英语演讲与辩论是英语语言综合能力的体现

英语演讲与辩论是英语语言综合能力的体现
英语演讲与辩论是英语语言综合能力的体现

英语演讲与辩论是英语语言综合能力的体现。随着英语风行全球及国际间往来的频繁,人们用英语发表演说或进行辩论的机会越来越多:正式的学术报告,外国友人的宴会,各级各类的演讲与辩论比赛,等等。英语演讲与辩论是学生必须掌握的基本技能,理应在学校教育中受到重视。《普通高中英语课程标准》(实验)在语言技能目标(八级)中有这样的表述:“能经过准备就一般话题作3钟演讲。”九级的目标描述是:“能经过准备就一些专题作5-10分钟演讲,并回答有关提问。”英语演讲与辩论不仅是一个选修课模块,也可作为常规课堂教学的一种方法,用以训练学生的口语表达能力。演讲与辩论不同于一般的口语交际,有其特殊性,教师必须更加灵活地控制课堂,以便最大限度地发挥学生现有的语言交际能力,同时也为他们创造更多的学习机会,克服各种障碍,积极参与。教师也应努力营造一种宽容,友善的课堂气氛,使学生的演讲与辩论活动不受到正确或错误的评判。此外,教师还应积极引导,鼓励学生的主动参与,使每个学生在活动中都能得到锻炼。要以学生为主体,教师作活动的设计者、学生目标的引导者和学习群体的协调者。同时,教师也要提高自身的素质,不仅要有扎实的英语专业知识、熟练的专业技能、较强的课堂组织能力,还要有演讲与辩论的示范能力,掌握新课程理念,不断改进教学方法。

课堂上提供与生活息息相关的话题,让学生畅所欲言,让学生在轻松的环境下发挥创意,表达所思所想。通过一系列语言技巧的训练,不仅活用英语知识,更可以增强学生的自信心,学会用自信、清晰而稳定的声调表达自己的心声,勇敢地发表意见。

活动多样、形式新颖、互动性强。学生通过二人组合练习、小组讨论、大组汇报、复述、表演、采访等富有创造型的语言实践活动,交流信息,解决问题,进行思想沟通,逐步达到英语表达准确与流利的结合,内容与形式的统一。

英语课堂演讲是一个好方法,但在具体操作中,需注意以下几点:

第一、学为主体与教为主导的和谐一致

课堂演讲是一种独立的、创造性的语言实践活动。它要求学生自主分析、想象、组织和口头表达,教师不能代替。这就决定了学生在课堂演讲中的主体地位。而课堂演讲因其难度大而又单调,没有正确的引导,很难收到理想的效果。这就决定了教师在课堂演讲活动中的主导地位。因此,在课堂教学演讲活动中,教师

不仅要发挥学生的主体作用,更应创造一切条件,帮助学生扫除表达中和心理上的障碍,调动学生参与的积极性,使演讲活动开展得有声、有色、有趣、有效。

第二、已知材料和信息差距巧妙结合

课堂演讲的目的之一是让学生根据所学在一个假想情景中练习口语。所以,运用课本语言材料进行演讲是课堂演讲的必要一环。但是,仅仅运用已知材料进行演讲,讲者没有传递信息的动机,听者也没有接受信息的动力,即无信息差距要填补。没有信息差距,课堂演讲就会因成为机械而枯燥的语言操练而失去交际的意义,就会因起不到开发学生的思维、提高学生交际能力的作用而失去活力。因此,教师在供给学生话题时,必须考虑到将已知材料和信息差距巧妙地融合起来,使课堂演讲成为真正的交际活动。

第三、容忍错误和纠正错误有机地统一

犯错误的过程是学习者在学习过程中依靠认识能力大胆实验和探索的过程,是语言习得中的一种必然现象。高中生因受自身认知水平所限,在课堂演讲这项对他们各种能力要求极高的活动中所犯错误会远比在其它活动中所犯错误更多。但课堂演讲是以口头传递信息为手段促进学生各项能力为目的的,所以,教师要区别对待不同性质的错误。如学生的错误妨碍了交际意义的正常进行时,教师要给予适时的引导或纠正,使交际能继续正常进行。但如果学生的“错误”不至于影响意思的表达,完全达到了交际的目的时,教师则应容忍学生的“错误”。对于个别问题,可过后给学生指出;对于有代表性的“错误”,教师可启发全班进行讨论和纠正。

本论点旨在针对学生交际操练匮乏、开口意识薄弱、语言语调不规范等弱势,试图充分挖掘教材,把课堂还给学生,并体现语言是文化的载体这一论断。

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