题型二倒装
例2、Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________ having a holiday abroad.
A．he had considered B．had he considered
C．he considered D．did he consider
【解析】选D。考查倒装。表达否定意义的连词短语位于句首时运用部分倒装，因此可以排除A、C两项。再分析句子结构可知，本空所在的是主句部分，结合从句时态可知主句用一般过去时态。句意：直到三年前从教学上退休后他才考虑到国外度假。诸如倒装、虚拟语气这样的语法题，我们要熟记规则。
【易错剖析】本题容易误选B。只注意到了倒装而忽视了时态，主从句的动作几乎同时发生，不存在时态差别。
【提分秘籍】
1．部分倒装
(1)在so/such...that...句型中，若so/such...提到句首时。
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
天气如此冷以至于我们不得不呆在家里。
(2)hardly...when..., no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。
Hardly had they got to the airport when the plane took off.
他们刚到机场飞机就起飞了。
Not only should we learn English，but also we should learn how to apply it to practice.我们不但应该学习英语而且我们应该学会如何把它应用于实践。
(3)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。
Little did I know that this spilled the end of my career.
我一点也没想到这会断送了我的职业生涯。
It is said that by no means can the students be allowed to get into this laboratory without Mr.Jackso n’s permission.
据说未经Jackson先生的许可,学生绝不允许进入这个实验室。
(4)当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。
Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work.
只有当汤姆完全恢复他才回去工作。
(5)用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)。
Quiet student as he may be，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
尽管他是一名沉默寡言的学生，但课后谈起他最喜欢的歌手他却滔滔不绝。
2．完全倒装
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。
On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.
在山顶上有一个这位老人曾经生活过的寺庙。
For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.
那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。
(2)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是:形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。
【举一反三】
I got in his old truck and off ________ to one of the far corners of the farm to fix the fences.
A．did we go B．went we
C．did go we D．we went
解析：选D。虽然off位于句首常用完全倒装，但前提条件主语须是名词，此处主语是代词，所以不用倒装。
题型三强调句型
例3、It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic________Zheng He sailed to East Africa.
A．when B．that
C．after D．since
【易错剖析】本题容易误选D。忽略了时态，since引导时间状语从句的话，主句要用现在完成时。
【提分秘籍】
1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/wa s＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
It was in the shop that we met him yesterday.
昨天我们在商店里遇到了他。
2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。
Was it Mr.White that to blame for breaking the cup?
是怀特先生因打碎杯子而应受责任吗？
3．“It was not until...that...”这个句型强调时间状语。
It was not until I went there that I began to know something about the matter.
直到我去那儿我才开始知道有关那件事。
【举一反三】
Not a single word in the guildebook ________ because it was in Italian.
A．I can understand B．I understood
C．could I understand D．can I understand
解析：选C。考查倒装结构。否定词或否定结构置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装；再根据句中“was”的提示可知，此处应用过去时态，所以C项正确。
题型四省略
例4、All the photographs in this book, ________ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
A．unless B．until
C．once D．if
【解析】选A。本题考查连词的应用。句意：除非做出特别说明，这本书中所有的照片可以追溯到20世纪50年代。由信息词otherwise可知，A项符合题意。
【易错剖析】本题容易误选D。原因在于只理解出了是条件状语从句,忽略了句子的意义是：如果没有另外的说明，unless＝if...not。
【提分秘籍】
1.在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be常被省略.
Though surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
教授看到我们，虽然很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。
When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted. If not they will have no trees to cut down in the future.
当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。
2．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。
—What’s the matter with Della?
—Well，her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to.
——Della出什么事了？
——父母不允许Della参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。
—Will you join in the game？——你愿意加入做游戏吗？
—I’d be glad to.——我很高兴。
(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。
—Are you a sailor？——你是海员吗？
—No，but I used to be.——不，但我过去是。
【举一反三】
The new technology，if ________ to farming，will help increase the grain output.
A．applying B．to apply
C．applied D．having applied
解析：选C。考查省略。if引导的条件状语从句中省略了与主句相同的主语及系动词，补全后为：if the new technology is applied to farming，因此选C。
【高考风向标】
1．(2014·大纲全国卷)Not only ________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
【答案】do
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还希望减少工时。not only...连接并列分句置于句首时，其后要用倒装。
2．(2014·湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others.(will you keep, you will keep)
【答案】will you keep
3．(2014·福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
【答案】that
【解析】本题考查强调句型的判定。句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证此句是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断句子“The culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.”成分完整，由此可以断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。
4．(2014·天津卷)Give me a chance, ________I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。从句子的意思来看，前后两句为顺承关系。“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，两个分句之间是顺承关系，其中祈使句可以是名词短语。
5．(2014·陕西卷)No sooner ________ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
【答案】had
【解析】本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...“一……就……”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为陈述句为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
6．(2014·四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry?
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？强调句用来引起他人注意，其结构是：“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who. . . ”，可译为：“正是……”或“就是……”。强调句的一般疑问句结构是：Is/Was it...that/who...？本题中是对原因状语从句“because Jack came late for school”进行强调。
7．(2014·湖南卷)________(make) what you're doing today important, because you're
trading a day of your life for it.
【答案】Make
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：让你今天所做的(变得)重要，因为你是在以付出你生命中的一天来交换的。“because you're trading”是一个原因状语从句，故前面应是主句，是一个完整的句子，make是动词原形，构成一个祈使句。
8．(2014·湖南卷)All we need ________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：所有我们需要的是我们在一年中生长的季节能种植各种各样果树的一小块土地。All we need相当于All that we need，作主语，谓语动词用单数；且本句表达的是客观需要，故用一般现在时。
9．(2014·湖南卷)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。It's...that...是一个强调句型。
10. (2014·四川卷)________me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
【答案】Call
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我就告诉你实验结果。分析句子结构可知，这是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式，因此应用动词原形开头。
11．(2013·福建，34)Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.
A．had he realized B．did he realize
C．he realized D．he had realized
【答案】B
12．(2013·湖南，35)Not once________to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A．occurred it B．it did occur
C．it occurred D．did it occur
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装。否定词(短语)放于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处即将助动词did放于主语it之前。故答案选D。
13．(2013·江苏，27)“Never for a second，”the boy says，“________that my father would come to my rescue.”
A．I doubted B．do I doubt
C．I have doubted D．did I doubt
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语位于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处never for a second为否定短语，句子描述的为过去的事情，故答案选D。
14．(2013·江西，25)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ to him again.
A．I will speak B．will I speak
C．do I speak D．I speak
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装。Only＋状语(从句)放于句首，句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前，故排除A、D项；根据句意可以判断应该是对于将来事情的叙述，故使用将来时态，因此答案选B。
15．(2013·辽宁，26)At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A．they actually broke B．do they actually break
C．did they actually break D．they had actually broken
【答案】C
16．(2013·新课标Ⅱ，12)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent________properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。Only＋状语(从句)提前放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选B。
17．(2013·天津，11)It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.
A．that B．where C．why D．when
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。此处考查固定句型not...until的强调句，其句型结构为：It was not until...that＋句子。故答案选A。
18．(2013·新课标Ⅱ，10)It was only after he had read the papers________Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that C．which D．what
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。题干可还原为：Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers，即可判断为强调句，因此填that。
19．(2013·重庆，27)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that C．when D．how
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。该句可还原为the mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide，故可知为强调句，答案选B。
20．(2013·湖南，30)Every day________a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，不难判断，该句为祈使句，故用动词原形，答案选A。
【高考押题】
1．—What's the matter with you?
—My parents won't allow me to go to the ball. But I still ________.(hope to, hope so, hope not, hope it)
【答案】hope to
【解析】考查省略。句意：——你怎么了？——我父母不允许我参加舞会。但我还是想去。此处为动词不定式的省略形式，补充完整为：But I still hope to go to the ball.
2．—Where did you pick up the stamp?
—It was at the post office ________ we worked in the summer vacation.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：——你在哪里得到的那张邮票？——在我们暑假一起工作的邮局。where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。答句是强调句的省略形式，补充完整为：It was at the post office where we worked in the summer vacation that I picked up the stamp.
3．When ________(ask) about the reason for winning the prize, the girl owed the success to her teachers.
【答案】asked
【解析】考查省略。句意：当被问到获奖的原因时，这个女孩把她的成功都归功于她的老师。When引导的时间状语从句使用了省略结构，省略了主语和be动词。由于从句的主语the girl与动词ask之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。
4．Such an inspiring speech ________ he make at the graduation ceremony that every one of us was deeply moved and strongly encouraged.
【答案】did
5．It was not until Jake came to China as an exchange student this summer ________ he began to realize the importance of learning Chinese.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到Jake今年夏天作为交换生来到中国，他才开始意识到学习汉语的重要性。分析句子结构可知，该句为强调句，此处应用that构成强调句型的
基本框架。
6．Strange ________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
【答案】as
【解析】考查倒装。as作“虽然，尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，从句必须用倒装语序，形式为：形容词/副词/名词＋as＋主语＋谓语。
7．Reputation is a treasure that, once ________(lose), can never be won back.
【答案】lost
【解析】考查省略。once lost(一旦失去)为状语从句的省略形式，省略了主语和be动词，补充完整应该是“once it is lost”，it指代reputation。
8．His mind went so blank that little ________ he write down for the first ten minutes in the test.
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒装。此处表示否定意义的词little放在了从句的句首，因此从句需使用部分倒装结构；因主语he与动词write构成主谓关系，所以用did。
9．—Was it because of his short－sightedness ________ he was turned down by the company?
—No, it was because of his poor performance.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：——因为近视他才被这家公司拒绝的吗？——不是，因为他表现得不好。分析句子结构可知，问句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，because of his short －sightedness为被强调部分，所以此处应用that。
10．Unless ________(ask) to answer questions, the pupils won't talk in Mrs Smith's class.
【答案】asked
【解析】考查省略。句意：除非被提问，否则同学们在史密斯夫人的课堂上从不讲话。由于主从句的主语一致，且从句含有be动词，故此处省略了主语和be动词。又因the pupils 与动词ask之间为被动关系，故此处用过去分词asked。从句补充完整为：Unless they are asked to answer questions.
11．Jack opened the door; there ________ he had never seen before.(a woman stood, stood a woman)
【答案】stood a woman
【解析】考查倒装。句意：杰克打开门，门口站着一位他以前从未见过的女士。there 位于句首，而且主语是名词，所以此处用完全倒装结构。
12．Do you have any idea that ________ that makes The Voice of China so popular?
【答案】what it is
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：你知道是什么让《中国好声音》如此受欢迎吗？分析句子结构可知，______ that makes The Voice of China so popular是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，由于作idea的同位语，所以要用陈述语序；根据句意可知，疑问词应用what，意为“什么”。故填what it is。
13．As is shown in the movie, under no circumstances ________ faith and confidence.(you should lose, should you lose)
【答案】should you lose
【解析】考查倒装。句意：正如在电影中所展示的那样，在任何情况下你都不应该失去信念和自信。当under no circumstances, in no way, by no means等表示否定意义的词组置于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语之前。
14．________，I believe, and you will find him very capable.(Having a talk with Tom, Given a talk with Tom, One more talk with Tom, If you have a talk with Tom)
【答案】One more talk with Tom
【解析】考查固定句式。句意：跟汤姆再谈谈，我相信你会发现他很能干。分析句子结构及四个选项可知，本句是“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”结构，该结构是由“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”转换而来的。
15．Never for one moment, believe it or not, ________ I imagined being faced with such a situation where a helping hand was greatly needed.
【答案】had
【解析】考查倒装和时态。根据前面的Never可知，此处应该用部分倒装结构；再根据后面的was可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示在过去的某一动作之前已完成的动作。因此填had。
16．—You should have told your daughter about the custom of the wedding in Brunei.
—I meant ________，but I had some unexpected things.
【答案】to have
17．You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain. Above all, ________(bring) plenty of drinking water with you.
【答案】bring
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：去山里散步之前你应该做好充分的准备。最重要的是要带足够多的饮用水。分析句子结构可知，________plenty of drinking water with you为祈使句，此处缺少谓语，故填bring。
18．－Cathy, what are you going to do this weekend?
—________，I'm going to see my parents in the countryside.(If ever, If busy, If anything, If possible)
【答案】If possible
【解析】考查省略。句意：“Cathy，这周末你打算做什么？”“如果可能的话，我打算去看望乡下的父母。”If ever“如果有过的话”；If busy“如果忙的话”；If anything“如果有的话，如果存在某种情况的话”；If possible“如果可能的话”。根据句意可知，应填If possible。
19．Only when you are living in a foreign country ________ the importance of English.(you can realize, can you realize)
【答案】can you realize
【解析】考查倒装。句意：只有当你住在国外的时候你才会意识到英语的重要性。“only ＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装结构；结合时间状语从句的时态可以看出，主句应用现在时态，故本题填can you realize。
20．—________ you got Wang Feng's autograph photo?
—Didn't you know I went to his live concert? See? Easy！(How it was, How was it that) 【答案】How was it that
【解析】考查强调句型的特殊疑问句。句意：“你怎么会有汪峰亲笔签名的照片？”“难道你不知道我去他的现场演唱会了吗？看到了吗？很简单！”根据答句可知，此处解释了答话人是如何拥有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的，故特殊疑问词用How。再由强调句型的特殊疑问句形式“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他”可知应填How was it that。
2016-全国各地高考英语作文汇总
2016年全国各地高考英语作文汇总 新课标I卷 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教MS Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。 示例1 Dear Ms Jenkins, I'm Li Hua from your English writing class last term. I'm writing to ask for your help. I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume. However, I am not quite sure of the language and the format I've used. I know you have a very busy schedule, but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment. Thank you for your kindness! Yours, Li Hua 示例2 Dear Ms Jenkins, I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor. In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume, so I don’t even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.
2016年高考文数热点题型和提分秘籍专题01集合概要
【高频考点解读】 1.了解集合的含义，体会元素与集合的从属关系；能用自然语言、图形语言、集合语言(列举法或描述法)描述不同的具体问题． 2.理解集合之间包含与相等的含义，能识别给定集合的子集；在具体情境中，了解全集与空集的含义． 3.理解两个集合的并集与交集的含义，会求两个简单集合的并集与交集；理解在给定集合中一个子集的补集的含义，会求给定子集的补集；能使用韦恩(Venn)图表达集合间的基本关系及集合的基本运算． 【热点题型】 题型一集合的基本概念 例1、已知集合A＝{x|x2－3x－10≤0}，B＝{x|m＋1≤x≤2m－1}，若B?A，求实数m 的取值范围． 【提分秘籍】 (1)判断两集合的关系常有两种方法：一是化简集合，从表达式中寻找两集合间的关系；二是用列举法表示各集合，从元素中寻找关系． (2)已知两集合间的关系求参数时，关键是将两集合间的关系转化为元素间的关系，进而转化为参数满足的关系．解决这类问题常常需要合理利用数轴、Venn图帮助分析．【举一反三】 设全集U＝R，集合M＝{x|x>1}，P＝{x|x2>1}，则下列关系中正确的是( ) A．M＝P B．P ?M
C．M ?P D．(?U M)∩P＝? 解析：对集合P：由x2>1，知x>1或x<－1，借助数轴，故M ?P，选C. 答案：C 题型二集合的基本运算( 例2、(1)(设集合A＝{x|x2－2x<0}，B＝{x|1≤x≤4}，则A∩B＝( ) A．(0,2] B．(1,2) C．[1,2) D．(1,4) (2)设集合M＝{x|x≥0，x∈R}，N＝{x|x2<1，x∈R}，则M∩N＝( ) A．[0,1] B．(0,1) C．(0,1] D．[0,1) 解析(1)由已知可得A＝{x|0 阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，6分话题：骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数：274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. 上海高考英语题型+阅读分析 ————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 主旨大意：本文主要讲述主人公毕业后的一段生活经历，主人公觉得在大城市的打拼并不尽如人意，还是小镇生活比较适合自己。 25. where. 本题考察定语从句，先行词为New York。 26. To earn. 本题考察非谓语，考察点是动词不定式表目的，在咖啡馆做侍应生的目的是赚钱。 27. as soon as/ as long as. 本题考察状语从句。考察点是时间状语从句“一旦……”，本题设3个空格，也是一种提示。 28. exhausted. 本题考察非谓语，考察点是分词做形容词使用。句子不缺动词，做给动词只能做非谓语，exhausted主语是人，所以用-ed。 29. if. 本题考察状语从句。考察点是条件状语从句，分析句意可知有“如果”的意思。 30. what. 本题考察主语从句。考察点是what做宾语。 31. adapting. 本题考察非谓语。考察点是非谓语做宾补。固定搭配have difficulty doing sth。 32. did. 本题考察倒装句。Not until放句首，部分倒装“助动词+主语+动词”。 【高频考点解读】 在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。 【热点题型】 题型一it的用法 例1、No matter where he is, he makes ________a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A．him B．this C．that D．it 【易错剖析】考生可能会受汉语的误导“他无论走到哪里都会把这/那当成一个规则：早饭前散散步”误选B或C，而忽略this/that不可作形式宾语。 【提分秘籍】 1．指代时间、距离、自然现象等。 It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)这儿离最近的医院有6英里。 It is very cold in the room.(指温度)房间里很冷。 2．指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情) 帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。 3．it作先行代词代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句，作形式主语或形式宾语。 He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. ●2018年全国卷I 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 到达时间； 2. 合适的礼物； 3. 餐桌礼仪。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Terry, How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writ ing to inform you of some relevant details. To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting. Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, like a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food. Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua ●2018年全国卷II 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括： 1. 短片内容：学校的发展； 2. 放映时间、地点； 3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Notice In order to have a better understanding of our school, an outstanding English short movie about our school will be shown in the library from 2:30 to 4:00 in the afternoon on June 9th. It is organized by the Student Union. Here are some relevant details about it. To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school. As we all expect, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting. What’s more, every one of you will be welcome to take part (participate) in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments. The Student Union June 8, 2018●2018年全国卷III 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括： 1. 学校的体育场馆； 2. 主要的运动项目； 3. 你喜欢的项目。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, 2011年高考英语阅读七选五专项训练（10题）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 专项练习一 For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans．1 Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today．Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world．Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829． 2 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847．Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business．This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention．After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes．Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals．Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners．At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth． 3 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners．These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more． In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets（铆钉）．This made the pants last a long time．Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent． 4 ． By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion． 5 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world． A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States． ！ B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable． C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since． D．However, he did not get much business for those products． E．He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry． F．Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture． G．As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it． 高考英语新题型语法填空的考查分析及应考策略陕西省英语试题从2016年开始使用全国II卷，新增了听力，语法填空和七选五阅读。其中语法填空是同学们认为比较难的一个题，但同时也是这三个新题型里最容易提分的一个题，所以本人就此题的考查特点及应考策略谈谈自己的看法。 语法填空的考查目的和要求： 语法填空考查考生的语言基本功和在具体的语境下准确运用语言的能力。要求考生挖掘语境信息，运用逻辑语义、语篇衔接等手段，辨析各题、各个选项在语义、语用价值上的差异。其创新的意义在于体现“突出语篇、强调应用、注重实际”的精神。体现了语言测试的交际性原则，体现了高中课程改革的教学理念，与课程标准所提出的英语课程性质相吻合。 语法填空的核心是语言基本功，所以要求关注基础。教师在教学中重视语法的使用情境，体现语法的语用要求和交际功能，把握好语法复习的度。考纲中规定的语法项目都要复习到位，既要保证语法知识复习的系统性、完整性，又要结合高考试题，做到重点突出、详略得当。学生在语法复习时一定要注意语法的基本使用规则，通过语境了解语法，学习语法，亦运用语法。语法复习最好以练固讲，精讲精练，让考生在练中归纳，在练中感悟和提高。切忌面面俱到，耗时耗力地讲解语法规则和条文而削弱实践和练习，忽视其交际功能和语用功能。 语法填空题型特点和要求: 要求: 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 一般十个题里有七个是给提示词的，主要考查实词，例如考查名词的单复数，代词的变化，动词的时态语态，形容词副词比较级最高级，以及各个词性之间的转化。三个是无提示词的，主要考查连词，包括并列连词和从属连词，介词的搭配和运用，冠词等，这就要求学生们对文章句意，整体内容和结构的把握。 语法填空新题型对英语教学的启示： 1. 转变传统的语法教学理念 改变“重识记，轻运用”的语法教学理念，适当减少较繁琐复杂的语法知识的讲解，指导学生在具体语境中学得和习得语法。 专题12 定语从句 【高频考点解读】 定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有： ①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句； ②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)； ③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句； ④as引导的非限制性定语从句。 【热点题型】 题型一关系代词引导的定语从句 例1、You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 【易错剖析】本题易误选B。原因是找错了先行词，本句中定语从句的先行词是taxis，而不是the bus station。 【提分秘籍】 1．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语(可省略)。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.我拒绝因别人的过错而承担责任。 2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语(可省略)。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. 8 完形填空 【母题】【2018·新课标全国I卷高考完形填空】 【母题原题】 【2018·新课标全国I】完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41___ my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a __42___ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43____ on how bad it must be to have to stand ___44____ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45___ something they thought our “friend” there would ___46___. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a ___47____. I thought about it. We were ___48__ on cash our selves, but… well, sometimes __49___ from our need instead of our abundance is ___50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51____ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with ___53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54____his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful ___55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56___! Things would have played out so __57____ if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have ___58___ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __59___, it also gave my kids the __60____ taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them. 41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished 42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show 43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call 44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily 45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick 46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover 47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card 48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging 50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just 51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected 52. A . toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes 53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp 54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure 专题14 理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法 2017年新课标《考试大纲》规定：理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。能力层级：B “不同句式”主要指判断句、被动句、倒装句、省略句等。 “不同用法”主要指词类活用，包括名词、动词、形容词的活用以及使动用法和意动用法。 高考命题重点通过选择题(实词理解题)和翻译题的方式考查词类活用。 热点题型一 判断句 例1.下列各组句子中，句式不相同的一组是( ) A.????? ①非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也②如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉 B.? ???? ①故今之墓中全乎为五人也②刘备天下枭雄 C.????? ①《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也②妪，先大母婢也 D.????? ①屈平疾王听之不聪也②城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也 【提分秘籍】 判断句，就是以名词、代词或名词性短语为谓语对主语进行判断的句式。在判断判断句时，首先看其标志： (1)以“……者，……也”“……也”“……者也”“……者，……”为标志。 (2)以判断动词“为”“是”为标志。(注意：“是”一般作为指示代词“这”来使用，表判断的情况相对较少) (3)以判断副词“乃”“即”“则”“皆”“诚”“悉”“亦” “素”为标志。 (4)以否定副词“非”“未”“弗”“无”“莫”为标志。 其次，对无标志判断句，要看其谓语是不是名词或名词性短语。如“秦，虎狼之国”，“秦”是名词，“虎狼之国”是名词性短语，对主语“秦”作出判断。 判断句翻译时一般要译成“是”或“不是”。当用副词加强判断时，翻译中应把副词的基本义译出，并补上判断词“是”，如“必”“亦”“即”“诚”“皆”“则”“素” “乃”可以依次译成“一定是”“也是”“便是”“确实是”“都是”“原来是”“本来是”“就是”。 【举一反三】 下列各句中，与其他三句句式不同的一项是( ) A.和氏璧，天下所共传宝也 B.且相如素贱人 C.七十者衣帛食肉，黎民不饥不寒，然而不王者，未之有也 D.此诚危急存亡之秋也 解析 C 项为宾语前置句，其他三句为判断句。 答案 C 热点题型二 被动句 例2.下列各组句子中，不属于被动句的一组是( ) A.? ???? ①不拘于时，学于余②若属皆且为所虏高考英语真题分类汇编各种题型全汇总
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