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一、具体说来，学生书面表达中主要存在以下问题。

1、时态误用

主要表现在两方面：1)学生写作之前没有判断整篇文章主要用哪种时态，常出现该用一般现在时的句子，用了一般过去时;而该用将来时的句子，用了完成时。2)时态构成表达错误。由于学生对各种时态掌握不好，常常将所学的各种时态混淆，以致出现如下的错误如，im go to school by bike. he told some children that there are some places of interest in beijing.

2、汉语式英语

由于受汉语的影响，再加上对英语句子结构掌握不好，导致学常常按汉语的词序来翻译句子，在学生的作文中常常见到这样的句子： you can be bus. in china have different places of interest. in autumn is best season for traveling.

3、逻辑错误

在做书面表达的过程中，有的学生一拿到考题慌慌张张开始写，在写作之前没有构思好先写什么后写什么，哪些内容应该详写，哪些内容应该略写，而是一边写一边构思，从而导致整个文章逻辑不清，层次感不强，整篇文章不知所云。

4、单词拼写错误

由于部分学生平时不注意记忆单词，基础知识掌握不牢固，所以在文章中常出现单词拼写错误如，september 写为 septber because 写为 beacause 。

5. 缺少衔接

有些学生虽然在词汇运用书面表达方面能够达到基本要求，但由于句子之间没有添加适当的衔接成分，使句子之间和文段之间缺乏必要的过渡和连贯，影响了信息的传递和表达效果。

6、文体不对

中学阶段要求学生掌握的文体主要有说明文、记叙文、议论文和应用文，其中应用文又包括通知、请假条、书信和电子邮件等，由于一些学忽视了各种体裁的写作特点，从而导致文章体裁格式不正确如：将写信的日期写在信末;写请假条不写署名等。

(一)、夯实基础，循序渐进

1、掌握五种基本句型

首先要让学生掌握和运用好英语的五种基本句型，因为所有的英语句子都是这5种句型的扩展和延伸。

2、赋予所表达所需的时态

动词的时态变化是英语区别汉语的一大特点，因此教师应对初中阶段的各种时态加以讲解并加以强化训练，让学生彻底搞清楚各种时态的含义及用法。

3、强化单词短语的记忆和句型的应用

单词和短语是句子的重要组成部分，因此教师要特别重视词句等语言基础。要通过完成句子、联系延伸、造句等方法，让学生熟记所学单词短语，不断扩大他们的词汇量。

4、了解各种体裁，进行专题训练

教师应把文章的各种体裁给学生详细加以讲授，并针对各种体裁进行相应的写作练习。

(二)、正确引导，规范教学

教师要指导学生对题目所提供的信息要认真分析整理，使之更加条理化，为开始动笔做好前期准备。还要让学生搞清楚所提供的题目是要求写短文、日记还是便条等，以根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式、风格各异的文章。在这个阶段教师要充分估计到学生可能产生的差错和出现的问题，尽量将其消灭在萌芽状态。2. while-writing: 在这一阶段学生所犯的错误有两个①逐句逐句汉译英②受汉语的干扰，写出汉语式的英语句子，教师应指导学生避免犯这两个错误。3. post-writing：在这一过程中教师应指导学生全面检查全文，看看是否

存在下列的问题：格式、拼写、标点、扣题，不规范英文、时态、语态、主谓一致、大小写等用法错误或使用不当。正确的指导和规范训练对培养学生良好的学习和写作习惯举足轻重。

(三)科学批改、及时讲评

教师的评改对学生写作水平的提高也有很大影响，教师的评改要及时，也需要技巧。对普遍出现的问题要在课堂上讲解、分析、讨论来加以解决;个别问题则要以面批或让学生互评方式解决。教师在批改的过程中，应避免告诉学生答案，而采用简单符号或标记，让学生自己动手改错后再给老师看。学生通过动脑和动手改正错误，印象会更加深刻，从而使写作能力提高更快。

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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.360docs.net/doc/cf12970307.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）导读：英语四级写作常出现的问题，及解决办法，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念，学会遣词造句，词汇的准确性，当不会写，或者写不好的时候，要想写好作文，题材不同，思路不同...... “折戟沉沙铁为消，自将磨洗认前朝。”每次大学英语四级考试，许多考生总会在这场“无硝烟的战斗”中饱受煎熬。他们总会存在这样一个问题，四级考试为什么这么难，什么原因导致自己总是通不过四级考试，又该如何提高英语成绩，如何通过大学英语四级考试(CET-4)。特别是对于很多学艺术的同学而言，能否顺利通过四级考试将直接关系到他们的保研资格与前途。针对以上问题，我特意写了这篇文章，通过教学与实践，对考生存在的问题以及解决方法作全面地解剖，希望对各位考生能够有所帮助。四级考试从1987年以来已经走过了23个年头。2006年6月实行新四级考试，12月份开始全国将全面推行新四级考试。对于新四级考试，我们可以清楚地看到，虽然考试难度较之以前有所偏易，但是考试本身对于英语的全面考察却是加强了。来源：上考试大网校，考试轻松过关新四级考试，题型分为写作、快速阅读、听力、基本阅读、选词填空、完型填空和汉译英。就我个人而言，写作、听力和阅读(快速阅读和基础阅读)是重点，因此考生对于这三部分的得分多少，将直接决定着其考试分数的高低。下面就让我们依次来解析一下。第一、写作。 (一)存在问题 1.不会写所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说;二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。 2.写不好所谓写不好就是，拿过作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌;或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作，不符合英语写作标准，近而没有文采。原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯;第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。

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