(完整word版)兰大考博2005年真题
兰州大学2005年招收攻读博士学位研究生
英语考试试题
Section Ⅰ (20%)
1.Hemp, a barsh, stiff fiber, comes from a plant that grows in both hot
and mild climates.
A. rigid
B. sticky
C. dense
D. woven
2. At least six times since the end of the last ice age, the Mississippi
River has dramatically altered its course.
A. unfortunately
B. radically
C. steadily
D. incvitably
3. The Depreasion years of 1930`s brought with them the notion of job
sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to modem low for the United Statesof 35 hours.
A. concept
B. picture
C. notice
D. program
4. The longest unbroken border in the world is that between Canada and
The United States.
A. reciprocal
B. incessant
C. uninterrupted
D. enduring
5. A major chatacteristic of parliament government is the fusion of
executive and legislative powers in one body.
A. alignment
B. fixing
C. strength
D. union
6. New York is a shopper`s paradise whether one wants to spend a
fortune in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows.
A. turn one`s back on
B. walk casually along
C. search carefully for
D. to look quickly over
7. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes on
a printed sheet of music.
A. reproduce
B. omit
C. change
D. compose
8. Within minutes, as my guide predicted, a beggar accosted me.
A. insulted
B. intinddated
C. approached and addressed
D. asked fou money
9. The stories of Sarah Onne Jewerr are considered by many to be more
authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.
A. genuinely
B. blatantly
C. intentionally
D. thoroughly
10. With the down of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric
conditions on Earth may be unique in the solar system was strengthened.
A. continuation
B. beginning
C. expansion
D. outcome
11. When a flounder first hatches, it looks like a typical fish.
A. emerges from the egg
B. matures
C. swims about
D. rises from the bottom
12. Many movies receive disparaging reviews from film experts and yet
become extremely successful.
A. lengthy
B. authoritative
C. negative
D. uninteresting
13. A vein is a depoait of mineral matter that has filled a fault or seam
in a rock.
A. a cave
B. a crack
C. an indentation
D. a hole
14. During the late 1860`s, thirty-three whaling ships were trapped in a
ice floe off Alaska and had to be abandoned.
A. protected
B. overturned
C. given up
D. towed away
15. There are numerous manuals available with instructions on how to
fix a bicycle.
A. steer
B. control
C. ride
D. repair
16. Because he was unaware of the new limit, he was stopped and
warned for speeding.
A. ignorant
B. obstinate
C. Intricate
D. adjacent
17. The strait is a difficult stretch of water, too perilous for small ferries
to cross.
A. surging
B. risky
C. narrow
D. windy
18. The initial sounds of words are frequently stressed.
A. alphabetical
B. vowel
C. hard
D. beginning
19. Weather forecasers must know as much as possible about the state
of the atmosphere.
A. organization
B. location
C. condition
D. composition
20. A kiin is a type of oven in which clay is fired so that it hardens into
form of ceramic material.
A . lightenced B. repaired
C. melted
D. baked
SectionⅡ(20%)
21.no two people think exactly alike, there will always be
disagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively.
A. Why
B. There are
C. Because
D. That
22. Until the eighteenth century , charcoal was used in blast
lurnaces, as well as in glassmaking, blacksmithing, and metalworking.
A. the chief fuel was
B. what the chief fuel
C. the chief fuel that
D. the chief fuel
23. The early cultures of the genus Homo were generally by
regular use of stone tools and by a hunting gathering economy.
A. well-known
B. admitted
C. distinguished
D. condidered
24. Mamufacturing is Canada`s most important economic activity,
17 percent of the workforce.
A. engages
B. engaging
C. and to engage
D. that it engages
25. Railway industry must the growing demands for carrying
freight and passengers.
A. keep pace with
B. keep a pace with
C. keep paces together
D. follow the pace of
26. In war time, pigeons to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour and
to cover distances of 500 to 600 miles.
A. are to be known
B. have been known
C. are supposed to have known
D. usually know
27. The American frontier the relatively unsettled regions of
the United States, usually found in the western part of the country.
A. included in
B. make up of
C. including
D. consisted of
28. In carlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand
than in the North; now, with increasing attention to cross-bred flocks, the reverse .
A. being true
B. being the case
C. are true
D. is the case
29. Most people would agree that, our age exceeds all previous ages in
knowledge, there has been no increase in wisdom.
A. respective
B. related
C. corresponding
D. consistent
30. Statuses are marzelous human inventions that to get
along with one another and to d etermine where we “fit” in society.
A. enable us
B. make us capable
C. give us power
D. we are able
31. Tidiness means keeping things out of sight and available
when wanted.
A. so that
B. also
C. so
D. yet
32. A few years ago a brand of bread to dieters with the
message that there were fewer calories in every slice.
A. was offered
B. had offered
C. was offered
D. being offered
33. The business institutes have more prestige in American society than
any other organization the government.
A. including of
B. to include
C. included
D. including
34. that life began billions of years ago in the water..
A. It is believed
B. In the belief
C. The belief
D. Believing
35. as food additives ,antioxidants prevent fats and oils
from becoming rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.
A. While used
B. When using
C. When used
D. Using
36. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child,
is very important in parental tasching.
A. firmness
B. consistency
C. harmony
D. correlation
37. John was the only one who knew how to cook because he had
in the kitchen when he was a boy.
A. helped with
B. helped up
C. helped out
D. helped himself
38. Methods of measuring mass, time, and distance are of
human culture.
A. among the oldest skills
B. they are among the oldest skills
C. what among the oldest skills
D. the skills that among the oldest
39. The first glass factory the North American continent
was started in Jamostown, Virginia, in 1607.
A. was established on
B. being established
C. established on
D. that established it
40. The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in their
education is for the recent surge of support for undergraduate research.
A. reason that
B. one reason
C. the reason which
D. reason
Part Two Translation (40%)
Section Ⅰ (From English into Chinese)
Directions Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(20%)
I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty-two, I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what
color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. (1) It occurred to me the other day that I might no t have come to love life as I do if I hadn`t been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believe in it so deeply, otherwise.
I don`t mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.
Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. (2) The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world would become. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me – a potential to live, you might call it –and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.
The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn`t been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self- confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that a assurance I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; (3) that somewhere in the sweeping intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.
It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor
baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. “I can`t use this,” I said. “Take it with you, and roll it around,” he urged me. The words stuck in my head. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. (4) This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible playing baseball. At Philadephia`s Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. (5) It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.
Section Ⅱ (From Chinese into English)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into English (20%)
盼头
（6）细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对我来说，可是一年的大盼头。过年，不但好玩，且有好吃，那气氛是迷人的，又盼日子快些流，好流来一个春节。
在盼中，日子真的流得飞快，（7）转眼上了小学，继而初中，然后高中，最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容也越渐丰富了；盼望有好成绩毕业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成，盼挣钱替父母分忧，盼有个好爱人……不知不觉，天天跟着盼的石阶而上，自己竟成
了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌人了。
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武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
2015年武汉大学考博英语考试真题
2015年武汉大学考博英语考试真题 一、阅读理解 Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due. Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part. 1. The best title for this selection is （） A. Fitting Punishment to the Crime B. Approaches to Just Punishment C. Improvement in Legal Justice D. Attaining Justice in the Courts 2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive ju