初中英语知识点总结：动词

动词（一）

一、知识概述

在英语中，每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”，动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样，有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法，可见英语动词的重要性。在初中英语中，动词的分类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系，非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本，包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态，因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。

二、动词的分类及作用

按照动词的词义和在句中的作用，英语动词可分为行为动词（又叫实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1、行为动词

表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。如：

She took pictures of trees

He is typing letters.

行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

（1）及物动词

及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very much

I gave the child another piece of cake.

常见的能带两个宾语的动词有：

bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer,pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.

（2）不及物动词

本身词义完整，后面不要求跟宾语。如：

Horses run fast.

They work in a factory.

She curled up in bed and began her book.

2、连系动词

（1）本身有词义，不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste,become.

My father is an engineer.

My brother has become a doctor.

It seems that he was a millionaire.

I don’t feel very well today.

（2）表示感觉知觉的动词可以是连系动词，如feel,touch,sound,smell.

I can smell the sea.

The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain in the arm.

She looked worried about it.

3、动词与介词的固定搭配

动词与介词的搭配主要指下列两种形式：

（1）动词+宾语+介词

The song always reminds me of my school days.

Parents usually expect a lot of their children.

I often take her for her sister.

He hide everything from me.

The headmaster praised the boy for his courage.

They supplied people with enough food and drink.

They presented us with a lot of flowers.

The man was charged with mueder.

（2）动词+反身代词+介词

dress oneself in;prepare oneself for

give oneself topride oneself on

He gives himself to pop music.

She always dresses herself in white.

动词（二）

一、动词的形式

大多数动词有四种基本形式：

1、现在式；

2、过去式；

3、过去分词；

4、现在分词；现在式是字典中所给的形式，也可称为动词原形。按照动词各种形式的构成方法，动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。

1、第三人称单数形式；加-s的规则

动词一般现在时单数第三人称形式的构成和名词复数的构成法及读音完全一样。

情况变化形式例词

一般情况加-shelpsmakesgets

加-esguessesfixesgoeswashes以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的名词

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i,加esfliescriestriesstudies

2、动词的过去式和过去分词：构成动词-ed形式的规则。

（1）规则变化的过去式和过去分词的构成是一样的。都加-ed。

构成规则动词原形变化后

一般在动词原形末尾加edlookplaylookedplayed

结尾是e的动词加d livehopelivedhoped

以辅音字母加y的动词，改y为i加edstudycarrystudiedcarried

重读闭音节的，又写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed

fitstoppeddropped

fittedstopdrop（2）不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的，可以查不规则动词变化形式表。

①有些动词的三种形式一样。如：

bet ;

cut;burst;

hit;cast;

hurt;

spreadcost;let;

read;shut;

②下面是一些易误用的不规则动词

bear, bore, born

draw, drew, drawn

fly, flew, flownbite, bit, bittenblow, blew, blowndrink, drank, drunk hide, hid, hiddeneat, ate, eaten

lend, lent, lent

rise, rose, risen

mean, meant, meant

shake, shook, shaken

throw, threw, thrownride, rode, ridden

swim, swam, swumtear, tore, torn

wear, wore, worn

3、英语动词的现在分词，一般在动词末尾加-ing。

规则变化形式例词

一般情况加inggoingasking

以不发音的e结尾的去e,再加ingwritingclosing

以重读闭音节结尾的

beginning

以ie结尾的先将ie变为y，再加ingdyinglying tying

双写最后一个辅音字母，再加inggetting动词（三）

教学重点

一、助动词

助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式，或用来加强语气。

常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will等。它们的具体用法如下：（1）助动词be

A.可用于构成进行时态

She is doing her homework now.

I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon.

B.可用于构成被动语态

The baby was put in bed by his mother.

The invitation was received yesterday.

C.可与动词不定式构成谓语

These books are not to be taken out of the room.

She is to arrive at six this morning.

（2）助动词have

A.构成完成时态

I have not seen him for three years.

How long has your uncle taught in the village?

He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England.B.和动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境促使不得不做的事情She had to go shopping yesterday.

（3）助动词do

A.构成疑问句和否定句

Did anyone sharpen this knife?

I don’t think you are right.

B．用来加强语气

I do want to have a talk with you

Do come and see me.

C．用来代替动词词组

Have you finished your work?Yes, I did yesterday.

He plays basketball well. So does his brother.

（4）助动词shall

构成将来时态，单纯表示未来情况

I shall not be back tonight.

We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month.

（5）助动词will

构成将来时，用于第一、二、三人称。如：

They will move to a new house.

She will not eat any solid food.

注意：

（1）have to与must的区别

must是情态动词，意思是“必须”、“应该”、“一定要”，后接动词原形。Must的否定形式为mustn’t.构成疑问句时，肯定回答一般用must。否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to表示“不必”。如：Must I do it now ?

Yes, you mustNo, you needn’t.

have to表示“不得不，必须”，可用于多种时态。

I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.

I’m sorry I won’t go with you, I’ll have to go to the bank.

We don’t have to install this new television set.

（2）usedto表示过去常常，而现在不再有的习惯。其否定形式为:used not to, usedn’t (usen’t) to , didn’t use to.

I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.

I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.

Used they to have a lot more free time ?

动词（四）

教学重点

情态动词

（1）情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想。情态动词有自己的词义，但不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的动词不定式连用，没有人称和数的变化，常用的情态动词有can, may,must, will, shall, should, would, need, dare.①情态动词有自己的词义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或主观设想。如：

You may go now.

This bus can seat 40 people.

The work must be finished as soon as possible.

②情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to的不定式连用，没有人称和数的变化。

③情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式。

（2）情态动词的用法。

①may的用法

a.表示允许或征询对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。May not表示说话人“不许可”，如：

You may go now.

May I use you typewrite?

You may not go=I do not permit you to go.

b.在回答may引导的疑问句时，肯定回答用yes, you may否定用No,you mustn’t. No, you can’t或No, you had better not.

②can的用法

a．表示能力，有“能、会、能够”的意思。

b.表示允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以的意思。

c.表示“可能性”，常用于否定句或疑问句。The hall can hold at least 200 people.

The librarian said we could take these books.

Today is Sunday, he can’t be at school today.

d. can和be able to的用法比较

can用来表达能力时，由于只有现在时和过去时两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表达。如：

I can play piano.

He has not been able to finish the work in time.

③must的用法

a. must表示必须，应该。如：

Must I come to the party?

The article must be completed before Friday.

b. must的否定形式mustn’t,表示“不应该、不可以、禁止”。如：You mustn’t get to school too late.

Must I do it now?Yes, you must.No, you needn’t

She must have gone to Beijing.

You must say sorry to me for that

You mustn’t clean only own room.

④need的用法

a.need作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句，较少用于肯定句。

如：

I needn’t wear a coat. = I don’t think I need wear a coat.I don’t need things like that.

⑤shall

用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意愿。如:

He shall get his money.

You shall do exactly as you wish.

Shall I turn on the light?

Shall I poen the window?

⑥would的用法

表示愿望、决心、建议或看法，如：

I would like to go there.

I promised that I would do my best.

表示过去的习惯.

He would often come to my house to see me.

初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

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完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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一. 只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词 1. want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to buy a new computer this afternoon. 2. would like to do sth.想要做某事 I would like to invite you to come to my birthday party this Saturday. 3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 I wish to live on the moon one day. 4. help to do sth. 帮助做某事 I often help to do some chores at home. 5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to have a good rest this weekend. 6. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 He finally learned to play the piano with the help of the teacher. 7. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 They managed to escape the fire yesterday. 8. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 Never offer to teach fish to swim. 9. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 He plans to travel around the world. 10. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事（时间或金钱方面） We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 11. agree to do sth. 做某事 He agreed to do it at once. 12. arrange to do sth.安排做某事 I arrange to wash clothes tomorrow morning. 13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事 The boy asks to go to school by bike. 14. beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 He begged not to be put into prison.

初中英语常见动词短语归纳

look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论

talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快

come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来 get on上(车) get up起床

初中英语知识点总结：动词知识点总结

初中英语知识点总结：动词知识点总结（一）掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则； 1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：词尾加-s look-looks find-finds 以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾词尾加-es watch-watches,push-pushes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-es fly-flies,apply-applies 2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成： ①规则动词的变化：词尾加-ed look-looked,looked 以e结尾词尾加-d live-lived,lived 以“辅音字母+Y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ed carry-carried,carried 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped ②不规则动词的变化。（略） 3、动词的现在分词的构成：直接加-ing look-looking watch-watching 以e结尾去e加-ing come-coming move-moving 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing swim-swimming 以ie结尾且为重读开音节变ie加y再加ing die-dying lie-lying （二）掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时） 1、一般现在时 ①一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与 always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month)等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。 ②一般现在时的构成：一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s或-es。 She likes biology very much.她非常喜欢生物。 They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。 2、一般过去时