非谓语动词的时态、

非谓语动词的时态、
非谓语动词的时态、

非谓语动词的时态、

1.不定式

2. 分词过去分词现在分词

3.v+ing

分词:分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。

一般式完成式

现在分词doing having done having been done

过去分词done

分词作定语

表被修饰词的特点、特征.单个分词作定语前置,分词短语作定语,放在所修饰词之后。现在分词和过去分词的区别:时态上,现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示已经完成;语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动

boiling water =the water that is boiling. fallen leaves, boiled water

sleeping child =the child who is asleep a moving film, a moved girl

There was a surprised look on her face at the news.

过去分词作宾补

一.能带现在分词做宾补的动词有

have ,get ,keep ,set ,send ,leave,

catch, hear ,listen to,feel , see , find ,look at ,watch ,observe ,notice

My father had only two men working for him

Don’t have the horse running so fast ,It’s dangerous .

Have you noticed the boy passing across the street ?

分词短语作宾补

二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有make ,have ,get leave 及感官动词

see ,watch ,look at ,find hear listen to ,feel 等.

宾语与补语的关系是被动含义时,用过去分词作宾补

I was surprised to see so many people seated at the back of the class.

I have never heard this song sung so sweetly

You’d better get your bike repaired at once

【学法导航】非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少,但经常放在with 复合结构中考查;同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”,具体内容如下:

一.非谓语动词“五步骤”

牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成。

2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。

3.寻找逻辑主语,把握,前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。

4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。

5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:

1..不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

【口诀记忆】

决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装,主动答应选计划

同意请求帮一帮,愿望似乎就没有,碰巧承担常努力。

attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford 负担得起demand要求long渴望

arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略,漏

appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨,厌恶pretend 装

ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer 志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供

beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿

care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许

2.start开始undertake承接want想要

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

【口诀记忆】

考虑建议盼原谅,避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡

acknowledge承认,自认cease 停止mention说到,讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌advocate:提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕

appreciate 感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒

can't help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避can't stand受不了deny否认excuse 借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好favor 造成,偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟figure描绘,计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成,结束不得pardon 原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟,延期risk冒险involve卷入,包含practise 实行,实践suggest 建议

hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持,忍受

loathe非常讨厌,厌恶recall回想

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

【口诀记忆】

想起忘记常后悔

1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)

remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

5)try to do努力、企图做某事

try doing试验、试一试某种办6) mean to do打算,有意要…mean doing意味着

need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系

Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。

I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。

There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:

ability能力,本领ambition抱负,野心effort努力,尝试need需要,需求

failure失败,不及格opportunity机会chance机会

5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。

John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要求不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;

他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点:

1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。

He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。

The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。

Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?

He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。

(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:

6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:

When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)

注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:

While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。

When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.

非谓语动词的特殊结构

有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语,用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。

1)现在分词的独立结构

judging from / by…, generally speaking, strictly speaking

2)不定式的独立结构

to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with

3)动词原形:Believe it or not (信不信由你)

4)作连词的分词considering (考虑到,就…而言),providing / provided …假如,supposing 假如这些词用来表示条件的连词,后接that 从句。

非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)

动词非谓语形式 一.基本概念: 顾名思义,不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词,有to do (动词不定式) / -ing (现在分词 / 动名词) / -ed (过去分词)三个形式。由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制,故也称为"非限定动词"。(学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词) 二.非谓语动词的时态和语态意义: 英语中动词有两大基本特征:时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词也是动词,当然也具备动词的这两大特征。 1. 时态概念:非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念,他与谓语动词时态的区别是:谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念,如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来",即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时",与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间(段)的称为"现在时",而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。 2. 语态概念:与谓语动词一样,非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。 也就是要记住四句话: (1) 表示将来时; (2) 表示现在时; (3) 表示过去时(一定是被动的) (4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时 非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。 请你判断一下,下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态: Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。将来/ 主动) The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。将来 / 被动)

全国高考真题动词时态语态非谓语动词题改编语法填空

语法填空(2011年全国高考时态语态非谓语动词汇编) 01.The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from behind the house.(全国卷I) 02. If you don't like the drink that you ______(order), just leave it and try a different one.(全国卷II) 03. The island, _______ (join)to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (全国卷II) 04. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody (break)into the office during the night. (江西卷) 05. On receiving a phone call from his wife (say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. (江西卷) 06. Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (福建卷) 07. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_______ (hold). 08. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they______ (receive)from China. (福建卷) 09. Look over there – there’s a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.(山东卷) 10. When I got on the bus, I _____(realize)I had left my wallet at home. (山东卷) 11. She was surprised to find the fridge empty. The children _____ (eat)everything! (山东卷) 12. His first novel ( receive)good reviews since it came out last month.(陕西卷) 13.Claire had her luggage (check)an hour before her plane left. (陕西卷) 14. .More highways have been built in China, __(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (陕西卷) 15. Passengers are permitted (carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(天津卷) 16. ______ (translate)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. .(天津卷) 17. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, (keep)on your feet.(北京卷) 18. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ (break)into small pieces.(安徽) 19. All visitors to this village _________ (treat) with kindness.(四川卷) 20. Simon made a big bamboo box (keep)the little sick bird till it could fly. (四川卷) 21. (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (四川卷) 22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son. (graduate) from college. (辽宁卷) 23. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ (raise)people’s concern over food safety. (重庆卷) 24. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_______ (remind) of his own dreams. 25. The ability _____( express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. (湖南卷) 26. The players ______(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 27. Do you wake up every morning _______(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day? (湖南卷) 28. It is the most instructive lecture that I _______(attend) since I came to this school. (湖南卷) 29. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______(make) by science. (湖南卷) 30. Recently a survey _______(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (江苏卷) 31. The rare fish, ______ (save)from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. (上海卷) 32. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ______(realize) that he could do nothing to help. (上海卷) 33. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ (lose)the art of communicating face-to-face. (浙江卷) 34. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words. (浙江卷) 35. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city (cheer)by their enthusiastic supporters. (浙江卷)

人教版2020中考英语试题解析汇编(第01期)专题02 单项选择非谓语动词及动词时态及语态)

专题02 单项选择(动词(词组或短语)非谓语动词及动词时态及语态) 1. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】--I saw John in the park this morning.. --It _____be him. He has gone to HongKong. A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——今天早上我看见约翰在公园里。——不可能是他。他去香港了。考查情态动词辨析题。can’t不可能,表否定推测;can可以,表允许;C. mustn’t一定不要,表禁止;D. must一定是,表肯定推测。根据对句He has gone to HongKong.,结合句意语境,可知本句是否定推测,故选A。 2. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】Liu Changjian, the command pilot of Sichuan Airlines Flight 3U8633, successfully down the plane last month. A. has brought B. ill bring C. brought D. bring 【答案】C 3. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】---How is our government going to deal with the office building? --- It will be _____ a library. A. turned off B. turned on C. turned out D. turned into 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我们的政府如何处理办公大楼?——它将变成一个图书馆。考查动词短语辨析题。A. turned off关掉(开关等);B. turned on打开(开关等);C. turned out…打扮;D. turned into变成。根据句意语境,可知前三个选项都与句意不合,故选D。 4. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】This kind of pen _____, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some. A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这种笔写得很好,也很便宜。我想你可以买一些。考查动词语态和副词辨析题。write写,动词,需用副词修饰,good是形容词,可排除BD两项。write这个动作是由pen发出的,不可用被动语态,可排除C项。根据句意结构和语境,可知选A。

怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态

怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态 非谓语动词 非谓语动词(不能作谓语用)包括不定式、分词及动名词。 动词不定式 1.常用形式:一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done 完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing 2.语法功能:可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成 分)。例如: 1)主语:To master a foreign language is very important. 2)表语:My job is to drive them to the company every day. 3)宾语:Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 宾补:The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn′t notice them come in. 注:see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后(即不定式作主补时)要带to, (其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.) help(帮助)后作宾补的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语:不定式位于所修饰的名词,代词之后,如:Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 6)状语:in order to A.目的状语:She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to 注:in order to 可以位于句首或句中,so as to 不能位于句首。 B.原因状语:I’m glad to see you . 注:这种“be+形容词+不定式”结构,其不定式有时也可视为宾语,如:He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here. C.结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。 △在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”,如:He is too weak to do the work. 注:too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意,此时不定式不再表否定意,而表肯定意。如:They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外,too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时,不定式也表肯定意, 如:She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. △在“形容词/副词+enough+不定式”结构中表“足以能…”,如:He is strong enough to do the work. 3.复合结构不定式(for sb. to do sth.),可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义,sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如:I think it necessary for him to go there at once.(复合结构不定式作宾语)

(完整版)三种非谓语动词的时态变化

三种非谓语动词的时态变化 一般式完成式进行式完成进行式 不定式主动to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被动to be done to have been done -------- to have been done 动名词主动doing having done ------ ---- 被动being done having been done ----- ----- 现在主动doing having done ----- ------ 分词被动being done having been done ------ ------- 过去主动------ ------ ------ ------- 分词被动done ------ ------ -------- 一.非谓语动词的否定,在非谓语动词结构的前面+not 二.如何确定非谓语动词的时态和语态的变化 三. 1.非谓语动词的时态,要根据和谓语动词的先后关系确定的。先于谓语动词,用完成式;强调同时发生,用进行式;其他多用一般式;表将来,多用不定式。 2.非谓语动词的语态,根据相应句子成分的主动、被动关系来确定: 作表语-----和主语的关系做作宾语------和主语的关系 作定语-----和所定名词的关系作宾补---------和宾语的关系 作主补-----和主语的关系作状语---------和全句主语的关系 3.非谓语主动表被动的情况,见主动表被动部分 谓语动词有16 种时态变化 一般进行完成完成进行 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 能以do 为例,完成上面的表格吗?

非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

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非谓语动词的时态和语态问题

非谓语动词的时态和语态问题 一、非谓语动词的时态问题 不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式,否则就用一般式。例: 1.I don’t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前,用不定式的完成式。句意是:我不知道你是否已经听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习。 2.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语,表示时间,相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。 3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 【分析】答案选A。look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生,用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示伴随情况。 若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用进行式。如:

动词的时态语态非谓语动词

动词的语态 一.语态的种类 语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态,主语是动作的承受者为被动语态,即当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态, 此类动词有feel,hear,help,listen to look at ,make ,observe,see ,notice,watch 二.用主动式表示被动含义的几种情况 1.表示状态特征的连系动词look, appear,feel,smell,sound,taste,prove+adj/n构成 的系表结构 2.表示主语某种属性特征的动词:read, sell, write, act wash,clean wear,cook look,shut,dry,eat,drink,这类动词常和副词连用 3.表示开始,结束,运动的动词begin,start,finish,stop,end,shut等 4.少数动词用于进行时,其主动式表示被动意义 Print,build,cook,fry,hang,make 用非谓语动词的主动式表示被动意义 1.在want,need,require做需要时及动词deserve后面用动名词的主动式表示被动 意义 2.形容词worth后面常用动名词主动式表示被动 3.不定式在某些形容词 difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fi,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous等后做状语,构成逻辑上的动宾关系,主动式表示被动 4.不定式做名词的后置定语,和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,此时常用 主动式表被动意义 5.不定式to blame,to let,和动词remain等的主动式表示被动的含义 6.动词say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know consider,hope,prove等以it 作形式主语,后面接that从句 It’s said that he has come back from America 三.不用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词或者短语不用被动语态

时态和非谓语动词真题

时态和非谓语动词真题再现 2005年 26、I don’t remember the boiler during these years. A、being repaired B、having been repaired C、to be repaired D、to have been repaired 47、I really appreciate to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself. A、you to offer B、that you offer C、your offering D、that you are offering 57、His remarks left me about his real purpose. A、wondered B、wonder C、to wonder D、wondering 60、Professor Wang, for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students. A、knowing B、known C、to be known D、having known 2006年 35. David’s expression, we’d better say he is not in a good mood today. A. To judge by B. Judged by C. To be judged by D. Judging by 53. too much to do, they have any money, so he had to postpone buying a house. A. Having B. Have C. Had D. Being 2007年 21. Mary is one of the brightest students who form New York University. A. graduated B. have graduated C. had graduated D. has graduated 29. from the hill-top, the lake scenery is beyond description. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To D. Having seen 35. Do not disturb me. I letters all morning and have written six so far. A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. have been writing 36. Teachers always tell their students that it is no good today’s work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leave 42. When a machine is , suitable materials must be chosen for its parts.

不定式的时态和语态

一、非谓语动词的定义: 非限定动词,在句中不能单独作谓语,因此也叫非谓语动词,包括动词不定式(the infinitive)、动名词(the gerund)、现在分词(the Present participle)、过去分词(the Past Participle)四种形式。现把其用法辨析如下 非谓语动词的句法作用 (表一)

二.非谓语动词的时态和语态: 1.不定式的时态和语态 (表二)

(表三)

(表四)

通过上述几个表格的比较,我们可以知道四种非谓语动词的时态和语态形式,下面我们再总结一下:1.非谓语动词的否定式:一律直接在非谓语动词之前加not 即可。 例如:(1)The doctor advised me not to smoke. (2)I regret not having gone together with her. (3)Not having been there before, I don’t know the shortest way to the railway station. (4)Not educated well, he found it difficult to solve such a complicate problem. 2.非谓语动词的完成式: 不定式的否定式我们只要在原来不定式中的动词之前加have即可,然后把原来的动词变为它的过去分词即可,如to do→not have done. 而过去分词只有一种形式,即done. 下面我们重点来看现在分词和动名词的完成形式。现在分词和动名词完成形式是完全一样的,其变化规律是:一律在现在分词或动名词的一般式之前加having→having done,再把原来的现在分词或动名词变为它的过去分词。如stud y →having studied

非谓语动词时态和语态的结构

非谓语动词时态和语态的结构 1. 不定式有哪些时态和语态呢? 主动被动 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing 无 完成时 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 无 2. 动名词的时态和语态 主动被动 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 3. 分词的时态和语态 主动被动 现在分词一般时 doing being done 现在分词完成时 having done having been done 过去分词无 done 中考英语非谓语动词总结 一.接动词不定式( to do/ do sth) 1. do nothing but do sth除了做某事外不做任何事 2. be supposed to do sth应该做某事;被期望干某事 3. Let's (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth 5.want sb to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth停下来去做某事 9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth观察某人做某事 11.It's time (for sb) to do sth到了该去做某事的时间 12.help sb (to ) do sth 13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 15.decide (not ) to do sth决定做某事 16.find it +adj + to do sth 17.have to do sth必须做某事 18.try (not ) to do sth尽力做某事 19.try one's best to do sth尽某人最大能力做某事 20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth计划去做某事 22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth 23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间 24.send sb to do sth派某人做某事 25.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事 26.forget to do sth忘记要去做某事 27.live to be +时间活到… 28.be able to do sth能够做某事 29.have sth to do 有事要做 30.seem to do sth似乎做;好像 31.get sb /sth to do sth 32.疑问词+ to do sth

非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种

非谓语动词用法详解动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如: To se e is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语.例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意:在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have n o choice but to go. 4)作定语.例如: I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothin g to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如: He had no money and no place to live. 注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较: A) Have you an ything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗? (不定式to send的动作执行者是you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? (不定式to be sent的动 作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else) 5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件. 例如: I came here to see you.(目的) We were very excited to hear the news.(原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果) To look at him, you would lik e him.(条件) 目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示.如: In order to pass th e exam, he worked very hard. We ran all the way so as not to be late. 不定式也 可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如: I am very glad to hear it. The question is dif ficult to answer. “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如: He is too old to do that.另外句子中有enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语.例如: The room is big enough to hold us. 6)作表语.例如: My job is to help the patient. 7)作独立成分.例如: To tell the truth,I don’t agree with you. 8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如: He didn’t know wha t to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) My question is w hen to start. (表语) 注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如: Why not have a rest? 9)不定式在句中用主动

非谓语动词的时态和语态问题

非谓语动词的时态和语 态问题 Company number:【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

非谓语动词的时态和语态问题 不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化. 一、非谓语动词的时态问题 不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式,否则就用一般式。例: 1.I don’t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前,用不定式的完成式。句意是:我不知道你是否已经听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习。 2.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语,表示时间,相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。 3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 【分析】答案选A。look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生,用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示伴随情况。 若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用进行式。如: He seems to be reading a newspaper. 他好像在看报。 ? 二、非谓语动词的语态问题

如何判断谓语动词和非谓语动词

动词的形式 -----谓语动词和非谓语动词 突破点(一) --如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词 若句中找不到谓语,则所给动词就作谓语 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语,一般,空格所在的句子中无其他动词,那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。 例如 2016全国 Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense of achievement .Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ---63 (be) often acceptable. 分析:该句中主语为动名词 leaving -----,故所给动词作谓语,谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填 is 例二 2016四川高考 The giant panda ---61 (love) by people through the world. 分析:句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事 实,应用一般现在时,且 panda 与 love 间是被动关系,用被动语态故填 is loved (2)若句中找到了谓语动词,而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时,则所给动词 一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是 vIng 形式, Ved 形式还是不定式。 例 1 2016全国 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-----43 (create) special designs. 分析:本句已有谓语动词 combine 且空处不作并列谓语,故应填非谓语动词,此处为不 定式作目的状语故填 to create 例二 2016 全国 My ambassadorial duties will include ----67(introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 分析:句中已有谓语动词 include 且无其他连词,故空处应填非谓语动词。 Include 及 物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示 Introduce 和空后的名词 visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填introducing. (3) 排除干扰,切忌只见树木不见森林 例 1 2016 全国 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ----49 (be) too violent for use at the table.

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