高中生物必修2课本原文填空

高中生物必修2课本原文填空
高中生物必修2课本原文填空

必修2课本原文填空

1.当细胞处于分裂期时,细胞核内的染色质经和,形成线状或棒状的小体即为染色体,它是的载体。因此,染色质和染色体是细胞中的两种形态2.染色体上着丝粒的位置,将染色体大致分为3 种类型,即染色体、染色体和染色体

3.根据基因的行为和染色体行为的一致性,科学家提出了的学说,即学说。

4.染色体组型又称。将某种生物体细胞内的全部染色体,按进行、和所构成的图像,称为该生物的染色体组型。

5.从化学成分上讲,染色体由、和少量组成,其中蛋白质又分为和。

6、实验是证实DNA作为遗传物质的最早证据来源。S型肺炎双球菌在培养基上能长成光滑的,因为S型细菌的菌体外有,使菌体不易受到宿主正常防护机制的破坏。

7、遗传的基本功能单位—基因,就是一段有功能的,在大多数生物中是一段

,而在RNA病毒中则是一段。RNA病毒有

8、DNA作为主要的遗传物质在分子结构和生物合成方式上,满足了和

的双重要求。DNA由两条长链按方式盘旋成双螺旋。DNA分子中A和T分子数相等,G和C分子数相等,但A+T的量不一定等于G+C的量,这就是DNA碱基含量的法则。

9、细胞中DNA复制是以亲代的一条DNA链为模板,按照原则,合成另一条具有互补碱基的新链,复制出的DNA分子与亲代DNA完全相同,因此细胞中DNA的复制被称为。DNA 双螺旋的两条链是DNA复制模式的基础,复制时,在酶的作用下,两条链的碱基之间的断开,碱基出来,形成了两条模板链(),然后按照碱基互补配对原则,吸引含有互补碱基的核苷酸,最后相邻核苷酸的和之间形成,产生一条新链(子链)。DNA复制是一个合成过程。DNA复制过程使得亲代的传递给了子代,从而保持了前后代遗传信息的。

10、DNA作为携带遗传信息的生物大分子,通过一系列的过程,将遗传信息反映到上,由此可以看出,DNA具有和的双重功能:即一方面以自身为模板,半保留地进行复制,保持遗传信息的,另外一方面,根据它所储存的遗传信息决定。

11、RNA的合成(转录)需要有酶的催化,并且转录(是或不是)沿着整条DNA长链进行的。当RNA聚合酶与DNA分子的某一相结合时,包括的DNA 片段的双螺旋解开,以其中条链为模板,按照碱基互补配对原则,游离的与DNA模板链上的碱基配对,并通过

聚合成与该片段DNA相对应的RNA分子。、

12、RNA分为mRNA、、等种类。其中mRNA是行使

功能的。tRNA的功能是把运送到核糖体上,使之按照mRNA的信息指令连接起来形成蛋白质。这些RNA都是以DNA上的

为模板转录而来的。在真核生物中,细胞核内转录而来的RNA产物经过在的加工才能成为成熟的mRNA,然后通过转移到细胞质中,用于蛋白质的合成。

13、蛋白质的合成(翻译)是在上进行的。在电子显微镜下,其呈现

状,由大、小两个构成。在蛋白质合成时,

沿着的运行,氨基酸相继添加到上。具体的讲,核糖体mRNA上决定氨基酸种类的遗传密码(由3个相邻核苷酸排列成的

,决定一种氨基酸),选择相应的氨基酸,由对应的转运,加到延伸的肽链上。当核糖体到达mRNA的终止密码子时,多肽合成结束,核糖体脱离mRNA并进入下一个循环。多肽链合成时,在一个mRNA上有个核糖体同时工作,这种核糖体在一个mRNA分子上的多肽链合成方式,大大增加了。

基因形成以及mRNA被翻译为基因的蛋白质产物的过程都称为

14、除少数密码子外,生物界的遗传密码是统一的。组成蛋白质的氨基酸主要有种。在蛋白质的合成过程中,掺入到多肽链的氨基酸的种类由决定。

判断:除少数氨基酸只有1种遗传密码外,大多数氨基酸有两个以上遗传密码()

15、中心法则的要点是:遗传信息由传递到,然后由RNA决定蛋白质的特异性。是生物体性状的体现者。劳氏肉瘤病毒能以RNA为模板反向合成DNA单链,因为它们具有能够催化此反应过程的酶。综上所述,生物性状的遗传信息最初是由核酸中决定的。

高中生物必修课本原文填空

生物回归教材系列------必修3课本填空 第一章 1.生长素的化学本质,它是一种小分子有机物———,是在细胞内由合成的。 胚芽鞘感光部位: 弯曲部位: 产生生长素部位: 生长素分布集中的部位: 。生长素在尖端可以进行运输,从向光侧运向背光侧,也 可进行运输,从形态学上端运到形态学下端。 2.生长素促进生长原理是促进,但是具有,即低浓度促进生长,高浓度抑制生长;同一植物 不同器官对生长素敏感度不同,〉〉,不同植物敏感的不同:〉。 3。生长素及类似物在农业生产中有很多应用,如利用生长素促进果实发育原理可以生产无子果实,无子番茄属 于不可遗传变异,而利用多倍体育种获得无子西瓜属于可遗传变异。生长素还可以促进扦插枝条生根。 3.大多数情况下,不是单独一种激素起作用,而是多种激素的(它们的)控制着植物的 生长和发育。如果培养基中细胞分裂素和生长素的比例合适,愈伤组织就会分化出,细胞分裂素 太,只长茎叶不长根;生长素太多,;而当生长素少、细胞分裂素也不多时,则愈伤组织。 4.促进种子萌发,则抑制种子萌发,两者的作用是的。当水分供应良好时, 禾本科植物种子中的就会释放,以动员贮藏的养分,从而促进种子萌发,这时的作 用就显示不出来了。 5.植物生长物质有许多种用途,如促进种子萌发、促进生根、加速生长、抑制生长(特别是一些)、 引起无籽果实的形成(例如引起无籽番茄的形成和引起无籽葡萄的形成)、果实的催熟 ()、收获后农产品的储藏保鲜()等。 2,4-D用于种植禾谷类()类的田间,以杀除类杂草。 第二章内环境稳态及神经调节 1.细胞外液包括、和等。 2.汗液、尿液、消化液、泪液、唾液属于内环境吗体内几种特殊细胞生活的内环境 血细胞: 组织细胞: 淋巴细胞、吞噬细胞:

高中生物必修2课本原文填空(无答案)-精选学习文档

必修2课本原文填空 1.当细胞处于分裂期时,细胞核内的染色质经和,形成线状或棒状的小体即为染色体,它是的载体。因此,染色质和染色体是细胞中的两种形态2.染色体上着丝粒的位置,将染色体大致分为3 种类型,即染色体、染色体和染色体 3.根据基因的行为和染色体行为的一致性,科学家提出了的学说,即 学说。 4.染色体组型又称。将某种生物体细胞内的全部染色体,按进行、和所构成的图像,称为该生物的染色体组型。 5.从化学成分上讲,染色体由、和少量组成,其中蛋白质又分为和。 6、实验是证实DNA作为遗传物质的最早证据来源。S型肺炎双球菌在培养基上能长成光滑的,因为S型细菌的菌体外有,使菌体不易受到宿主正常防护机制的破坏。 7、遗传的基本功能单位—基因,就是一段有功能的,在大多数生物中是一段 ,而在RNA病毒中则是一段。RNA病毒有 8、DNA作为主要的遗传物质在分子结构和生物合成方式上,满足了和 的双重要求。DNA由两条长链按方式盘旋成双螺旋。DNA分子中A和T分子数相等,G和C分子数相等,但A+T的量不一定等于G+C的量,这就是DNA碱基含量的法则。 9、细胞中DNA复制是以亲代的一条DNA链为模板,按照原则,合成另一条具有互补碱基的新链,复制出的DNA分子与亲代DNA完全相同,因此细胞中DNA的复制被称为。DNA 双螺旋的两条链是DNA复制模式的基础,复制时,在酶的作用下,两条链的碱基之间的断开,碱基出来,形成了两条模板链(),然后按照碱基互补配对原则,吸引含有互补碱基的核苷酸,最后相邻核苷酸的和之间形成,产生一条新链(子链)。DNA复制是一个合成过程。DNA复制过程使得亲代的传递给了子代,从而保持了前后代遗传信息的。 10、DNA作为携带遗传信息的生物大分子,通过一系列的过程,将遗传信息反映到上,由此可以看出,DNA具有和的双重功能:即一方面以自身为模板,半保留地进行复制,保持遗传信息的,另外一方面,根据它所储存的遗传信息决定。 11、RNA的合成(转录)需要有酶的催化,并且转录(是或不是)沿着整条DNA长链进行的。当RNA聚合酶与DNA分子的某一相结合时,包括的DNA 片段的双螺旋解开,以其中条链为模板,按照碱基互补配对原则,游离的与DNA模板链上的碱基配对,并通过 聚合成与该片段DNA相对应的RNA分子。、 12、RNA分为mRNA、、等种类。其中mRNA是行使 功能的。tRNA的功能是把运送到核糖体上,使之按照mRNA的信息指令连接起来形成蛋白质。这些RNA都是以DNA上的 为模板转录而来的。在真核生物中,细胞核内转录而来的RNA产物经过在的加工才能成为成熟的mRNA,然后通过转移到细胞质中,用于蛋白质的合成。 13、蛋白质的合成(翻译)是在上进行的。在电子显微镜下,其呈现 状,由大、小两个构成。在蛋白质合成时, 沿着的运行,氨基酸相继添加到上。具体的讲,核糖体mRNA上决定氨基酸种类的遗传密码(由3个相邻核苷酸排列成的 ,决定一种氨基酸),选择相应的氨基酸,由对应的转运,加到延伸的肽链上。当核糖体到达mRNA的终止密码子时,多肽合成结束,核糖体脱离mRNA并进入下一个循环。多肽链合成时,在

外研社必修2课文改编语法填空

期末考试复习资料(四) 高一英语备课组编辑 语法填空 Passage 1 Zhou Kai is a healthy boy. His mother has always made sure they eat very _____1____(health). A lot of Zhou Kai’s school friends like sweets but he doesn’t have ____2____ sweet tooth. He would rather ___3_____(eat) a nice piece of fruit. As a result, he ____4_____(rare) gets colds. ____5_____ last week he had a bad cold and a bit ___6____ a fever. That’s ____7____ he played football in the rain. Two years ago he broke his arm ___8____(play) football, which made ____9____ unable to move his arm for a month. Football is ___10____ he is crazy about and he is a member of the Senior High team. Passage 2 Drugs are dangerous to people and we shouldn’t get in touch with them. Adam Rouse, who used to be ___1____(addict) to drugs, told us his story. He started by taking cannabis and then he began to smoke cocaine ___2_____ is a powerful drug. He was ___3_____ terrible pain because he did not have enough money to buy the drugs. Then he broke into a house and ____4____(steal) a television and a video recorder. He sold ___5___ to a shop in a nearby street and paid for the drugs. ____6____ drugs, he would feel great pain. One day, he __7_____(catch) by the police. The next day, ____8____ doctor came to tell him that he would die ______9___ he didn’t stop taking crack cocaine. So he stopped immediately and now is working in a centre, _____10___(help) others to stop taking drugs. Passage 3 Zhou Kai is a healthy boy. His mother has always made sure they eat very _____1____(health). A lot of Zhou Kai’s school friends like sweets but he doesn’t have ____2____ sweet tooth. He would rather ___3_____(eat) a nice piece of fruit. As a result, he ____4_____(rare) gets colds. ____5_____ last week he had a bad cold and a bit ___6____ a fever. That’s ____7____ he played football in the rain. Two years ago he broke his arm ___8____(play) football, which made ____9____ unable to move his arm for a month. Football is ___10____ he is crazy about and he is a member of the Senior High team. Passage 4 Zhou Kai is a happy and healthy boy in Senior High school. One day, when Zhou Kai’s mother saw him ___1_____(head) towards the front door without a jacket ___2____, she eyed him ____3____(anxious). Because it was raining, she was worried about him. She then asked him to take some clothes and Zhou Kai took the jacket ____4___ he was told. But he ____5____(catch) a bad cold, which is ___6_____(usual) for him. In fact, he is very fit and seldom gets colds. Last winter almost all ___7_____ calssmates got flu but he didn’t. His mother always cooks healthy food such as fish, fresh vegetables. They don’t have much fat ___8____ sugar. He is crazy ____9_____ football and he is ___10_____ member of the Senior High team. Passage 5 Zhou Kai is a very healthy boy in a Senior High school. His family avoid ____1____(eat) too much fat or sugar. So Zhou Kai seldom gets colds ___2_____ flu. A week ago, he had a bad cold and a bit of ____3____ fever because he was stupid enough ___4____(play) football in the rain.

高中生物必修二第三章

第三章基因的本质 第一节DNA是主要的遗传物质 一教材分析 (一) 内容与地位: "DNA是主要的遗传物质"一节,先联系前面所学的有关细胞学基础(有丝分裂,减数分裂和受精作用),阐明了染色体在前后代遗传中所起的联系作用,再通过对染色体化学成分分析得知,它的主要成分是DNA和蛋白质.那么,遗传物质是DNA还是蛋白质呢教材在此埋下伏笔,然后通过两个经典实验证明了DNA是遗传物质,最后列举少数生物只有 RNA而没有DNA的事实,得出"DNA是主要的遗传物质"这一结论. 本节内容在结构体系上体现了人们对科学概念的认识过程和方法,是进行探究式教学的极佳素材.在教学中,通过发挥教师的主导作用,优化课堂结构,妙用科学史实例,把知识的传授过程优化成一个科学的探究过程,让学生在探究中学习科学研究的方法,从而渗透科学方法教育. (二) 教学重点: ①肺炎双球菌转化实验的原理和过程. ②噬菌体侵染细菌实验的原理和过程. 教学难点: 肺炎双球菌转化实验的原理和过程. 二学情分析 1. 学生已经具备了有丝分裂,减数分裂和受精作用等细胞学基础,掌握了生物的生殖过程,染色体的化学组成,蛋白质与核酸的元素组成等相关知识,这为新知识的学习奠定了认知基础. 2. 高中学生具备了一定的认知能力,思维的目的性,连续性和逻辑性也已初步建立,但还很不完善,他们的心智还不能有效控制其行为冲动,对事物的探究有激情,但往往对探究的目的性及过程,结论的形成缺乏理性的思考. 三教学目标设计 1. 认知目标①了解遗传物质的主要载体②过肺炎双球菌的转化实验和噬菌体侵染细菌的实验,理解DNA是主要的遗传物质 2. 智能目标①通过模拟科学发现的过程,渗透科学研究的方法,培养学生科学探究的能力②通过对感性图文资料的学习,培养学生的信息处理能力③进一步培养学生分析,比较,推理,归纳等科学思维能力和解决实际问题的能力. 3. 情感目标①通过模拟科学发现的过程,培养学生实事求是的科学态度和不断探究的精神②进一步激发学生唯物辩证观的树立 教学方法设计以"自主性(主动性),探究性,合作性"为课堂学生学习的三个基本维度,以培养学生的科学素质为指导,以侧重科学方法教育为目标,本节课采用"探究—发现"教学模式,融合列举法,讨论法,比较法,归纳法等多种教学方法,并配以多媒体辅助教学,教师通过列举事例,引导学生模拟科学发现,进行分析,讨论,归纳和总结. "探究—发现"教学模式基本程序: 五教学过程概述 (一) 创设情境,设疑引入提供感性材料获得感知布惑①裕语:"种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆","龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠的儿子会打洞","一母生九仔,连母十个样" ▲生物有遗传和变异现象染色体的主要成分是DNA和蛋白质,究竟谁在遗传中起着决定性作用同学们,这节课我们以课本为学习材料,自己来探究和解决这一问题. ②(投影):伞藻的幼体相互嫁接的实验(图略) ▲伞藻顶端的形状是由细胞核内的遗传物质控制的③回顾有丝分裂,减数分裂及受精作用的过程▲染色体在生物遗传中具有重要作用 (二)探究活动之一:实验材料的探究●铺垫:选择合适的实验材料,这是科学研究取得成败的关键.无论是高等的,复杂的,还是低等的,简单的生物,它们共同具有的物质基础都是蛋白质和核酸. ●设疑:既然都含有蛋白质和核酸,你觉得选择什么样的生物做实验材料才合适●学生讨论:(略) ●学生探究:从真核生物,原核生物,病毒等生物类群来进行分析,比较,筛选最佳材料. ●教师点拔:越简单,越低等的生物,含有的物质越少,分析起来简便,快捷,干扰因素少,容易得出结论,并且误差小.病毒是最合适的实验材料,成分与染色体相似,在生殖过程中两种成分分开,生活史短,繁殖力强. (三) 模拟,探究,剖析 (1)肺炎双球菌的转化实验这一部分,让学生沿着科学家的思维轨迹,分析每一步实

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