宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语
宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语
（一）宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句之一，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可带有宾语从句。某些形容词（如：sure , happy , glad , certain , pleased等）之后也可以带有宾语从句。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句：that引导的是一个陈述句，在宾语从句中只起连接的作用，没有含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份，因而在口语和非正式场合常可以省略，这一点请大家区分一下引导定语从句的that，这两种情况是很不相同的，不可混淆。
eg.
I think that it is necessary for the people’s health to get rid of the pollution of noise .
我认为消除噪音污染对人们的健康是必要的。
Hearing that his son was badly wounded , he rushed to the hospital to see him .
他听说儿子受了重伤，急忙赶到医院去看望他。
The mother likes saying that she has a good daughter .
母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。
I am sure（that）she will like the present . 我确信她会喜欢这个礼物的。
We are glad（that）so many old friends will come to our party .
我们很高兴这么多老朋友要来参加我们的聚会。
The headmaster said that we would visit the science museum the next Sunday .
校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。
Our teacher of physics suggested that we（should）try to make some electronic toys ourselves .
我们的物理老师建议我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。
注意：在suggest，demand，order，insist等表示“要求；建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。
2. 由whether，if引导的宾语从句，它们引导的是一般疑问句，在从句中有含义（是否），不充当成份，不可以省去。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但有的情况下只能用whether，不可用if：
（1）当后接不定式时，只能用whether，不能用if。
（2）用于句首时不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。
（3）后面有or not时，只可以用whether，不能用if。
当然if还有“如果”之意，引导条件状语从句，而whether则无此功能。
eg.
I want to know whether（if）you can repair the recorder for me .
我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。
She asked whether（if）there were any chemist’s shops in this street .
她问这条街上有没有药房。
3. 由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引导的宾语从句。如：
Please tell me who came first this morning . 请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。
The reporter will talk to us about what he saw and heard in Japan .
这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。
The listeners were much interested in how the man became an artist .
听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。
Please show me which bus I should take to get to the People’s Park .
请您指点一下，我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。
I want to know whose pen is left on the table in the reading room .
我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。
Do you know where the museum is ? 你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗？
Please tell me when Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics .
请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。
Please explain to me why heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed .
请给我解释一下，为什么重的物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。
4. 宾语从句的时态：把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的，当主句为现在的时态时，从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态；当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去的一种时态，但此时要注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理，则仍使用一般现在时，不可换为过去时。另外，我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实，这时的从句应用过去时，但在口语或非正式的场合下，也有使用一般现在时的情况，正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时，说成He told me that his brother was a doctor yesterday .
5. 注意宾语从句的语序：在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序，而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。
6. 另外还要注意由what，where，how…引导的宾语从句，当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时可转换成“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句形式。如：
I am not sure which sweater I should choose . = I am not sure which sweater to choose .
（二）初谈直接引语与间接引语
1. 概述：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。如：
John said , “ I am going to London next week . ” 约翰说：“下周我将要去伦敦。”
She said , “ We have enough time to finish the work . ”
她说：“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。”
说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更动，这叫做间接引语。如：
John said that he was going to London the next week . 约翰说他下周要去伦敦。
She said that they had enough time to finish the work .
她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
2. 各种句式的变化：
（1）陈述句：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化。如：He said to me , “ I broke your CD player . ” →He told me that he had broken my CD player .
She said , “ I’ll go there tomorrow . ” →She said that she would come here the next / following day .
He sai d , “ These books are mine . ” →He said that those books were his .
She said , “ I’ll come here this afternoon . ” →She said that she would go there that afternoon .
He said , “ Light travels much faster than sound . ” →He said that light travels much faster than sound .
（注意：直接引语若是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变）
（2）疑问句：
①一般疑问句：要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him或us等）。如：
He said , “ Are you interested in English ? ” →He asked（me）if I was interest in English .
②特殊疑问句：仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：
“What can I do for you ? ” he asked me . →He asked（me）what he could do for me .
③祈使句：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是：tell / ask / order sb.（not）to do sth.。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：
“ Make sure the door is shut , ” she s aid to her little son . →She told her little son to make sure the door was shut .
“ Don’t smoke in the room , ” he said to me . →He told me not to smoke in the room .
【典型例题】
[例1] —I think it’s going to be a big problem . （2002北京春季）
—Yes , it could be .
—I wonder we can do about it .
A. if
B. how
C. what
D. that
答案：选择C。
评析：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题，根据题意，需要一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的宾语的词。因此C为正确选择。
[例2] Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see .（2000上海）
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
答案：D
评析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时，要用代词it，不用she或he。
[例3] Quite a few people used to believe that disaster if a mirror was broken .（2002上海）
A. was sure of striking
B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck
D. was sure to strike
答案：D
评析：本句意为“过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。”用be sure to do
的句型，此处的strike为不及物动词。
[例4] —What does she want ? —I don’t know what .
A. does she want
B. did she want
C. she wanted
D. she wants
答案：D
评析：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、B，而由问句的时态及主句的时态判断应为一般现在时，故选D。
[例5] I don’t know if she . But if she , I’ll let you know .
A. will come , comes
B. will come , will come
C. comes , comes
D. comes , will come
答案：选择A
评析：if可引导两种从句，宾语从句（第一个if）和条件状语从句（第二个if），宾语从句时态由主句决定，而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求，故选A。
【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. Great Wall is longest wall in the world .
A. The , the
B. A , a
C. The , a
D. A , the
2. —Is this your bedroom ?
—No , it’s room .
A. the children
B. the children’s
C.of the children
D. a childrens’
3. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam（三峡大坝）should be higher than downstream（下游）.
A. sixty-five meter
B. sixty-fifth meter
C. sixty-five meters
D. sixty-fifth meters
4. He spoke very fast and very people understood what he said .
A. little
B. a little
C. few
D. a few
5. children there are in a family , their life will be .
A. The less , the better
B. The fewer , the better
C. Fewer , richer
D. More , poorer
6. —did you like the trip to Hainan ?
—It was wonderful .
A. When
B. How
C. Where
D. What
7. Taiwan is the southeast of China .
A. in
B. to
C. on
D. at
8. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning .
A. while
B. when
C. as
D. so
9. —I take some photos in the hall ?
—No , you .
A. Can , needn’t
B. Must , mustn’t
C. Could , won’t
D. May , mustn’t
10. You’d better to send me an email when you get home .
A. not to forget
B. don’t forget
C. to not forget
D. not forget
11. How about to the cinema on Sunday ?
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. will go
12. When I was at college I three foreign languages , but I all except for a few words of each .
A. spoke , had forgotten
B. spoke , have forgotten
C. had spoken , had forgotten
D. had spoken , have forgotten
13. The police found that the house and a lot of things .
A. has broken into , has been stolen
B. had broken into , had been stolen
C. has been broken into , stolen
D. had been broken into , had been stolen
14. Our foreign teacher will go back for Christmas . We will go and her at the airport tomorrow .
A. say hello to
B. say sorry to
C. say goodbye to
D. say excuse to
15. Mary’s brother had a talk at school yesterday afternoon , ?
A. had he
B. hadn’t he
C. did he
D. didn’t he
16. Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow .
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
17. —Mum ? May I go out and play basketball ?
—you your homework yet ?
A. Do , finish
B. Are , finishing
C. Did , finish
D. Have , finished
18. —Excuse me , to the nearest bookshop , please ?
—Go straight and take the second turning on the left .
A. where the way is
B. which the way is
C. where is the way
D. which is the way
19. —This dress was last year’s style .
—I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year .
A. so that
B. even though
C. as if
D. ever since
20. There’s someone at the door . Can you go and see who is ?
A. he
B. she
C. that
D. it
21. That’s the only thing can’t be forgotten in my life .
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. /
22. “ Nightingal Prize ” is for .
A. workers
B. scientists
C. doctors
D. nurses
23. —I’m sorry . I mistook you for Lucy .
—.
A. Not at all
B. I’m sorry , too
C. It’s a pleasure
D. That’s all right
24. —Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon .
—. go together ?
A. So I do , Why don’t
B. So do I , What about
C. So I will , How about
D. So will I , Shall we
综合练习（二）
1. I hope you’ll have good time at party .
A. a , /
B. an , the
C. a , a
D. a , the
2. The market isn’t far from here . It’s only bicycle ride .
A. half an hours’
B. half an hour’s
C. half an hour
D. an hour and a half
3. I was 8 years old when my father was 31 . This year my father is twice my age . How old am
I ?
A. 21.
B. 22.
C. 23.
D. 24.
4. —Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy ?
—I’ll buy of them , so I can give one to my friend , Helen .
A. either
B. neither
C. all
D. both
5. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise .
A. fewer , more
B. more , less
C. little , much
D. less , more
6. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake .
A. something strange
B. anything strange
C. strange something
D. strange anything
7. , China will send up a spaceship with people into space .
A. Before long
B. So for
C. From then on
D. Long before
8. The book was so interesting that he read it for three hours he realized it .
A. when
B. until
C. after
D. before
9. —Where’s Bob ?
—He has gone to Paris with his sister . He be back in two weeks .
A. has to
B. will
C. should
D. must
10. —Hello ! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight ?
—I’m sorry I can’t . Mother won’t me to go out in the evening .
A. let
B. allow
C. offer
D. ask
11. Betty was heard in her bedroom .
A. sing
B. sings
C. singing
D. sang
12. —Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ?
—I , but I had an unexpected visitor .
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D. did
13. The Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921 .
A. was found
B. found
C. was founded
D. founded
14. The young man broke his arm in the accident and had to his job .
A. send up
B. put up
C. give up
D. get up
15. My uncle the Party in 1970 . He for over 28 years .
A. joined , has joined the Party
B. joined , has been a Party member
C. has joined , has been in the Party
D. has joined , is in the Party
16. There will be a volleyball match in our school , ?
A. be there
B. is there
C. will there
D. won’t there
17. —What’s on the plate ?
—There some bread on it .
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
18. The scientist knows two languages . He can speak English French .
A. either , or
B. neither , nor
C. both , and
D. so , that
19. Could you tell me ?
A. which room he lives
B. which room he lived
C. which room did he live in
D. which room he lives in
20. No matter busy he is , he won’t give up his hobby .
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. who
21. In the street I met the scientist gave us a talk last week .
A. he
B. which
C. who
D. what
22. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on .
KEEP IN A COLD PLACE
A. food
B. money
C. clothes
D. books
23. —Would you like some more chicken ?
—. I’m full .
A. Yes , please
B. No , thanks
C. Yes , I would
D. No , I wouldn’t
24. —Who is singing in the next room ?
—is Mary’s sister .
A. This
B. She
C. He
D. It
综合练习（三）
1. I like playing football and my sister likes playing piano .
A. / , the
B. / , /
C. the , the
D. a , the
2. Last night , there was a food accident . Ten were ill , but no were lost .
A. child , lives
B. children , life
C. children , lives
D. child , life
3. The doctor worked for after twelve o’clock .
A. two more hours
B. two another hour
C. more two hours
D. another two hour
4. —When shall we meet again next time ?
—day is OK .
A. Either
B. Neither
C. None
D. Any
5. Would you please say it ? I still can’t follow you .
A. loudly
B. slowly
C. more loudly
D. more slowly
6. —shall we meet in the park ?
—What about half past eight ?
A. What
B. When
C. Where
D. Which
7. Either Bob or Peter watching the 17th World Cup now .
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
8. You will be able to get good marks .
A. while you are doing your homework by yourself
B. if you do some revision every day
C. before you begin to study hard
D. until you follow your teachers’ advice
9. —Don’t forget to post this letter for me , please .
—No , I .
A. don’t
B. won’t
C. mustn’t
D. can’t
10. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one .
A. to paying
B. to pay
C. not to pay
D. rather than pay
11. Kate spent most of her free time TV plays .
A. watch
B. watched
C. to watch
D. watching
12. Great changes in my home town since liberation .
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
13. The water will be further polluted unless some measures .
A. will be taken
B. are taken
C. were taken
D. had been taken
14. They the newspaper when I went into their room .
A. were reading
B. are reading
C. have read
D. will read
15. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but the couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .
A. looked over
B. looked after
C. looked for
D. looked at
16. There is little milk in the bottle , ?
A. isn’t it
B. is it
C. isn’t there
D. is there
17. —Do you know where my teacher lives ?
—She lives 150 Kenming Road .
A. at , in
B. at , on
C. on , at
D. in , at
18. —, how many books have you read ?
—. Because I’m busy these days .
A. Last year , A few
B. So far , Few
C. Two days later , So many
D. Last week , Many a few
19. —I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term .
—Really ? Do you know ?
A. what subject does he teach
B. what subject will he teach
C. what subject he teaches
D. what subject is he going to teach
20. Tom will come to see us he is free tomorrow .
A. if
B. until
C. while
D. as
21. The police caught the man stole my handbag .
A. he
B. that
C. whom
D. which
22. English people use Mr. before a man’s first name .
A. never
B. usually
C. often
D. sometimes
23. —I’ve got two tickets for the football match . Would you like to come with me ?
—. When shall we start ?
A. You are welcome
B. No , thanks
C. I’d love to
D. Excuse me
24. If you see a sign with “ No photos ” on it , you.
A. can take photos
B. should just look at the photos
C. can’t take photos
D. should take some photos away
【试题答案】
综合练习（一）
1—5 ABCCB 6—10 BABDD 11—15 CBDCD 16—20 CDDBD
21—24 ADDD
综合练习（二）
1—5 DBCDB 6—10 AADBB 11—15 CCCCB 16—20 DACDB
21—24 CABD
综合练习（三）
1—5 ACADD 6—10 BABBD 11—15 DCBAA 16—20 DBBCA
21—24 BACC
【试题分析】
综合练习（一）
4. 选C。意为“他说得太快以致于很少/几乎没人能听懂他说了什么。”修饰可数名词用（a）few，表示否定含义，没有“a”，故为few（选C）。
13. 选D。句子意为“房子被（人）闯进来了，东西被偷走了”，因此从句中用被动语态，而宾语从句主句的过去时，决定了从句时态也应为过去的时态，故选D。
综合练习（二）
19. 选D。宾语从句引导词后的句子应为陈述句（主+谓）的语序，故C不对，又因为live 此处为不及物动词，需补加介词in，故选D。
24. 选D。由于从声音一般不易判断出人的性别，故都用it来代，又如敲门声，说话声，笑声等等。
综合练习（三）
19. 选C。宾语从句用陈述句语序，故A、B、D都不对，C为正确选项。
21. 选B。先行词为the man，应用指人的关系词that或who（m），关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可用whom，故选B。
【初中英语】宾语从句知识点(大全)(1)
必备英语【初中英语】宾语从句知识点(大全) 一、初中英语宾语从句 1．—We can use VQR code（二维码） to find information on the cell phone now. —Really? Can you show me _____________it’? A．how I can use B．how can I use C．why can I use D．what I can use 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：--我们现在可以在手机上使用二维码找到信息。--真的吗？你能教我如何使用它吗？根据Can you show me ，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项BC是疑问句语序，排除掉．再根据Can you show me it，可知这里有it，所以宾语从句的引导词不能再有what．故选A。 2．-Excuse me. Could you please tell me ____________? -Sure. There’s a bookstore on River Road. A．where I can get a dictionary B．if is there a bookstore on River Road C．where can I get a dictionary D．how could I get a dictionary 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——打扰了。你能告诉我，我在哪里能买到一本词典吗？——当然可以。在沿江路上有一家书店。where I can get a dictionary我在哪里可以买到一本词典，if is there a bookstore on River Road在沿江路是否有一家书店，where can I get a dictionary 我在哪里可以买到一本词典. how could I get a dictionary我如何能买到一本词典。根据There’s a bookstore on River Road.可知此处询问地点，作为动词tell的宾语从句，故用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语，故选A。 3．---The light in the professor’s lab was still on at 11:00 o’clock. Do you know ? ---maybe at midnight again. A．how long has he worked B．why does he stay up so late C．if he is busy studying D．when he stopped working 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意“-教授实验室的灯仍然亮着，你知道他什么时候停止工作吗？-可能再一次到半夜”。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A和B；且根据maybe at midnight again可知，应问“他何时停止工作”，故选D。 4．一Why does Jane seem worried?
间接引语详解
人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。 1、引语转换时的句式变化 不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。（1）陈述句的间接引语 将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。 He s aid, “I caught[k?:t] a cold yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天感冒了。” →He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before. 他说他前天感冒了。 Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams[iɡ’z?m].” 海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。” →Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams. 海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
例题： He says,“I like singing and I want to be a singer.” 他说:“我喜欢唱歌,我想当歌手。” →He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer.他说他喜欢唱歌,想当歌手。 在此种情况下,引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略,以免误解。 （2）疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。 ①一般疑问句的间接引语 直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导。 I asked him, “Are you satisfied[’s?t?s'fa?d]with the results[ri'z ?lt]?” 我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？” I asked him whether / if he was satisfied with the results. 我问他对这结果是否满意。 “Did you go to the British ['br?t??]Museum yesterday?” asked Kate. 凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？” Kate asked me whether / if I had gone to the British Museum the day before. 凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。 The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?” 那位老人跟一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。” The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel. 那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。 ②选择疑问句的间接引语
初中英语宾语从句知识点大全(总5页)
初中英语宾语从句知识点大全-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除
初中英语宾语从句知识点大全 宾语从句是初中英语中很重要的语法项目，是学生英语学习的重点更是教与学的难点。我们从初一就开始接触到了宾语从句，但有关宾语从句的知识很零散、很复杂，它不是独立存在的，而是与其他知识有很大的关联，因此很难通过几句话说明白。由于无法系统学习，因此它一直困扰着学生的学习和教师的教学。宾语从句知识涉及到词（助动词、疑问词、行为动词、引导词等）、多种时态、句子类型（肯定句、否定句、疑问句、语序、简单句、复合句）、同义句、被动语态等多方面知识的综合能力的考查。因此宾语从句更是中考试题中倍受青睐的考试内容，出现频率高、考点众多、分值大、题型多样。为了帮助同学们更好的掌握宾语从句，现将宾语从句的有关知识进行全面总结，并通过口诀的形式帮助记忆。希望对于平时的学习尤其对于毕业班教师以及学生的中考复习起到一定的帮助作用，使学生能够快速、准确做题，达到事半功倍的效果。 一、概念：宾语是由一个句子来充当，这个句子就称作宾语从句。 I think he is a good student . 二、可接宾语从句的动词有say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等，或由形容词构成的系表结构，如：afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等 I hope that our team will win the match . I am sure that I can pass the English exam easily . 三、宾语从句的标点符号。 宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句，如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号，如果主句是疑问句，句尾用问号。 I don’t know what his na me is . Do you know which school he studies in 四、引导词。 1、that （从句是肯定句时，引导词用that ，它本身无词义，不充当成分，在口语中可省略，但在正式场合不可省。）
完整版直接引语变间接引语及宾语从句讲解
A 重庆戴氏高考?中考学校（白帝城校区）主讲人：李老师 英语语法复习 直接引语变间接引语语法讲解 一、人称 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. My“ brother wan ts to go with me. ” f She saidher brother wan ted to go with her. 二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称， 或被第二人你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?" f He asked Kate howher sister was the n. 第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，Jack is a good worker. ” f Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 、时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。 1.She said. haVe lost a pen. ” f She said s h ad lost a pen. （现在完成g过去完成） 2.She said. hop e so. ” f She said thhyped so. （一般现在g —般过去） 3.She said, wHle go to see his friend ” f She said hewould go to see his friend. 一般将来 f 过去将来） 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不 变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如：“The^arth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth ” , the teacher told me. f The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said, “Jw h n^re were you going when I met you in the street? f Jack asked Johnwhere he was going whe n he met him in the street. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said, “was born on April 20, 1980. ” f Xiao Wan g said hewas born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接弓I 语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morningf He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had
高中必修一直接引语变间接引语详解
高中必修一直接引语变间 接引语详解 Jenny was compiled in January 2021
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”（直接引语）→?Hesaidthathewasastudent.（间接引语） 主句从句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth." Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth. (三)． 时间状 语变化
★(四)．连接词? 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
宾语从句用法详解
宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富) 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 1. that引导 We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。 I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。 We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。 The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。 2. whether / if引导 I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didn’t kno w whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。 He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 She did n’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。 3. 连接代词引导 I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。 You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。 Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。 4. 连接副词引导
【初中英语】 宾语从句章节知识点总结及练习测试题含答案解析
【初中英语】宾语从句章节知识点总结及练习测试题含答案解析 一、初中英语宾语从句 1．—We can use VQR code（二维码） to find information on the cell phone now.—Really? Can you show me _____________it’? A．how I can use B．how can I use C．why can I use D．what I can use 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：--我们现在可以在手机上使用二维码找到信息。--真的吗？你能教我如何使用它吗？根据Can you show me ，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项BC是疑问句语序，排除掉．再根据Can you show me it，可知这里有it，所以宾语从句的引导词不能再有what．故选A。 2．—I’m sorry about yesterday. —Don’t worry about it. It’s never just one person’s fault. We should think abo ut______better next time. A．how can we do it B．how we can do it C．how can they do it D．how they can do it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——昨天我很抱歉。——不用担心。它永远不只是一个人的错。我们应该考虑下一次如何做得更好。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，AC都是疑问句语序，可排除。It’s never just one person’s fault. 不只是一个人的错，意思是“我们大家都有责任”；根据句意语境，可知they不合句意，故选B。 3．—I'm going to give a talk on the Dragon Boat Festival to the exchange students. —Great! But don't forget to tell them __________. A．what should they eat at the festival B．what kind of race is often held C．why people enjoy the full moon D．how do people celebrate it 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：――我要给交换生们作一份有关端午节的报告。――好极了。但是不要忘了告诉他们：A.whatshouldtheyeatatthefestival.他们在节日里应该吃什么； B.whypeopleenjoythefullmoon为什么人们喜欢圆月； C.whatkindofraceisoftenheld经常举行的什么比赛； D.Howdopeoplecelebrateit人们怎样庆祝。宾语从句需要用陈述句语序，可以排除掉A、D,再根据常识可知龙舟节跟欣赏满月没有关系，排除掉C，所以正确答案选B。
直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案)
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习 一．讲解： 在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点： 1．引导词（连词） ①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正 式文体中常省略e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was a doctor. ②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略 e.g “Are you English?” He asked m e→He asked me if I was English. ③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He asked m e→He asked me how old I was. 二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g. She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted. He asked me ,“Do you like English?”→He asked me if I liked English. 三．时态的变化： 1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本 原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过 去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg: ① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary. ② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing. ③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave a message on his desk. 2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾 语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “Light travels faster than sound. ”→He said that light travels faster than sound. 四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。 五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。 ( )1.He said that he ________speak a little English when he was five. A is able to B able C could D can ( )2.Please tell me where _______have our picnic tomorrow。 A we will B will we C you are D will you ( )3.Did you hear________ clearly? A what he said B what he says C what did he say D how did he said ( )4.He wanted to know why _______up late. A did she get B she got C does she get D she gets ( )5.Could you tell me ________from your house to the factory? A how far it is B it is how far C how far it was D how far is it ( )6.Could you tell me if it _________ tomorrow? A rain B will rain C raining D rains ( )7.Tom asked me ________ English. A if I likes B if I liked C that I like D that I liked ( )8.Our teacher told us the earth ________around the sun. A goes B go C went D going ( )9.Do you remember what________________ when I came in? A Tom is doing B Tom was doing C is Tom doing D was Tom doing ( )10.He asked how many pictures_______。 A did they draw B do they draw C they will draw D they would draw ( )11.They asked if the teacher ________them some songs the next week. A would teach B had taught C will teach D taught ( )12.He asked me if I ________in Shanghai. A live B lived C is living D will live Ⅱ．句型转换。 1. I don’t know what to say. I don’t know ________ ________ ________ ________. 2. “What’s your favorite color” she asked me. She asked me what ________ favorite color _________. 3. “What are you doing?” Jim asked me. Jim asked me ________ ________ ________ __________. 4 Tom said to me, “You are a good student.” Tom told me ________ ________ ________ a good student. 5He said , “I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.” He said that he ________ ________ to the Great Wall _______ ________ ______. 6“Do you like playing football.” She asked me. She asked me ________ ________ ________ playing football. 7“I can’t work out this math problem.” Tom said. Tom said that ________ ________ work out ____________ math problem. 8 He asked Jim, “ Where does your pen pal come from?” He asked Jim __________ __________ pen pal __________ from. 9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill?” Mary asked Gina _________ ________ __________ ill. 10. Tom said to me , “Pass the ball to me.” Tom ________me ________ ________ the ball to _________.
宾语从句详细讲解(整理)
宾语从句讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句有“四看”： 一看连接词； 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连接词原句句式 that（无词义，在口语中常可省略）陈述句（原句是陈述句） if,whether（是否，不可省略）一般疑问句（原句是一般疑问句） who,whom,which,what,when,where,why,how 特殊疑问句（原句是特殊疑问句）连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever） 在句中有词义，并且充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。 连接副词(where,when,how,why)在句中有词义，并且充当从句的状 语。 例句：I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. =I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语) 我想知道他正在写什么给我们。 We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语) 我们从不知道他是做什么的。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语) 他不确定他该买哪件衣服。 I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语) 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 Could you tell me where Tom has gone?（where在从句中作地点状语） 你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗？ I want to know when you can finish the work.（when在从句中作时间状语） 我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。 二看时态：主从句时态要一致。主句为现在时态，从句可用任何时态；主句若为过去时态， 从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
【初中英语】宾语从句X知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)含答案解析
【初中英语】宾语从句X知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)含答案解析 一、初中英语宾语从句 1．I didn't know . A．when would the train arrive B．where could I get the book C．what has been done D．who left the message 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意:我不知道谁留的言。根据句意可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应该使用陈述语序，故A和B不对；这个题干中谓语动词部分didn’t know 使用的是一般过去时态，故宾语从句中也应该用过去时态，故C不对，它是现在完成时。故选D。 考点：考查宾语从句。 2．—Well done! You did very well in the final exam. Could you please tell me ________?—Sure. I listened to the teacher carefully and did lots of exercises. A．which is the best way to improve my grade B．how did you deal with to get the good marks C．what you did to get the good marks 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意“-干的漂亮，你在期末考试中做得很好。你能告诉我你做什么来取得好成绩的吗？-好的，我认真听老师讲课并且做了许多练习”。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A和B，且根据I listened to the teacher carefully and did lots of exercises可知，表示“做什么来取得好成绩”，故选C。 3．--- I am a new reader. Could you tell me ? --- Certainly. Two weeks, and you can renew them. A．how long can I keep the book? B．how long I can keep the books C．when should I return the books D．when I should return the books 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我是一个新读者，请你告诉我这本书我可以借多久吗？当然了，两周，你也可以续借。根据句意，结合答语中的内容为时间段，结合renew提示，所以引导词用how long。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，而A、C为疑问句语序，故选B. 点睛：宾语从句主要注意三个方面：语序（从句要用陈述句语序）；时态（一般情况主句时一般现在时，从句根据需要选择时态；主句时过去时态，从句用相应的过去时态。）；引导词（引导词的选用往往要根据答语来确定） 4．—Excuse me, could you tell me ______? —Sorry, sir. I wasn’t there at that time.
直接引语变间接引语超级经典归纳
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语）→ He said that he was a student. （间接引语）主句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词， 其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化. （一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
(三) ★(四)．连接词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that 或将that 省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if 或whether 。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
最新直接引语变间接引语口诀详解(附练习)
直接引语变间接引语 口诀 人称，时态，状语始终变 一主二宾三不变 时态向后退一格 状语变化见表格 陈述that 可省略 一般疑问用if(whether) 特殊疑问去助动 以上语序为陈述 祈使句选动词（tell,ask,order，beg） 将它改为不定式 详解 人称变化 一主She said. "My brother wants to go with me tomorrw. "→ She said her brother wanted to go with her the next day. 二宾Jack said to me,“You look worried today.” Jack told me that I looked worried that day. 三不变The teacher asked,”Has she read enough this week?” The teacher asked if she had read enough that week. 陈述that 可省略 She said. "I have a pen."→She said that she had a pen. She asked me , “ what is it?” →She asked me what it was. 一般疑问用if(whether) She asked me , “Do you like watching TV? ” → She asked me whether I liked w watching TV. 特殊疑问去助动 They asked: “ where do you come from?”→ They asked where you came from. 附表： 时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和动词的变化：
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解.
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解 一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下： 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He s aid that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told 改为had told) He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my） 2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He sa id that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。”→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。” →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。